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フィリピンにおけるフィールドスタディ報告－「当事者」との出会いから考える－
Full text linkThis paper summarizes the overview of the field study conducted in the Philippines from 29th of September to 4th of October 2019 under the framework of Saihanjuna and Mihara’s joint seminar. The program consisted of two themes; one was the issues on Japanese-Filipino Children (JFC), and the other was the issues on child welfare and
protection in the Philippines. Saihanjuna and Mihara supervised 18 undergraduate students who specialize in Family Sociology and Sociology of Education. We visited several organizations to learn about the history and the background of JFC related issues as well as other important issues such as sexual human trafficking to children and street children. As a prior learning, we organized preparatory seminars and provided reading assignment. As a post learning, the students prepared and made a presentation in English and received advice and comments from researchers in the Philippines. We also organized a debriefing session inviting other faculty members and students as well as general audience outside the university. This program was supported and partly financed by the discretionary budget of the President of Nagasaki University
γ-グルタミルトランスペプチダーゼ活性検出蛍光プローブを活用したヘリコバクター・ピロリ感染診断のための新規検査法の検討
Full text link長崎大学学位論文 [学位記番号]博（医歯薬）甲第1209号 [学位授与年月日]令和2年3月4
パフォーマンスステータス2/3のプラチナ抵抗性尿路上皮癌患者における4週毎の低用量ゲムシタビン・パクリタキセル治療
Full text link長崎大学学位論文 [学位記番号]博（医歯薬）甲第1217号 [学位授与年月日]令和2年3月19
The relative importance of diurnal and nocturnal pollinators of Platanthera hologlottis Maxim. (Orchidaceae)
Full text linkMost flowering plants are visited by various pollinator insects. To understand floral specialization for pollinators, the relative importance of different flower visitors to the focal plant species should be revealed. In the present study, we observed the insects that visited the orchid Platanthera hologlottis throughout the day and night using interval timer photography to reveal the relative importance of diurnal and nocturnal flower visitors. We observed visitation by both diurnal (e.g. the butterfly Ochlodes ochraceus) and nocturnal (e.g. the moth Thysanoplusia intermixta) insects and examined their relative contribution to fruit production and pollinarium removal experimentally. Results showed that the fitness was higher in flowers visited by nocturnal insects than in those visited by diurnal insects. These results suggest that the floral traits of P. hologlottis may be specialized for nocturnal flower visitors rather than diurnal flower visitors
Secondary Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis Following Treatment with Azacitidine for Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Full text linkSecondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (sPAP) is a complication of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). A 60-year-old woman was diagnosed with MDS with excess blasts-1. Fifty-four months after the initial diagnosis, treatment with azacitidine was initiated. Seventy-three months after the diagnosis, a bone marrow examination revealed increased myeloblasts, at which time computed tomography showed diffuse ground-glass opacities and interlobular septal thickening in the bilateral lower lung fields. A lung biopsy revealed the presence of PAP; therefore, the clinical diagnosis of MDS/sPAP was confirmed. Careful attention should be paid to the development of sPAP in MDS patients with pulmonary lesions during azacitidine treatment
Distribution and pyrethroid resistance status of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus populations and possible phylogenetic reasons for the recent invasion of Aedes aegypti in Nepal
Full text linkBackground: When the first systematic list of mosquitoes in Nepal was reported in 1990, there was no description of Aedes aegypti (L.), while Aedes albopictus (Skuse) has been included in the Stegomyia subgroup since the 1950s. The first record of Ae. aegypti in Nepal was reported in 2009, suggesting some coincidence between the invasion of this species and the first record of dengue fever in Nepal in 2006. Results: We performed a field survey of the distribution and insecticide susceptibility of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in Nepal in 2017 and 2018. Mosquito larvae were collected from used tires located along the streets of Kathmandu, Bharatpur and Pokhara, and a simplified bioassay was used to assess the susceptibility of the larvae to pyrethroid insecticides using d-allethrin. The presence or absence of point mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel was also detected by direct sequencing. V1016G was detected at a high frequency and a strong correlation was observed between the frequencies of V1016G and susceptibility indices in Ae. aegypti populations. F1534C was also detected at a relatively low frequency. In Ae. albopictus populations, susceptibilities to d-allethrin were high and no point mutations were detected. Analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene was performed for assessing genetic diversity and the existence of two strains were identified in Ae. aegypti populations. One consisted of 9 globally-distributed haplotypes while the other was derived from an African haplotype. Conclusions: The high pyrethroid resistance, high V1016G frequency, and relatively low quantity of insecticides used to control dengue vectors in Nepal may have resulted in only weak selection pressure favoring insecticide resistance and could support the hypothesis that this species has recently been introduced from neighboring Asian countries where pyrethroid resistance is relatively widespread.[Figure not available: see fulltext.
The effect of luseogliflozin on bone microarchitecture in older patients with type 2 diabetes: study protocol for a randomized controlled pilot trial using second-generation, high-resolution, peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT)
Full text linkBACKGROUND: Older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an increased risk of bone fracture independent of their bone mineral density (BMD), which is explained mainly by the deteriorated bone quality in T2DM compared to that in non-diabetic adults. Sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors have been studied in several trials in T2DM, and the Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study showed an increased fracture risk related to treatment with the SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin, although no evidence of increased fracture risk with treatment with other SGLT2 inhibitors has been reported. The mechanism of the difference in the fracture risk between the SGLT2 inhibitors is unknown, but the differences among the SGLT2 inhibitors in the selectivity of SGLT2 against SGLT1 may affect bone metabolism, since among the SGLT2 inhibitors the selectivity of canagliflozin is lowest. We will investigate whether the SGLT2 inhibitor luseogliflozin, which has the higher SGLT2 selectivity, affects bone metabolism by using high-resolution, peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) which provides direct in vivo morphometric information about the bone microarchitecture. METHODS/DESIGN: This is a single-center, randomized, open-label, active-controlled, parallel pilot trial. Eligible participants are older (age ≥ 60 years) individuals with T2DM with HbA1c levels at 7.0-8.9%. A total of 24 participants will be allocated to either the luseogliflozin group (taking luseogliflozin) or the control group (taking metformin) in a 1:1 ratio to compare the groups' changes in bone microarchitecture of the radius and tibia which are analyzed by HR-pQCT before and at 48 weeks after the administration of each medication. The laboratory data associated with glycemic control and bone metabolism will be collected every 12 weeks during the study. Recruitment began in June 2019. DISCUSSION: The reason that we use metformin as an active control is to avoid yielding differences in glycemic control between the luseogliflozin and control groups. Besides, metformin is considered to have a neutral effect on bone. This trial should reveal the effect of luseogliflozin on bone metabolism in older patients with T2DM. TRIAL REGISTRATION:The study was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN000036202) on 1 April 2019 and with the Japan Registry of Clinicla Trials (jRCTs071180061) on 14 March 2019