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“Is It Desirable to Do Philosophy With Students in Their Second Language?”
No full textAdvocates of philosophizing with children report the benefits of the practice: tapping into a natural sense of wonder, cultivating the willingness to listen to others, developing critical reasoning, etc. A mother tongue shared by both students and teacher would go a long way in facilitating these learning processes. However, given that in many classrooms the language of instruction is not necessarily the students’ mother tongue, the question of the desirability of practicing philosophy with them arises. This paper considers some arguments in support of the negative response to this question: (a) children learning in a second language have limited vocabulary and their ways of expressing themselves are still undergoing development; (b) since young people do not yet have sufficient language skills, we cannot expect them to philosophize in a serious way; (c) linguistic deficiencies have led to the diminishing quality of education; making linguistically weak students engage in philosophy would be pedagogically disastrous. Counterarguments to each of these claims are then developed, pointing out that these operate on (a) a widespread misconception about children, (b) a possibly limited view of philosophy, and (c) an underestimation of the potential of philosophizing with children
Environment Education and the Ethics These Encourage: A Case for Outdoor Education in the Philippines
No full textThis paper discusses the role of environmental ethics and the values and motivations that can influence a person’s perspective and willingness to engage in pro-environment behavior. It explores the concept of outdoor education as an experience-based learning approach that has the potential to encourage pro-environment behavior by positively influencing the learner’s relationship with nature (ecosystemic), themselves (interpersonal), their community (intrapersonal), and the impacts of human societies on the environment (ekistic). It presents the possibilities of outdoor education as a strategy for strengthening environment education and the opportunities that can be explored through pursuing this approach in the Philippine setting
Plato’s Republic: The Role of Education in Democracy
No full textThis paper will take a closer look at how Plato’s Republic is relevant in today’s world, specifically to education and democracy, and how his very philosophy as represented by dialectic is the essential method of education that will enable and empower the people for a democracy. The ability to engage in Socratic elenchus, to stand up to the test of the dialectic, was intended as an exercise in the art of investigating truth, rather than to inculcate any particular set of principles, doctrines, or opinions. For democracy to work, the people in whose hands the power of the state is lodged must be trained in the program that Plato prescribed for the guardians. The curriculum must teach the students courage, the special excellence of the ‘spirit’ element in their souls, wisdom, the excellence of the ‘philosophic’ element, and temperance or self-control. Plato’s prescription of the training for the guardians in the Academy should very well be adopted for training of the citizenry if they are to be prepared for and capacitated for democracy. It is not just the philosopher-king that is necessary, but more importantly, it is the philosopher-citizen that will make democracy work and that will make democracy meaningful
Contested Javaneseness in Sociocultural Documentaries of the Post-New Order Indonesia
Full text linkThis article fleshes out how two Indonesian sociocultural-themed documentary films of the post-New Order era articulate the counter-imaginaries of Javaneseness. They are Jamu (Javanese Traditional Medicine) and Kulo Ndiko Sami (We are Brothers). The emergence of bringing the issue of Javaneseness to light has its cause on its complex politicization in the New Order regime. Javaneseness was ideologically manipulated as the hegemonic narrative of the state to construct an image of Indonesian society. Javaneseness incorporated by the regime was of a desired aristocratic model in combination with other non-Javanese worldviews.This desired strand of imagining was then politically used to simplify the whole gamut of Javanese cultures and marginalize other ethnic cultures. With the collapse of the New Order, sociocultural activists and filmmakers of the grassroots regarded the burgeoning of independent documentary filmmaking as momentum to utilize documentary film as a medium to project alternative interpretations of Javaneseness. The article proposes a symptomatic reading of the examined films by looking at their aesthetics and ideological aspects framed and situatedwithin the oppositional views of the imagined community by Benedict Anderson and Partha Chatterjee. By drawing on the films’ aesthetics and ideologies that articulate Javaneseness, this article aims to show two points. First, the counter-imaginaries of the New Order’s Javaneseness are projected through the documentaries and such projections prove to be dynamic. Second, inclusive views on how to represent ethnicities in contemporary Indonesia need promulgating
Reborn Translated: Xiaolu Guo as a World Author
Full text linkThis paper introduces the concept of “world author,” taking as its exemplar the Chinese British writer and filmmaker Xiaolu Guo. It investigates how Guo utilizes her bilingualism to construct and negotiate her creative agency, especially when dealing with the political and commercial forces imposed on diasporic authors. Through engaging with Rebecca Walkowitz’s idea of world literature as being “born translated,” I point out that the translational should not be limited to the thematic and representational arrangements internal to a given text. Instead, translation as movements between linguistic systems and media forms can generate multipleversions of a text, to the point that such translational multiplicity fundamentally challenges its supposed singularity. This argument is demonstrated with Guo’s self-translation of the stories of Fenfang and her filmic adaptation of the novel UFO in Her Eyes. Through these examples of what I call “translational rebirths,” I demonstrate the importance of paratextual details and intertextual connections between clusters of an author’s creative output for the interpretation and appreciation of l’oeuvre d’un auteur instead of une oeuvre d’art. This case study also shows the need for the academic debates on world literature to go beyond the singularity of texts and evaluative criteria of worldliness based on this assumption, so that the discipline can realize its full potential in accommodating multilingual transnational authors like Guo
Book Review
Full text linkAlbert Monshan Wu. From Christ to Confucius: German Missionaries, Chinese Christians, and the Globalization of Christianity, 1860–1950. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2016. 344 pp