17 research outputs found
Transmesis: Dealing with Translation in Translation
No full textThe concept of transmesis – a relatively new coinage that even among the seasoned theoreticians and practitioners of translation sometimes elicits a bewildered “trans what?” – is perhaps best illustrated in the works of Jorge Louis Borges. His character Pierre Menard from the widely anthologized story “Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote,” for example, intends (apparently disregarding Horace’s famous “nec verbum verbo” reservation, if of course he happened to be familiar with it) “to produce a few pages which would coincide – word for word and line for line – with those of Miguel de Cervantes” (66). Borges’s “Library of Babel” in addition to the “the minutely detailed history of the future” also contains “the translation of every book in all languages” (Ficciones 81-82).</jats:p
МАЛОВІДОМА КУЛІШЕВА БРОШУРА 1846 РОКУ
No full textThe paper deals with the edition of “A pocket book for landowners or The best way to run the landed property, as the experience requires it”. The author traces back the literary source of the leafl et and specifi es the differences between this source and the text written by Panteleymon Kulish. He also throws light on literary and cultural context of the idyll depicted in the book.У статті розглядається видання “Карманная книжка для помещиков, или Лучший, извлеченный из опыта способ управлять имением”. З’ясовано літературне джерело брошури та змістові й композиційні відмінності між ним і текстом П. Куліша. Висвітлено літературно-культурний контекст зображеної ідилії
Functions and Artistic Specificity of Folk Earthenware in Customs and Rituals of the Calendar Cycle of the Ukrainians
No full text The given paper analyzes functions and artistic features of Ukrainian folk earthenware which was used in customs and rituals of the calendar year, predominantly while celebrating the biggest religious holidays, namely Christmas and Easter. In particular, the author explores such items as triple candlesticks, various earthenware meant for blessing holy water, other types of crockery, particularly pots, round pots, jugs, O-shaped flat jars, flat jars, bowls, makitras, doughnut bowls, goose, piglet and fish roasters, Easter bread moulds, baskets, Easter eggs etc. Folk earthenware has been examined through the context of preparations to and celebration of calendar holidays, which were associated with the beliefs the Ukrainian people had, as well as their analogues in other European people’s traditions
New records of Myotis alcathoe (Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera) in Ukraine
No full textA male Myotis alcathoe (FA = 32,1 mm, D5 = 41 mm, G = 4,1 g) was caught using mist-net on 12 September 2016 near the entrence of the Medova Cave (49°49'16,3"N, 24°05'23"E; 357 m a.s.l.), which is located in the southeastern outskirts of Lviv city (Western Ukraine). This is the first record of M.alcathoe in the city of Lviv. Observations of M. alcathoe at the cave entrance during the swarming period confirms the use of underground shelters by this species for hibernation. The species is part of the bat communities of old deciduous forests, which was confirmed by ultrasound investigations in summer
Transmesis in Slavic Literary Postmodernism: Understanding Translation through Fiction
No full textThis dissertation examines the phenomenon of transmesis — the mimesis or portrayal of translation in fiction — in three postmodernist novels in Ukrainian and Russian and their English translations: Yuri Andrukhovych’s Perverziia (translated by Michael Naydan), Serhiy Zhadan’s Depesh Mod (translated by Myroslav Shkandrij), and Viktor Pelevin’s Generation “П” (translated by Andrew Bromfield). My objective is to explore the use and identify the purposes of transmesis in fiction, to investigate issues of untranslatability to which it gives rise, and to identify the implications of transmesis for translation theory and practice. Transmesis, a term coined by Thomas Beebee, stands for the representation in fiction of translation, both as a process and a product, as well as for the portrayal of the figure of the translator in a fictional text. In a larger historico-theoretical framework, the concept of transmesis stands at the juncture of the so-called cultural and fictional turns in translation studies. While the former has been pivotal in expanding our understanding of translation as a cultural rather than merely a linguistic act, the latter has unraveled the potential of fictional portrayals of translation, not just as