1,720,964 research outputs found
The history of the sultanate of Riau Lingga : viewed from a legal and cultural perspective
No full textPolitical or Religious Policy? Indigenous Christian Education in the Dutch East Indies Era
Full text linkThis study is a textual analysis discussing the existence of Christian educational institutions for indigenous students under the Dutch colonial administration in the Dutch East Indies. The primary objective of this research is to examine the underlying motives behind the Dutch colonial government’s policies on Christian education for indigenous communities, specifically to determine whether these policies were politically or religiously motivated. Focusing on historical contexts, this research employs historical methods to reconstruct past events. The central question addressed is the Dutch colonial government’s main focus in shaping policies for Christian education through mission institutions for indigenous communities: whether these were driven by political interests or religious considerations. Data sources were obtained from literature and historical documents archived in data storage centers and libraries. The findings, using a structuration methodology, reveal a pragmatic dualism underlying the colonial government’s policies, which shifted according to the socio-political context
Kerkelijke Eigendom : Memahami Hak Milik Gereja Di Indonesia Era Kolonial
Full text linkThis research aims to elucidate the history of land ownership by Christian Church institutions in the Dutch East Indies colony. In addition to providing a descriptive account of its development, this article endeavors to delve into various documentary sources concerning ownership, particularly the legal status associated with the Christian Church as an institution within the colonial legal framework. Through an examination of its legal standing, this research seeks to discern the nature of the Church's land ownership. Given the historical nature of this study, the historical method is employed to guide the research towards a comprehensive reconstruction. This method comprises five phases: document exploration (heuristic), critical analysis, exceptions, interpretation, and reconstruction. Emphasis is placed on authentic documents to ensure the accuracy and objectivity of the information presented in this reconstruction. In conclusion, this report elucidates the legal status of the Christian Church under the colonial legal system and its implications for material ownership by the Church based on its legal standing. Thus, shedding light on the origins of asset ownership status held by the Christian Church in present-day Indonesia
From Bengal to Java: Raffles’ Landrente in Indonesian Agrarian System
Full text linkThe issues of land ownership taxes hold in a distinctive position within Indonesian legal framework, with historical roots extending from Indonesia’s Independence to the colonial era. Originating during the British ruled Java from 1811 to 1816, British Lieutenant Governor-General Thomas Stamford Raffles introduced the concept of landrente for a tax on land. This study endeavors to explore the historical evolution of land ownership taxes with the Indonesian legal system, tracing its inception from the colonial era to contemporary times. The historical method based on archival materials, legal documents and historical records, have been employed. After criticizing the archival sources that used, the interpretation will be applied for getting some historical facts. Based on these facts, reconstruction as a final phase of the method will be built. A comprehensive historical overview of the evolution of land ownership taxes in Indonesia has been revealed, traversing the colonial period to contemporary times. The transition from landrente to grondbelasting marks a pivotal shift in tax principles and individual property rights. The underlying principle is the fact that all land was owned by government, while the people could only work on. As a form of rent for the land, the people had to give a part of the proceeds to the government. Collection system followed the system that used by The British East India Company in Bengal, namelythrough the zamindar. In Java, Raffles submitted to the colonial officials in the local level
Di Bawah Dualisme Hukum : Komunitas Kristen Pribumi Jawa di Era Kolonial
Full text linkThis article aims to elucidate the legal status and position of indigenous Christian communities in Java during the colonial era. The reason for this is that their presence within the administrative and legal system of the Dutch East Indies necessitated clarity, given the frequent uncertainty in the implementation of Dutch government actions. As a historical work, this research employs historical sources inherited from past administrative activities, namely documents. Priority is given to primary documents, whether in the form of manuscripts or official publications, while reference sources will be used in accordance with their respective eras of creation. The data is obtained from archival repositories, both in the Netherlands and Indonesia, such as the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia. The method used to process this data is the historical research method, which consists of four stages: heuristic, criticism, interpretation, and reconstruction. From the results of the reconstruction, it can be concluded that issues of interpretation are the main problem in addressing the aforementioned ambiguity. Differences in interpretation between indigenous Christian communities (and their missionary leaders) on one side and government authorities on the other side have led to disparities in policy implementation and even conflicts of interest. This situation is further exacerbated by the lack of clarity within the government apparatus itself in executing instructions, both at lower and higher levels, especially concerning indigenous Christian communities in Java.
Abstrak Indonesia
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan status dan posisi hukum masyarakat pribumi Kristen di Jawa pada era kolonial. Alasan untuk hal ini adalah karena keberadaan mereka dalam sistem politik administrasi dan sistem hukum kolonial memerlukan kejelasan, mengingat seringkali terjadi ketidakpastian dalam penerapan tindakan pemerintah Hindia Belanda. Sebagai karya sejarah, penelitian ini menggunakan sumber sejarah yang merupakan warisan dari aktivitas administrasi masa lalu, yakni dokumen. Prioritas diberikan pada dokumen primer, baik berupa manuskrip maupun sumber resmi yang diterbitkan, sementara sumber referensi akan digunakan sesuai dengan era pembuatannya. Data-data tersebut diperoleh dari pusat penyimpanan arsip, baik di Belanda maupun di Indonesia, seperti di Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengolah data ini adalah metode penelitian sejarah yang terdiri atas empat tahap: heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan rekonstruksi. Dari hasil rekonstruksi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa persoalan interpretasi merupakan masalah utama dalam menjawab ketidakjelasan status di atas. Perbedaan interpretasi antara umat Kristen pribumi (dan para pendeta zendingnya) di satu sisi dan aparat pemerintah di sisi lain mengakibatkan perbedaan dalam aplikasi kebijakan dan bahkan dapat mengarah pada konflik kepentingan. Hal ini semakin memburuk akibat ketidakjelasan pada aparat pemerintah sendiri dalam melaksanakan instruksi baik di tingkat bawah maupun atas, khususnya terhadap komunitas Kristen pribumi di Jawa
ANTARA BEZITSRECHT DAN EIGENDOMRECHT: Kajian Tentang Hak Atas Tanah Oleh Penduduk
Full text linkNowadays, land ownership\u27s issues become complicated and often result in conflict to nation, either individually or groups (mass). Lack of clarity of the status of the land requires a historical approach to the study of the legal regulation of land that changed following regime, which resulted in changes to the rights and status of land ownership. Results of this study concluded that the problems came out from an incomprehensive notice from the regulator/government, in order to clarify which regime used by now. Most of the people are sticking with the understanding of property rights (bezitzrecht) or tenure (beschikkingsrecht) of land, which is different from the concept of land title rights (eigendom). Therefore, the Government is expected to socialize the concept of land title rights (eigendom) and other present land rights so the conflicts will decrease or subside. Keyword: property rights (bezitzrecht), land title rights (eigendom), regulation histor
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Sultan Hamengku Buwono II : Pembela tradisi dan kekuasaan Jawa
No full textSultan HB II adalah tokoh yang amat kontraversial karena mempunyai watak yang keras dan menentang perintah yang adatang dari pemerintah Kolonial Belanda. Ia juga menjadi raja yang mengalami pergantian pemerintahan 4 kali (VOC, Republik Bataf dan Perancis, Inggris serta Belanda). Ia juga naik tahta sebanyak 3 kali dan pernah diturunkan dari tahta tetapi tidak bisa disingkirkan oleh penjajah
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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