Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal (E-BPJ)
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Visual Content Analysis in Art and Design: A Case Study of Malaysia’s National Day Logo
Full text linkNational Day logos play an important role in communicating national identity and cultural values. However, systematic design-oriented approaches for analysing how formal and interpretive visual elements function within these logos remain limited. This study explores a design-based methodological approach for visual analysis by integrating formal and interpretive perspectives. Using an adapted visual content analysis method, six Malaysia National Day logos representing key evolutionary phases were analysed in terms of colour, typography, shape, and symbolism. The findings demonstrate shifts in aesthetic styles and national messaging across different periods, highlighting the relevance of structured visual analysis in art and design research
Relationship of Anxiety, Physical Performance, and Sarcopenia in Older People with Low Back Pain: A Scoping Review
Full text linkLow back pain (LBP) is highly prevalent among older adults due to age-related sarcopenia, declining physical function, and anxiety, leading to disability and reduced independence. However, a limited understanding of their interaction hinders effective screening and rehabilitation. This review aims to explore the relationship between anxiety, physical performance, and sarcopenia in older adults with LBP. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science was conducted in strict accordance with PRISMA-ScR review guidelines. Nine studies reported reduced physical performance, and Sarcopenia increased LBP, disability, and anxiety. Thus, dual physical-psychological screening may optimize LBP management in older adults
Self-Reported Visual Clarity and Its Association with Refractive Error in Schoolchildren
No full textSelf-reported visual clarity is widely used as a rapid screening indicator for detection of refractive error in schoolchildren. This study investigated associations between self-reported visual clarity, refractive error, and objective visual acuity among primary schoolchildren attending vision screening programs. Data from 930 children were analysed retrospectively using chi-square tests. Significant associations were found between self-reported visual clarity and age, refractive error (specifically myopia), and presenting visual acuity; while gender and other refractive error subtypes showed no significant associations. Some children reported clear vision despite reduced visual acuity, supporting combined subjective and objective screening approaches in paediatric vision programmes globally
Islamic Work Ethic in Organizations: Principles, Practices and Contemporary Challenges
No full textQualitative case study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with seven Malaysian experts to explore the principles, practices, and contemporary challenges of the Islamic work ethic in organizations. The Islamic work ethic is rooted in tawhid, which emphasizes work as worship (ibadah) and as a sacred trust (amanah) for which every human is accountable. Practically manifested through professionalism, integrity, trustworthiness (amanah), benevolence (ihsan), precision (itqan), and its practice faces internal and external challenges. Consequently, the appreciation of Islamic values and their deep embedding in an organizational work culture can strengthen governance, integrity, and the effectiveness and sustainability of an organization's performance
Progress of the Integration of Mountain Culture, Sports, and Tourism Industry: A Literature Review
Full text linkBackground: Mountain regions face socio-economic challenges. Integrating culture, tourism and sports offers a promising path for resilient economies. Aim: To investigate the current progress and prospects of integrating mountain culture, sports, and the tourism industry. Objectives: To determine effective strategies and models for achieving sustainable and synergistic development. Methods: This review examines case studies from mountainous regions of Europe and quantitative data from southwestern China. Findings: Leadership, community participation, and collaboration as success factors, while infrastructure deficits and administrative fragmentation remain challenges. Sports integration is notably underdeveloped. Conclusion: Holistic, community-centered approaches are crucial for sustainable development
Adversity Quotient (AQ) Profiling among Polytechnic Students from Rasch Logit Setting
Full text linkThe study aims to develop a profile of AQ among polytechnic students based on their demographic status, using the Rasch logit setting. Proportionate stratified multistage cluster sampling was used to select 1,845 students. The results showed that the group of females, first-year students, Department of Marine Engineering program, and Western Zone Polytechnic Zone reported the highest AQ. This study advances the Rasch logit model as a robust technique for measuring AQ for profiling purposes, compared to the mean score. Future research should extend the Rasch logit model to broader educational contexts and to guide evidence-based educational interventions
Principles for Designing an Online Grammar Game: A Fuzzy Delphi Validation of Present Perfect and Present Perfect Progressive Tasks
Full text linkThe study examines how the Theory of Variation can guide the design of online grammar questions for teaching the Present Perfect and Present Perfect Progressive tenses. It shows how variation patterns can help learners notice the differences between the two forms. To assess the applicability of these principles, the study employed the Fuzzy Delphi Method with five experts. They rated each element, and the results showed strong agreement. The findings support the design of grammar tasks that are clear and grounded in theory, and the same method could be applied to other tense–aspect modules in future studies
Influence of Demographic, Occupational and Pain Intensity on Low Back Pain among Office Workers
Full text linkLow back pain (LBP) is highly prevalent among office workers and can impair productivity and quality of life. This study investigated demographic and occupational factors contributing to LBP among administrative employees. A cross-sectional design recruited 105 eligible participants aged 18–60 years. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and a Numeric Rating Scale for pain. Significant group differences were found for gender, height, and pain intensity. Logistic regression identified female gender, taller stature, and moderate pain intensity as independent predictors of LBP. These findings underscore the importance of ergonomic interventions tailored to individual worker characteristics
Current Trend of AI in Higher Education Self-Directed ESL/EFL: An Activity Theory Approach
Full text linkThis review adapts Engeström’s (1987) expanded Activity Theory to investigate current trends and the pedagogical impact of AI in self-directed ESL/EFL within higher education. The review analysed 76 empirical studies from Scopus, Web of Science, and Education Research Complete@EBSCOhost, selected using PRISMA 2020. Findings reveal a sharp increase in AI-supported self-directed ESL/EFL research from 2023 onward. AI-powered chatbots, particularly ChatGPT, dominate usage. Tools like Duolingo, Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE), and translation tools enhance learners’ learning across diverse contexts. Effectiveness assessments consistently indicate neutral to positive perceptions, underscoring the contextual value of AI in promoting self-directed ESL/EFL
Suitability of Music-Based Items for Identifying Giftedness in Children at a STEM Camp
Full text linkThis study examines the use of music-based tasks for identifying giftedness in children at a Malaysian STEM camp. It explores the suitability, fairness, and meaningfulness of music-based items in a gifted identification framework. Surveying 62 primary gifted students, the study found positive perceptions of music-based tasks, with strong internal consistency in music–STEM integration, musical aptitude, and task suitability. Correlations indicated that music-based tasks are psychometrically promising and acceptable. Future research should refine task design, explore fairness across subgroups, and link music-based indicators to independent measures of gifted performance