1,175 research outputs found
KK-DUALITY FOR SELF-SIMILAR GROUPOID ACTIONS ON GRAPHS
No full textWe extend Nekrashevych’s KK-duality for C∗-algebras of regular, recurrent, contracting self-similar group actions to regular, contracting self-similar groupoid actions on a graph, removing the recurrence condition entirely and generalising from a finite alphabet to a finite graph. More precisely, given a regular and contracting self-similar groupoid (G, E) acting faithfully on a finite directed graph E, we associate two C∗-algebras, O(G, E) and Ô(G, E), to it and prove that they are strongly Morita equivalent to the stable and unstable Ruelle C*-algebras of a Smale space arising from a Wieler solenoid of the self-similar limit space. That these algebras are Spanier-Whitehead dual in KK-theory follows from the general result for Ruelle algebras of irreducible Smale spaces proved by Kaminker, Putnam, and the last author
K-theory for group C*-algebras
No full textThese notes are based on a lecture course given by the first author in the Sedano Winter School on K-theory held in Sedano, Spain, on January 22-27th of 2007. They aim at introducing K-theory of C*-algebras, equivariant K-homology and KK-theory in the context of the Baum-Connes conjectur
[[alternative]]Shape and KK Masses
No full text[[abstract]]我們討論在六維時空模型中，額外維度空間的形狀對現象學的影響。兩個以週期性條件緊緻化的維度可以夾角Θ，此角對Kaluza-Klein態的質量有很大影響。我們特別考慮Θ<<1的情況，大部分的KK態質量會比Θ=90°時大很多，但是有一群KK態的質量會相較下小很多，我們討論這些Light KK態的KK數n1、n2滿足哪些條件，並以一個具體Θ為例找出最輕的一些KK態，這些態通常具有蠻大的KK數。如果在Universal Extra Dimension模型中來討論，KK數守恆會造成許多Light KK態無法衰變，而形成穩定粒子，這些粒子可能成為黑物質。
Fucoxanthin promotes translocation and induction of glucose transporter 4 in skeletal muscles of diabetic/obese KK-Ay mice
No full textFucoxanthin (Fx) isolated from Undaria pinnatifida suppresses the development of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia of diabetic/obese KK-Ay mice after two weeks of feeding 0.2% Fx-containing diet. In the soleus muscle of KK-Ay mice that were fed Fx, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation to plasma membranes from cytosol was promoted. On the other hand, Fx increased GLUT4 expression levels in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle, although GLUT4 translocation tended to increase. The expression levels of insulin receptor (IR) mRNA and phosphorylation of Akt, which are in upstream of the insulin signaling pathway regulating GLUT4 translocation, were also enhanced in the soleus and EDL muscles of the mice fed Fx. Furthermore, Fx induced peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), which has been reported to increase GLUT4 expression, in both soleus and EDL muscles. These results suggest that in diabetic/obese KK-Ay mice, Fx improves hyperglycemia by activating the insulin signaling pathway, including GLUT4 translocation, and inducing GLUT4 expression in the soleus and EDL muscles, respectively, of diabetic/obese KK-Ay mice
The dietary effect of milk sphingomyelin on the lipid metabolism of obese/diabetic KK-A(y) mice and wild-type C57BL/6J mice
No full textPurified milk sphingomyelin (SM) was obtained from lipid concentrated butter serum (LC-BS) by successive separations involving solvent fractionation, selective saponification, and silicic acid column chromatography. The SM obtained was given to obese/diabetic KK-A(y) mice and wild-type C57BL/6J mice. SM supplementation significantly increased fecal lipids paralleled with a decrease in non-HDL cholesterol levels in the serum and neutral lipids and in cholesterol levels in the livers of KK-A(y) mice. The reduction of liver lipid levels also resulted in a decrease in the total fatty acid content of the KK-A(y) mice livers, while n-3 fatty acids derived from the conversion of a-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) increased due to SM supplementation. In contrast to the KK-A(y) mice, little change in the serum and liver lipids was observed in wild-type C57BL/6J mice. The present study suggests that SM may be effective only in subjects with metabolic disorders
KK-duality for self-similar groupoid actions on graphs
No full textWe extend Nekrashevych’s KK-duality for C∗-algebras of regular, recurrent, contracting self-similar group actions to regular, contracting self-similar groupoid actions on a graph, removing the recurrence condition entirely and generalising from a finite alphabet to a finite graph.
