7 research outputs found
Endangered waterbird and wetland status, Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Hawai'i Island
Get PDFReports were scanned in black and white at a resolution of 600 dots per inch and were converted to text using Adobe Paper Capture Plug-in.The endangered waterbirds of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park (KAHO) were studied from February 1992 through 1995, a study begun in conjunction with other avian surveys done during 1992-93 at the three National Park units in west Hawai'i Island (Morin 1996a, 1996b, 1996c). Other simultaneous surveys studied invertebrates, mammals, and vegetation (David Foote pers. comm.; Charles Stone pers. comm.; Pratt and Abbott 1996a, 1996b, 1996c) at those same sites. Endangered Hawaiian Coots or 'Alae ke'oke'o (Fulica alai) and endangered Hawaiian Stilts or Ae'o (Himantopus mexicanus knudseni) are resident, endemic species and breed at KAHO. Two other resident waterbirds also regularly breed there: the indigenous Black-crowned Night-Heron or 'Auku'u (Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli) and the
Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps). The endangered Hawaiian Moorhen or 'Alae'ula (Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis) is believed to have been extirpated on Hawai'i Island in the early 1900s (Banko 1987a). The fourth endangered Hawaiian waterbird species, the Hawaiian Duck or Koloa (Anas wyvilliana) has never been confirmed from KAHO's wetlands. Two nonnative waterbirds established on Hawai'i Island sometimes visit KAHO, but there are no records they have ever bred there: the Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos, and Cattle Egret, Bubulcus ibis. In addition to the previously mentioned species, long-term bird sighting records indicate that at least 2 species of migratory geese, 15 species of migratory ducks, 23 species of migratory shorebirds, 11 species of gulls and terns, and 3 other migrant or vagrant species have visited KAHO's wetlands (Morin 1996b). Northern Shovelers (Anas clypeata) were the most abundant migrant duck. Waterbird censuses were made at least weekly in the two KAHO fishponds, 'Aimakapa and Kaloko, for most of the period 1992 through July 1994, and at least twice a month from August 1994 through February 1995. Hawaiian Stilts used both KAHO fishponds, but Hawaiian Coots and migratory ducks did not utilize Kaloko Fishpond, probably due to its deeper water, higher salinity, and inappropriate vegetation. From 1992 through 1994, surveys for waterbird nests were made at both fishponds approximately weekly during the peak breeding season of February through July, and less often otherwise. Endangered Stilt and Coot nests were found only at 'Aimakapa Fishpond, and were concentrated on the northern, southern, and eastern shorelines, coincidentally in the areas most isolated from visitor use. In 1992 no Hawaiian Stilt chicks were found, but after predator control was begun in 1993, Hawaiian Stilts successfully fledged chicks. Hawaiian Coots had poorer recruitment success even with terrestrial predator control, and possible causes include predation on new chicks by large fish in 'Aimakapa Fishpond. An outbreak of avian botulism caused a large die-off of endangered waterbirds during 1994. Hawaiian Coot mortality at 'Aimakapa Fishpond appeared to be almost 100%, but Hawaiian Stilts sustained lower mortality (Morin 1996d). By December 1995, Hawaiian Coot and Stilt counts were returning to normal at 'Aimakapa Fishpond, but migratory waterfowl counts remained low. From February 1992 through February 1995 counts of human visitors were made at each fishpond during the bird censuses, and visitor use categorized. Highest visitor counts were on
the beach just west of 'Aimakapa Fishpond, and beach-related activities such as sunbathing appeared to be the most frequent visitor use there. The presence of dogs (usually pets) next to or in the fishponds decreased from 1993 to 1995, probably due to a posted leash law enforced by the Park since approximately 1994. Predator control at 'Aimakapa Fishpond from February 1993 through December 1994 removed 290 mongooses (Herpestes auropunctatus), but also a few cats (Felis catus) and a few black rats (Rattus rattus). Hawaiian Stilt chick survival appeared to benefit from predator
