1,721,526 research outputs found
Penafsiran ‘Ismah dalam kitab Al-Mizan Fi Tafsir Al-Qur’an karya Muhammad Husayn Al-Tabataba’i
Full text linkPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh subjektivitas penafsiran ‘is}mah di kalangan ulama baik Sunni maupun Syiah, sebagai afirmasi terhadap konsep ‘is}mah pada masing-masing kelompok, sehingga terbatas hanya pada perdebatan. Sementara konteks saat ini membutuhkan penafsiran yang lebih merespon problem kontemporer, sesuai spirit al-Qur’an sebagai salih li kull zaman wa makan. Salah satu karya tafsir yang dipandang mampu meminimalisir subjektivitas penafsiran dengan metodenya, sekaligus merespon kondisi umat adalah tafsir al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Qur’an karya al-Tabataba’i. Ada tiga hal yang menjadi persoalan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu; Pertama, Bagaimana penafsiran al-Tabataba’i tentang ‘ismah dalam tafsir al-Mizan?. Kedua, Bagaimana objektivitas dan kontinuitas penafsiran ‘ismah al-Tabataba’i?. Ketiga, Bagaimana implikasi konsep ‘ismah al-Tabataba’i terhadap kemaksuman manusia biasa?. Data yang diperoleh darinya dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori objektivitas (al-Mawdu’iyyah) melalui metode al-Fasl dengan tiga langkah prosedural; pendekatan struktural, analisis historis dan kritik ideologi untuk memperoleh as}alat al-Nas (orisinalitas teks) dari ayat-ayat ‘ismah yang digunakan al-Tabataba’i. Sehingga dengan begitu akan diuji objektivitas penafsirannya. Selanjutnya sebagai upaya memperoleh kontektstualitas penafsiran ‘ismah menggunakan teori kontinuitas (al-Istimrariyah) yang dilakukan melalui metode al-Wasl. Hasil dari penelitian yang dilakukan menemukan hal berikut: Pertama, ‘ismah dalam penafsiran al-Tabataba’I merupakan pencapaian diri (eksistensi) yang berasal dari pengetahuan khusus (‘ilm al-huduri) yang diberikan Allah kepada orang-orang tertentu yang memiliki tingkat ketaqwaan tinggi, yang dicapainya melalui iradah dan ikhtiyarnya. Kedua, berdasarkan teori objektivitas, al-Tabataba’i dapat dinyatakan tidak cukup objektif dalam menafsirkan ayat-ayat ‘is}mah, karena masih terpengaruh dengan kondisi sosial-politik pada masanya dan juga ideologi kemazhabannya.Ketiga, sebagai implikasi dari konsep ‘ismah al-Tabataba’i, manusia biasa berpotensi mencapai tingkat “kemaksuman” dengan mewujudkan eksistensinya sebagai manusia, yang menjaga diri dari perbuatan yang mengkhianati nilai-nilai kemanusiaannya
Reading Indonesian and Malaysian Young Adult Novels: Capturing the Image of Young Muslim Women in Indonesia and Malaysia
Full text linkA number of novel remaja, which mean young adult novels, written by women writers from Indonesia and Malaysia have been published. Writing competitions held by book publishers and language centers have also encouraged the production of the novels. However, since they address youth as their readers and tend to consider the characters, issues, language, and values that appeal to the modern young adult; therefore, some critics say that the novels only respond to the demands of the reader market and they are less creative and lack of quality. In this paper I demonstrate the value of Indonesian and Malaysian novel remaja by examining four novels which are Siti Zaleha M. Hashim’s Biarkan Kupu-Kupu Terbang (“Let the Butterfly Fly”), Rumah Cinta Kelana (“The Love House of Kelana”), written by Sofie Dewayani, Nisah Haron’s Mencari Locus Standi (“Finding the Defense Locus”), and Jadilah Purnamaku Ning written by Khilma Anis. I argue that those novels do not only explore young adults’ feelings, including romance, fear, sadness, happiness, and challenges, but they also describe important themes which may inspire young readers, such as how young Muslim women deal with their identity formation, living in a single mother family, and polygamy. Novel-novel remaja karya penulis perempuan banyak diterbitkan di Indonesia dan Malaysia. Lomba menulis yang diadakan oleh penerbit buku dan pusat bahasa juga mendorong banyaknya produksi novel-novel tersebut. Namun, karena novel remaja menyasar remaja sebagai pembacanya, novel tersebut ditulis dengan mempertimbangkan karakter, isu, bahasa, dan nilai-nilai yang menarik bagi remaja modern. Sehingga, beberapa kritikus mengatakan bahwa novel remaja hanya menjawab tuntutan pasar pembaca dan kurang kreatif serta berkualitas. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan nilai positif novel remaja yang terbit di Indonesia dan Malaysia dengan menelaah empat novel. Yaitu, Biarkan Kupu-Kupu Terbang karya Siti Zaleha M. Hashim, Rumah Cinta Kelana yang ditulis oleh Sofie Dewayani, Mencari Locus Standi karya Nisah Haron, dan Jadilah Purnamaku Ning yang ditulis oleh Khilma Anis. Saya berpendapat bahwa novel-novel tersebut tidak hanya mengeksplorasi perasaan remaja, termasuk percintaan, ketakutan, kesedihan, kebahagiaan, dan tantangan hidup, tetapi juga menggambarkan tema-tema penting yang dapat menginspirasi pembaca remaja. Misalnya, tema tentang bagaimana remaja Muslim perempuan menjalani proses pembentukan jati diri, hidup bersama keluarga dengan ibu tunggal, dan poligami, bahkan juga mengkritisi ketimpangan posisi perempuan di dalam masyarakat
Ismah of the Prophets in Mu'tazila
No full textIsmah, one of the special attributes of Prophets in Kalam, is also adopted by Mu'tazila. Ismah is necessary in Mu'tazila for the safety of revelation and for the Prophet to be successful in risala duties. This quality, which the Messenger of Allah has before his prophethood, means he is immune from sins, indecent behavior, disgraceful act, bad moral structure and temperament that would arouse hatred and cause people to stay away from him. Prophet stays away from sin through his own will, and therefore he is not exempt from the proposal. He may commit small sins that won't arouse hatred, but which will lead to lack of merit. Indeed, the prophet is a mortal he is like other people except for his notification duty. Therefore he is also faulted in his humanly speech and decisions. As a result, ismah in Mu'tazila is regarded as a quality that protects the prophethood status. In this context, the quality that Mu'tazila persistently underlines is "not to arouse hatred". The main reason of the fact that they claim only acts that wouldn't arouse hatred could come out of the prophet is because they don't want to harm the confidence in prophetic institution In Mu'tazila, the bases of ismah are miracles, salah-aslah (God does for men what is to their greatest advantage, benefit) and justice principle, the principle of grace and prophet of hujjat. Accordingly, God has bestowed his favor on people by sending the prophet to let them know their interests. For this favor to be the greatest, it is necessary that he is innocent. The fact that he is supported by his miracles, and he is hujjat also requires protection. Otherwise, a non-innocent prophet may not reach his goal in Risala task. And this is incompatible with the fact that God is fair
Au-compensated high resistivity silicon for low loss microwave devices - suppression of parasitic surface conduction effect
No full textDeep-level doping compensation process using elemental gold is used to create high resistivity silicon substrate for microwave application. Gold atoms are introduced into low resistivity Czochralski silicon substrates through an ion-implantation process and activated via high-temperature annealings. The highest substrate resistivity recorded for optimised substrates is 60 k-cm. A constant attenuation value of 0.19 dB/mm is measured at 20 GHz for a bias voltage range of -6 V to +6 V, for coplanar waveguides fabricated on this type of substrate, indicating full suppression of parasitic surface conduction effect at microwave frequencies. The attenuation results are supported by the capacitance-voltage characteristics, where the substrate is seen to be insensitive towards bias voltage. Based on a finite element analysis, this effect is caused by the reduced number of free carriers in the substrate and the increased interface trap densities at the oxide-silicon interface. Optimisation of substrate-processing stages are presented in this work. It is shown that the combination of slow-cooling and quenching for activation annealing provide a higher resistivity enhancement and a lower attenuation compared to single annealing. The removal of the near surface gold to increase substrate's resistivity is found to be unnecessary as it does not provide reduced attenuation. It can therefore be avoided to reduce process complexity. The influence of oxide type is studied, and thermal oxidation is seen to be unsuitable for oxide passivation. Bias-dependent attenuation characteristics suggest gold out-diffusion during the high-temperature treatment. Reactively sputtered oxides do, however, give excellent performance. In addition to coplanar waveguides attenuation responses, quality factor performance of meander inductors fabricated on gold-compensated high resistivity silicon substrate is evaluated. A higher quality factor is recorded for all inductance values for Au-compensated high resistivity silicon compared to Float-zone silicon. The highest quality factor value of 14 is measured for 0.7-nH inductors
The Ismah of the prophets in Fahreddin Er-Razi
No full textPeygamberlere iman, İslâm dininin temel esaslarından birisidir. O yüzdendir ki, dinin esaslarından birisini teşkil etmesi bakımından peygamberler hakkında doğru bilgiye ihtiyaç vardır. Bu gerekçeyle, bu çalışmada İslâm inancına göre peygamberlerde bulunan özelliklerden "ismet" sıfatı ele alınmaktadır. Nitekim çalışmamızda ilk olarak konunun daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için ilgili kavramın anlam ve mahiyetine dair bilgilere yer verilmiştir. Daha sonra ise, ismet sıfatının ekoller bazındaki anlaşılma şekillerine geçilmiş ve ismet kavramı bu sayede kelam ekolleri ve tasavvuf düşüncesinin perspektifinden değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Görüldüğü gibi bu çalışmanın asıl teması, Fahreddin Râzî'nin Peygamberlerin ismet sıfatı hakkındaki görüşleridir. Zira Fahreddin Râzî, farklı eserlerinde ismet konusunda açıklamalarda bulunmuş, ayrıca sadece bu konuya tahsis ettiği İsmetü'l-enbiyâ adlı bir eser de telif etmiştir. Onun ismet hakkındaki düşüncesini ortaya koymaya yönelik olan bu çalışmada Râzî'nin ilgili eserlerinden faydalanılarak, konu hakkındaki genel düşüncesi açıklanmaya çalışılmış, muhtelif grupların peygamberlerin masumiyeti aleyhine ileri sürdüğü iddialara Râzî'nin yaptığı eleştiriler ve verdiği cevaplar konu edilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada Râzî'nin iddiaları cevaplarken kullandığı akli ve nakli delillere de yer verilmiştir.Belief in prophets is one of the fundamental principles of Islam. Therefore, there is a need for accurate information about the prophets in order to constitute one of the pillars of religion. For this reason, in this study, according to the belief in Islam, the characteristics of the Prophet "ismah " is considered. As a matter of fact, in our study, information about the meaning and nature of the related concept is given in order to better understand the subject. Later, the concept of Ismah was studied from the perspective of Kalam schools and Sufism. As you can see, the main theme of this study is the opinions of Fahreddin Razi about the prophets ' ismah. Fahreddin Razi made statements about Ismah in his various works, and only a work named Ismetü'l-Enbiya has been published. In this study, which aims to reveal his opinion on Ismah, the general idea of the subject was tried to be explained, and the criticisms made by Razi and the answers given to the claims of various groups against the innocence of the prophets were discussed. In addition, the study included evidence that Razi used to answer the allegations
Konsep 'Ismah dalam Perspektif Syi'ah Isna 'Asyariyah dan Implikasinya terhadap Kajian Hadis
Full text linkThis Study is based on two foundamental facts, which are found in the infallibility doctrin of Shi’a Isna ‘Asharia. Firstly, the facts relating to the polemic among Shi’ite factions in understanding the infallibility (‘ismah). Secondly, the doctrin of infallibility (‘ismah), that still problematic were used as areferenced in the study of hadith verification by the Shi’a.
Starting from two facts above, this study attempts to measure the level of authenticity of infallibility thought of Shi’a as traditional teachings of Islam, as they put forward for this. Besides, to analyze critically the significance of the application of the infallibility doctrine of Shi’a as hadith criticism in their paradigm.
This research is a study of nature literature (library research), which based on primary and secondary data. Primary data obtained from the works of scholars and the main Shi’a authoritative figures. The secondary data obtained from various sources of support that are relevant to the theme of the research.
Discussion method in this study using normative - theological approach with reference to the principle of al-ruju’ ila kitabillah wa al-sunnah al-maqbulah, where the thinking of ‘ismah Shi’a faced reality concepts Qur'an and sunnah of prophet Muhammad SAW. For authenticity critically examined as part of the true teachings of Islam.
The results of this study indicate doctrine 'ismah Shi’a difficult to accepted as part of the concepts of Islam, because it tends to be based on pure reason postulates the exclusion of religious texts exist. Thus, the significance of its application in the study of Hadith verification certainly not objective and tend to be sectarian
For The Sake of An Infallible Authority: An Analysis of Sectarian Approaches to The Belief In ‘ismah
No full textThis research analyses the notion of ‘ismah, believed to be a natural faculty of the prophets (and the Imams in Shi’ite case) that protects them from sin, even though they are capable of committing sin. The following questions have naturally played a central role in the formation and construction of the subject: is it possible for a human being to be infallible? Is it rational to believe that Allāh, the Creator and Sustainer of the Universe, would send forth a fallible or sinful man to guide mankind? As of yet the questions of just what 'ismah really is and who exactly are the infallible ones have not been settled. With those questions in mind, this research seeks to provide a detailed sectarian analysis on the matter of the infallibility of prophets or imams. The views of classical scholars on the concept of ‘ismah will initially be examined, then Sunni and Shi’ite perspectives of the infallibility doctrine will be addressed in depth, as it appears to have been one of the essential religious teachings of both. Afterwards, selected Qur`ānic passages (in which the prophets, specifically Adam and the Prophet Muḥammad, are warned and ask for forgiveness) will be scrutinized not to discuss the question of whether the prophets are fallible or infallible, but to understand and decode the nature and concept of ‘ismah
Ismah of the Prophets in Mu'tazila
No full textKelamda peygamberin özel sıfatlarından birisi olan ismet, Mu'tezile tarafından da benimsenmiştir. Mu'tezile'de ismet vahyin selameti ve peygamberin risâlet görevinde muvaffakiyeti için gereklidir. Bu sıfat, Allah Resulünün nübüvvet vazifesi öncesinden başlamak üzere nefret uyandıracak ve kendisinden uzaklaşılmasına neden olacak günah, davranış, yüz kızartıcı fiil, ahlaki yapı ve mizaçtan korunması demektir. Peygamber, kendi iradesiyle günahtan uzak kalmaktadır ve dolayısıyla da tekliften muaf değildir. O nefret uyandırmayan ama sevap azlığına neden olan küçük günahı işleyebilir. Nitekim peygamber de bir beşerdir ve tebliğ vazifesinin dışında diğer insanlar gibidir. Bu yüzden de insanî ve ictihadî söz ve kararlarında hatayla mualleldir. Neticede Mu'tezile'de ismet sıfatı peygamberlik müessesesini koruma odaklıdır. Bu bağlamda Mu'tezile'nin ısrarla altını çizdiği nitelik "nefret uyandırmama"dır. Onların peygamberden ancak nefret uyandırmayan fiillerin sadır olacağını savunmalarının temel nedeni de peygamberlik müessesine olan güveni sarsmamak içindir Mu'tezile'de ismetin dayanakları mucize, salah-aslah ve adalet prensibi, lütuf ilkesi ve peygamberin hüccet olmasıdır. Buna göre Allah, peygamberi, insanlara maslahatlarını bildirmesi için göndererek lütufta bulunmuştur. Bu maslahatın, lütfun en güçlü şekilde gerçekleşmesi için onun masum olması elzemdir. Onun mucize ile desteklenmesi ve hüccet olması da korunmuşluğu gerektirmektedir. Zira masum olmayan peygamber, risâlet görevinde hedefine ulaşamayabilir. Bu ise Allah'ın âdil olması ile bağdaşmazIsmah, one of the special attributes of Prophets in Kalam, is also adopted by Mu'tazila. Ismah is necessary in Mu'tazila for the safety of revelation and for the Prophet to be successful in risala duties. This quality, which the Messenger of Allah has before his prophethood, means he is immune from sins, indecent behavior, disgraceful act, bad moral structure and temperament that would arouse hatred and cause people to stay away from him. Prophet stays away from sin through his own will, and therefore he is not exempt from the proposal. He may commit small sins that won't arouse hatred, but which will lead to lack of merit. Indeed, the prophet is a mortal he is like other people except for his notification duty. Therefore he is also faulted in his humanly speech and decisions. As a result, ismah in Mu'tazila is regarded as a quality that protects the prophethood status. In this context, the quality that Mu'tazila persistently underlines is "not to arouse hatred". The main reason of the fact that they claim only acts that wouldn't arouse hatred could come out of the prophet is because they don't want to harm the confidence in prophetic institution In Mu'tazila, the bases of ismah are miracles, salah-aslah (God does for men what is to their greatest advantage, benefit) and justice principle, the principle of grace and prophet of hujjat. Accordingly, God has bestowed his favor on people by sending the prophet to let them know their interests. For this favor to be the greatest, it is necessary that he is innocent. The fact that he is supported by his miracles, and he is hujjat also requires protection. Otherwise, a non-innocent prophet may not reach his goal in Risala task. And this is incompatible with the fact that God is fai
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