metaphors for the construction of identity and truth, but also as a source for advancing theoretical knowledge about translation. My research has been driven by two overarching questions: How do translators render transmetic episodes in novels into English while operating from the position of “retranslating,” or translating what allegedly already is a translation? How can transmesis complement other sources of knowledge about translation in order to reinvigorate translation theory and contribute to a translation philosophy? Analysis of the three novels, selected because they are viewed as postmodernist, have stylistic similarities, and prominently feature a theme of translation, is carried out from both practical and theoretical perspectives. The discussion of how the transmetic episodes in the novels are translated into English suggests that translators have struggled with capturing the nuances of transmesis, at times resorting to footnotes or even to omitting entire passages. It is primarily by distancing themselves from the original text, taking poetic license, and assuming the role of author that Naydan, Shkandrij, and Bromfield have managed to find creative solutions to some of the formidable transmetic challenges. The resulting discussion of the theoretical implications of transmesis reopens issues and subjects that are central to translation from a new perspective. These range from the problematic notion of equivalence and the often parodied image of translator’s (in)fidelity, to the translator’s often underappreciated work and “(in)visibility,” and from the various translation dichotomies (e.g. source language/target language, original/translation, author/translator, domesticate/foreignize, etc) and their problems, to more philosophical questions of sameness and difference and the role of intertextuality in translation. A close reading of the transmetic episodes in the three novels leads me to contend that translation should be primarily conceived as a playful and creative act rather than a merely reproductive one, and that solutions to the problem of untranslatability will be more plausible if translators, rather than striving for illusory sameness or similarity and being governed by adequacy and fidelity, approach their task as an intertextual and interpretative language game predicated on creative transformation
IFN-γ Induces Histone 3 Lysine 27 Trimethylation in a Small Subset of Promoters to Stably Silence Gene Expression in Human Macrophages
No full textSummaryThe mechanisms by which IFN-γ activates expression of interferon-stimulated genes that have inflammatory and host defense functions are well understood. In contrast, little is known about how IFN-γ represses gene expression. By using transcriptomic and epigenomic analysis, we found that stable repression of a small group of genes by IFN-γ is associated with recruitment of the histone methyltransferase EZH2 and deposition of the negative mark histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) at their promoters. Repressed genes included MERTK, PPARG, and RANK, which have anti-inflammatory functions and promote osteoclast differentiation. Gene repression and H3K27me3 persisted after IFN-γ signaling was terminated, and these silenced genes were no longer responsive to glucocorticoids, IL-4, and M-CSF. These results identify cytokine-induced H3K27 trimethylation as a mechanism that stabilizes gene silencing in macrophages. IFN-γ-induced macrophage activation is thus reinforced by a chromatin-based mechanism that blocks anti-inflammatory and opposing pathways
Пантелеймон Куліш – “перший справді національний писатель український”
No full textThe essay develops I. Franko’s statement about P. Kulish as the first truly national Ukrainian writer who aimed at working totally for the sake of his people’s needs. The author underlines that such a desire was Kulish’s natural urge, as the mentioned goal arose for him back in the first half of the 1840s. In particular, he planned to publish everything that vividly refl ected the life of the Ukrainians throughout centuries.
In the early period of his activity Kulish worked mainly as a folklorist. He recorded and studied Ukrainian folklore in its natural environment. This work resulted in a unique ethnological edition “The Notes on Southern Rus” as well as his widely known ‘farmstead philosophy’. Kulish’s writing activity evolved from his desire to provide a complex picture of his people’s centuries-long heroic history in the poetic epopee “Ukraine” to creating his fi rst Ukrainian historical novel “The Commoners’ Council.