removal. Experimental wetland weed removal test plots were made and artificial nesting platforms (designed to reduce waterbird nest loss due to frequent flooding and predation) were installed during late 1992 through 1994. Artificial floating nest platforms were readily accepted by both endangered waterbird species, but an adequate anchoring system has yet to be devised. Primarily in Kaloko Fishpond, non-native red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) removal was ongoing during 1992 and 1993. After mudflats became exposed again, Hawaiian Stilts began to reuse those parts of Kaloko Fishpond until the mudflats were reinvaded by the non-native pickleweed, Batis maritima. The removal of smaller mangrove infestations also occurred at 'Aimakapa Fishpond and elsewhere in other KAHO wetland and shoreline areas. KAHO's fishponds and associated wetlands are an important breeding, resting, and feeding site for native endangered waterbirds and are also very important as an overwintering and stopover area for migratory and vagrant waterbirds (Medeiros 1958) and shorebirds. 'Aimakapa and 'Opae'ula (Makalawena) Fishponds taken together have been reported to maintain over 95% of the Stilts and 90% of the Coots for Hawai'i lsland (Paton et al. 1985). The author has estimated that during 1992-1994 approximately 70-80% of the Hawaiian Coots and 50% of the Hawaiian Stilts for Hawai'i lsland were maintained at KAHO's wetlands (Morin 1996d). Ecosystem-wide hydrology is poorly understood for west Hawai'i Island. Ongoing waterrelated issues, such as upslope deforestation and non-point source pollution, are impacting brackish water fishponds and other wetlands such as anchialine pools along the Kona coast. In addition, most current and potential waterbird habitat in west Hawai'i lsland is not being managed for waterbirds. Frequent, widespread, and close disturbance by humans, vehicles, or pets and feral animals (e.g., dogs, cats) in or next to these wetlands will probably cause the reduction or elimination of endangered waterbird reproduction, and a reduction in numbers and/or types of other waterbirds and shorebirds known to frequent the wetlands, due to increased mortality and the disruption of feeding. Wetland pestiferous alien plant control, and vigorous predator control (e.g., mongooses and cats) will help to stabilize and reverse the wetland ecosystems' ongoing degradation. The future of waterbirds in west Hawai'i lsland depends upon proactive wetland management at KAHO and nearby sites regularly visited by these same birds.National Park Service Cooperative Agreement CA 8024 2 900
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA POSTER SEBAGAI MEDIA EDUKASI ORANGTUA DALAM MEMBANTU MENCEGAH PERILAKU PERUNDUNGAN
Get PDFBullying is a negative behaviour carried out repeatedly and individually or in groups and causes discomfort to the victim. Character education is one of the first solutions starting from the family to prevent bullying, so parents need to understand what to do with their children. Therefore, it is necessary to have media in the form of posters which is a means of education in helping parents to prevent child bullying. The method used in this study is the research and development method (R&D) with the PPE model (Planning, Production, and Evaluation). The material explained in the poster includes the definition of bullying, the causes of bullying, the impact of bullying on children, character education to prevent bullying, and the role of parents in preventing bullying. The results obtained were that the posters made were included in the outstanding category with a score of 85.5% in the assessment of the quality of the poster media and obtained a score of 84.6% in the assessment of the feasibility of the content of the material. Therefore, the poster is appropriate for parents. Hopefully, this poster can have an impact so that parents begin to implement parental roles in preventing bullying behaviour.
Keywords: bullying, character education, parental role
Abstrak
Perilaku perundungan adalah suatu perilaku negatif yang dilakukan secara berulang-ulang oleh individu maupun kelompok dan menyebabkan rasa ketidaknyamanan terhadap korban. Pendidikan karakter merupakan salah satu solusi pertama dimulai dari keluarga dalam pencegahan perundungan sehingga orangtua perlu memahami apa yang harus dilakukan terhadap anak. Oleh karena itu, perlu ada sebuah media berupa poster yang menjadi sarana edukasi dalam membantu orangtua melakukan pencegahan terjadinya perundungan pada anak. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan atau R&D (Research and Development) dan menggunakan model PPE yaitu Planning (Perencanaan), Production (Produksi), dan Evaluation (Evaluasi). Materi yang dijelaskan dalam poster tersebut berupa pengertian perundungan, faktor penyebab perundungan, dampak perundungan pada anak, pendidikan karakter sebagai upaya mencegah perundungan, dan peran orang tua dalam mencegah perundungan. Diperoleh hasil bahwa poster yang dibuat termasuk ke dalam kategori sangat baik dengan skor 85,5% dalam penilaian terhadap kualitas media poster dan memperoleh skor 84,6% dalam penilaian kelayakan isi materi. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa poster tersebut layak untuk diberikan kepada orangtua. Diharapkan poster ini dapat memberikan dampak agar orangtua mulai menerapkan peran-peran orangtua dalam mencegah perilaku perundungan.