More precisely, given a regular and contracting self-similar groupoid (G, E) acting faithfully on a finite directed graph E, we associate two C∗-algebras, O(G, E) and̂ O(G, E), to it and prove that they are strongly Morita equivalent to the stable and unstable Ruelle C*-algebras of a Smale space arising from a Wieler solenoid of the self-similar limit space. That these algebras are Spanier-Whitehead dual in KK-theory follows from the general result for Ruelle algebras of irreducible Smale spaces proved by Kaminker, Putnam, and the last author
Some remarks on the justification of the judgment of the Supreme Court of November 6, 2012 (ref. V KK 139/12)
No full textW glosie autor krytycznie odnosi się do uzasadnienia wyroku Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 6 listopada 2012 r. (sygn. V KK 139/12). Sąd zmienił zaskarżony wyrok dożywotniego pozbawienia wolności poprzez wyznaczenie surowszego ograniczenia do skorzystania z warunkowego zwolnienia (dopiero po odbyciu 40 lat pozbawienia wolności). Zdaniem autora takie rozstrzygnięcie narusza regułę ne peius. Sąd błędnie zinterpretował art. 454 § 3 Kodeksu postępowania karnego poprzestając jedynie na jego językowej wykładni, bez odniesienia się do wartości leżących u jego podstaw.In this commentary the author criticizes the justification of the judgment of the Supreme Court of 6 November 2012 (ref. V KK 139/12). The Court changed the contested judgment of life imprisonment by imposing stricter restriction to be released on parole (after completing 40 years of imprisonment). According to the author such conclusion violates ne peius rule. The Court misinterpreted art. 454 § 3 of the Code of Criminal Procedure by limiting himself only to the linguistic interpretation, without reference to its underlying values
"To Speak Your Truth": Dialogues on Political Theatre and the Troubles
No full textThis essay is structured in two sections: At the outset, Bill McDonnell provides an overview of the broader political and cultural context which produced Belfast Community Theatre, and other significant grass-roots Republican community theatres from the 1970s. Together, and especially in the case of Republican theatre groups, the essay argues that they constitute the only radical theatres in post-1945 Britain and Ireland to meet Erwin Piscator’s stringent criteria for a political theatre. This is followed by a series of dialogues on theatre and the war in the north of Ireland, which take up the larger part of the essay. The dialogues took place over the period 1985-2000, and foreground the political and theatre philosophy of one of the pivotal figures in Republican cultural activism in West Belfast during the Troubles, Joe Reid, co-founder with Marie McKnight of Belfast Community Theatre (1984). These conversations are embedded in a personal and political relationship between McDonnell and Reid, mediated by a mutual commitment to political theatre and its role as part of a broader nexus of cultural activism.
Squalene modulates fatty acid metabolism: Enhanced EPA/DHA in obese/diabetic mice (KK-A(y)) model
No full textBiosynthesis of long-chain n-3 fatty acids from precursors is limited. In vivo effect of squalene (SQ) on the metabolic fate of n-3 fatty acid precursors in obese/diabetic KK-A(y) rodent model was evaluated in our work. Soybean oil, being rich in ALA (18:3 n-3; a known precursor of EPA/DHA), was chosen as the n-3 fatty acid precursor rich source. A high-fat diet (20%) containing 7% soybean oil (SO) was fed to obesity/diabetes-prone male KK-A(y) mice (control). In the case of diets fed to test groups, soybean oil was replaced with 5% SO and 2% SQ. Hepatic DHA levels increased (four fold) in SQ fed group over control (p<0.05). Gene and protein expressions of (5) and (6) desaturases, key enzymes involved in the fatty acid metabolism, further supported the results. Also, SQ exhibited a hypotriglyceridemic and hypoglycemic effect. The results clearly indicated the effect of SQ in modulating the n-3 fatty acid metabolism, including EPA/DHA synthesis in the presence of n-3 fatty acid precursor. This is the first report of enhancement of in vivo DHA/EPA by SQ and in turn, modulating the physiological fatty acid profile. Practical applications: Squalene (SQ) is an important marine biofunctional material that is found in some terrestrial sources as well. Squalene, being a cholesterol precursor, forms an interesting subject of research for its effect in vivo. SQ significantly enhanced proportions of EPA and/or DHA when their n-3 fatty acid precursors were available in the diet. The study further establishes the usefulness of SQ in functional food formulations. The work provides an important basis for further evaluation of the role of SQ in normal and disease conditions.KK-A(y) mice were fed high fat/sucrose diet to induce obesity/diabetes. Fat source in control diet was lard and soybean oil while experimental group diet contained 2% squalene+13% lard+5% soybean oil. Feeding squalene for 4weeks modulated fatty acid metabolism with increased docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and decrease in triglycerides (TG), compared to control. The enhanced DHA in the fatty acid profile was supported by upregulated mRNA expression of (5)-desaturase enzyme and protein expression of (5) and (6) desaturases (FADS1 and FADS2). Additionally, squalene had a hypoglycemic effect in the mice
Selectivity for opioid receptor subtypes of enkephalin analogues in isolated smooth muscle and in the analgesic effect in mice.
No full textSelectivity for opioid receptor subtypes of enkephalin analogues (KK-1, -2, -3 and -4) of Tyr moiety on the N-terminal, and Phe-ol group on the C-terminal, connected with the methylene group (n=1-4) were examined in isolated smooth muscle preparations and in the analgesic effect in mice. In the longitudinal muscle preparations of guinea pig ileum (GPI), morphine, U-50488H and all the enkephalin analogues inhibited electrically evoked contractions, and the inhibitory effects of morphine, KK-1, KK-2 and KK-3 were antagonized by naloxone with relatively high pA2 values, while that of U-50488H and KK-3 were preferentially antagonized by norbinaltorphimine. In the rabbit vas deferens preparations (RVD), on the other hand, U-50488H, KK-3 and KK-4 showed weak inhibitory effects and the inhibition of U-50488H and KK-3 were antagonized by norbinaltorphimine. By intrace-rebroventricularly (i.c.v.) injection, enkephalin analogues produced analgesia in the acetic acid (AcOH) writhing test, and the effect of KK-1 and KK-2 as well as morphine was antagonized by 1 mg/kg naloxone, while those of U-50488H and KK-3 were sensitive to 1 mg/kg Mr2266. In conclusion, enkephalin analogues with a short methylene chain between the functional groups, KK-1 and KK-2, mainly exert their effect through opioid μ-receptors, while those of longer chain, KK-3 and KK-4, act through k-receptors preferentially, and KK-3 is situated in the alternating point of the selectivity for μ-and k-receptors
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