A Chronicle of 1863”. The pan-Ukrainian level of “The Notes on Southern Rus” and “The Commoners’ Council” was supported with Kulish’s own phonetic spelling system, i.e. ‘kulishivka’ which laid the foundation of the modern orthography. Kulish’s writing and ethnological activity was also based on his urge to raise the contemporary Ukrainian language to the literary level. With such a purpose he published the almanac “Khata” (“The House”) and did a lot for the full-scale functioning of the first Ukrainian literary magazine “Osnova” (“The Foundation”). Kulish’s translation activity became another important part of his work as the first national writer. His translations of the Bible, works by W. Shakespeare, G. G. Byron, J. W. Goethe, F. Schiller and other outstanding classics of the world culture were signifi cant for all Ukraine.Стаття розвиває тезу І. Франка про П. Куліша як першого українського національного письменника. У ранній період Куліш відомий переважно як фольклорист – записував і досліджував народнопоетичну творчість у контексті її природного побутування. Письменницька праця П. Куліша – рух від намагання цілісно відтворити багатовікову героїчну історію народу в епопеї “Україна” до першого українського історичного роману “Чорна рада. Хроніка 1663 року” та використання “кулішівки” – основи сучасної орфографічної системи. Діяльність П. Куліша була підпорядкована прагненню підняти українську мову до рівня літературної. Важливим складником його праці як національного письменника стали переклади Біблії, творів світових класиків
Indicator Bats Program: A System for the Global Acoustic Monitoring of Bats
No full textBats are an important component of mammalian biodiversity and fill such a wide array of ecological niches that they may offer an important multisensory bioindicator role in assessing ecosystem health. There is a need to monitor population trends of bats for their own sake because many populations face numerous environmental threats related to climate change, habitat loss, fragmentation, hunting, and emerging diseases. To be able to establish bat ultrasonic biodiversity trends as a reliable indicator, it is important to standardize monitoring protocols, data management, and analyses. This chapter discusses the main issues to be considered in developing a bat ultrasonic indicator. It focuses on the results from indicator bats program (iBats), a system for the global acoustic monitoring of bats, in Eastern Europe. Finally, the chapter reviews the strengths and weaknesses of the Program and considers the opportunities and threats that it may face in the future
RP-HPLC with Detection by Means of ESI-MS and UV for Identification of Chromatographic Peaks of Some Hydroxy Derivatives of Epoxy Resin
No full textThe composition of products synthesized on the basis of ED-24 epoxy resin has been studied using reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC/ESI-MS). The synthesized products contain free hydroxy groups and such groups, as epoxy, peroxy, carboxy or acrylate.</jats:p
Корозійна та трибокорозійна поведінка плазмово-порошкових покриттів
No full textДосліджено корозійні та трибокорозійні характеристики плазмово-порошкових покрить на основі заліза, нікелю і системи Fe-Ni у середовищах, що містять хлориди, сірководень і аміак. Встановлено, що зі зростанням рН розчину корозійна тривкість досліджуваних покриттів зростає. Найвищою корозійною тривкістю володіє наплавлений шар на основі нікелю 06Х17Н80С3Р3, однак за умов трибокорозії крихкі складові покриття формують абразив у зоні тертя, що інтенсифікує руйнування. У порівнянні із іншими, покриття 06Х17Н80С3Р3 чинить найнижчий опір корозійно-механічному руйнуванню.
У шарів, наплавлених з порошків 01Х17Н8С6Г і 08Х17Н35С3Р, крихка складова відсутня, а тверді фази рівномірно розподілені у пластичній матриці, що відповідає правилу Шарпі-Бочвара. У зв’язку з цим контактна взаємодія проходить за відсутності абразивного зношування, що пояснює високий опір трибокорозії.
Показано, що за співставленням потенціалів корозії Екор, трибокорозії Етрибокорозії та пасивації Епасивації можна якісно оцінювати процеси утворення та руйнування вторинних структур у зоні тертя за трибокорозії. Додаткову інформацію може надавати рівень локальних осциляцій трибопотенціалу, який характеризує швидкість репасивації поверхні