Kata kunci: pendidikan karakter, peran orangtua, perundunga
Determination analaysis of the power losses of transformers with continuously transpored conductors (CTC) based fuzzy logic
No full textMeningkatkan Gaya Hidup Bugar di Kalangan Remaja melalui Evaluasi Hasil Tes Kebugaran Siswa Indonesia
No full textThis study aims to evaluate the impact of using fitness tests on improving healthy lifestyles among teenagers in Indonesia. In achieving this goal, this study was conducted by observing the effectiveness of fitness tests as a tool to encourage adolescents to adopt an active and healthy lifestyle. The method used is the application of fitness tests to students in several schools in Indonesia. After that, an evaluation of the results of this fitness test was carried out to measure changes in physical activity and awareness of the importance of a healthy lifestyle among teenagers. The research results show that the use of fitness tests can increase students\u27 awareness of the importance of physical activity and a healthy lifestyle. Apart from that, the test results are also able to provide a clear picture of the student\u27s physical fitness condition, allowing for more targeted monitoring of positive behavioral changes. In conclusion, evaluating fitness test results can be an effective tool in improving a fit lifestyle among Indonesian teenagers
Spatial precipitation trends and effects of climate change on the Hawai'ian Hualalai aquifer
Get PDF2015 Spring.Includes bibliographical references.While trends in temperature are well studied and understood spatially and temporally at a multitude of scales, trends in precipitation are less understood. As the predominant source of groundwater recharge in Western Hawai'i, precipitation plays a vital role in maintaining tourism and industry throughout the Kona Region. Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park was established in 1978 to perpetuate and maintain traditional native Hawai'ian culture and the surrounding ecosystem, which is dependent on freshwater from the surrounding Hualalai Aquifer. Precipitation increases with elevation from the coast to approximately 1500 meters up the slope of Hualalai Volcano and then decreases to approximately 2000 meters. Western Hawai'i has a dense rain gauge network and changes in precipitation in the last several decades have been observed, though the rate sand significance of change is unclear. This study introduces a new method of integrated spatial analysis aimed at representing spatial trends in more detail. Using the Rainfall Atlas of Hawai'i, produced by the University of Hawai'i at Manoa, spatial trends from 1978-2007 were studied by annually adjusting the 30-year climate normal and calculating residuals between adjusted and observed precipitation. The Mann-Kendall and Sen's Slope statistical tests were used spatially to determine the rate and significance of change. This method was then compared with spatial interpolation by inverse distance weighting (IDW) and ordinary kriging to assess the differences in methods. Results from the integrated spatial analysis show an annual decrease of -8.42 x 10⁶ m³/year across the entire study area and a decrease of -4.62 x 10⁶ m³/year when only significant areas are considered. This can be compared with -10.8 x 10⁶ m³/year total and -0.64 x 10⁶ m³/year in significant areas from IDW and -8.41 x 10⁶ m³/year and -1.31 x 10⁶ m³/year respectively from ordinary kriging. On a monthly basis, both the integrated spatial analysis and IDW yield similar trends regarding an increase or decrease in the net volume entering the aquifer, however IDW underestimates the overall magnitude. The introduced integrated spatial analysis method provides an improved assessment of spatial trends that, while not limited to precipitation, can assist in broadening the limited knowledge of spatial precipitation trends across the globe
Precipitation and temperature changes and their effect on groundwater along the Kona coast of Hawai'i
Get PDF2015 Spring.Includes bibliographical references.Water resources are an important part of the Hawaiian cultural tradition, and a shift to a warmer, dryer climate may initiate physical and biological changes that would inhibit the practice of Native Hawaiian cultural traditions by altering the coastal ecosystem resources such as those found within Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park. The high degree of spatial heterogeneity and numerous microclimates on the Island of Hawai'i motivated an in-depth analysis of changes in precipitation and temperature occurring during the time since the park was established in 1978 up to the year 2010 at stations located within the regional recharge area for the Kona aquifer system. The potential long-term implications of changes in climate to groundwater recharge were also modeled using stochastic techniques. A statistical analysis was conducted on annual, winter, and summer precipitation and minimum and maximum temperature climate records using the Mann-Kendall test to detect the presence of a monotonic increasing or decreasing trend at significance levels of alpha = 0.1, 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001. The similarities and differences between station records were further evaluated by a double mass analysis of the same precipitation datasets. The changes identified during trend analysis were used to create synthetic realizations of temperature and rainfall patterns 50 years into the future using stochastic modeling techniques. The future realizations were analyzed to evaluate changes in net precipitation and the potential effect on groundwater recharge. Within the Kona aquifer recharge area there is evidence of diverse changes in rainfall that have taken place over recent decades. 13 out of 15 stations evaluated for changes in rainfall have decreasing trends during the 1978 to 2010 time period and over their entire observation record. Decreases in annual rainfall range from 30mm to 250mm per decade with the majority of declines occurring in the summer season. Almost half of the stations had significant changes in rainfall during the summer season, but none of the changes in winter rainfall were significant. The trends displayed in both rainfall and temperature when modeled 50 years into the future indicate declines in net precipitation ranging from 6 to 48% compared to the modeled stationary 50 year mean. All of the modeled scenarios indicated a decline in the number of days with rainfall for all of the locations with the decline resulting in four locations having a season with no rainfall at all. Large declines in modeled net precipitation such as these would affect the overall amount of recharge to the regional aquifer. In an island ecosystem, the constant pressure of saltwater intrusion and the input of freshwater recharge creates a delicate balance of fresh and saline water underground. Any change in net precipitation that affects recharge could disrupt that delicate balance allowing increased saltwater intrusion along the coastline and within the Park
Meeting one's maker : commemoration and consumer choice in York Cemetery
Get PDFAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DXN061778 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo
