155 research outputs found
Cryptanura strenua Cresson 1865
No full text<i>Cryptanura strenua</i> (Cresson, 1865) <p> <i>Mesostenus strenuus</i> Cresson, 1865: 26.</p> <p> <i>Cryptanura strenua</i> (Cresson, 1865). Assigned by Townes and Townes (1966).</p> <p> Holotype 3 (IES # 184) in good condition. The original description stated that this species could be the male of <i>M. robustus</i> (<i>Cryptanura robusta</i>), a suggestion that can now be discounted as both the male of <i>robusta</i> and female of <i>strenua</i> are known. <i>C. strenua</i> has the mesopleuron almost entirely black (vs. extensively pale in <i>C. robusta</i>) and pale mark around propodeal apophysis not reaching hind end of propodeum (vs. reaching in <i>C. robusta</i>).</p>Published as part of <i>Gauld, Ian D. & Fernández-Triana, José L., 2010, Type condition and generic placement of Cuban species of Ichneumonidae described by Cresson and collected by Gundlach, pp. 41-50 in Zootaxa 2394</i> on page 44, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/193911">10.5281/zenodo.193911</a>
Measurement of the ratio of prompt χ c to J / ψ production in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV
No full textThe prompt production of charmonium χ c and J / ψ states is studied in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. The χ c and J / ψ mesons are identified through their decays χ c → J / ψ γ and J / ψ → μ + μ - using 36 pb - 1 of data collected by the LHCb detector in 2010. The ratio of the prompt production cross-sections for χ c and J / ψ, σ (χ c → J / ψ γ) / σ (J / ψ), is determined as a function of the J / ψ transverse momentum in the range 2 < p T J / ψ < 15 GeV / c. The results are in excellent agreement with next-to-leading order non-relativistic expectations and show a significant discrepancy compared with the colour singlet model prediction at leading order, especially in the low p T J / ψ region
Enicospilus grammospilus
No full textEnicospilus grammospilus (Enderlein, 1921) (Figs 1–7) Dicamptus grammospilus Enderlein, 1921: 17. Holotype: male, Sumatra (IZPAN). Enicospilus zeugos Chiu, 1954: 64. Holotype: female, Taiwan (TARI) [examined]. Synonymized by Gauld & Mitchell (1981: 316). Enicospilus henrytownesi Chao & Tang, 1991: 51. Holotype: female, Taiwan (EMUS) [examined]. Syn. nov. Specimens examined. Type materials. Holotype of Enicospilus zeugos Chiu, 1954: “Urai / VI 1931 / Col. J. Sonan // Holo / Type // Holo / Type // Enicospilus / zeugos Chiu ♀ / DET. S. C. CHIU // Enicospilus / grammospilus / Enderlein / det. SCChiu 1983” (TARI). Holotype of Enicospilus henrytownesi Chao & Tang, 1991: “Wushe Taiwan / 1150mIV-26- 83 / Henry Townes // AE º HLOTYPE / Enicospilus / henrytownesi / ȋṫ̂ Chao & Tang” (EMUS). Distribution. This species is recorded from the following countries: Brunei (Gauld & Mitchell, 1981; Gauld, 1985a), China (Tang, 1990), India (Nikam, 1980; Gauld & Mitchell, 1981), Indonesia (Enderlein, 1921; Gauld & Mitchell, 1981), Malaysia (Gauld & Mitchell, 1981), Philippines (Gauld & Mitchell, 1981), Taiwan (Chiu, 1954; present study) and Vietnam (Gauld & Mitchell, 1981). Biology. Unknown. Remarks. This species is a readily distinguishable species from other Enicospilus based on the characteristic morphology of the fore wing veins and alar sclerites, but it has a wide range of variation on fore wing morphology, such as the shape of Rs+2 r and form of alar sclerites, as mentioned above. This suggests that this species may be a species complex and, if the species is split, E. henrytownesi could end up being a synonym of E. zeugos. The author examined the holotype of E. henrytownesi and it has the typical morphology of Taiwanese E. grammospilus. Hence, E. henrytownesi is synonymized with this species herein.Published as part of Shimizu, So, 2018, A new synonym for Enicospilus grammospilus (Enderlein, 1921) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae), pp. 93-95 in Zootaxa 4486 (1) on pages 93-95, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4486.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/143806
Analysis of Experimental Data for High Burnup PWR Spent Fuel Isotopic Validation - Vandellos II Reactor
No full textThis report is one of the several recent NUREG/CR reports documenting benchmark-quality radiochemical assay data and the use of the data to validate computer code predictions of isotopic composition for spent nuclear fuel, to establish the uncertainty and bias associated with code predictions. The experimental data analyzed in the current report were acquired from a high-burnup fuel program coordinated by Spanish organizations. The measurements included extensive actinide and fission product data of importance to spent fuel safety applications, including burnup credit, decay heat, and radiation source terms. Six unique spent fuel samples from three uranium oxide fuel rods were analyzed. The fuel rods had a 4.5 wt % {sup 235}U initial enrichment and were irradiated in the Vandellos II pressurized water reactor operated in Spain. The burnups of the fuel samples range from 42 to 78 GWd/MTU. The measurements were used to validate the two-dimensional depletion sequence TRITON in the SCALE computer code system
Thyreodon niger Cresson 1874
No full text[<i>Thyreodon niger</i> Cresson; Porter 1976: 306. Misidentification , in part.] <p> <i>Thyreodon apricus</i> Porter, 1984: 57. Holotype ♂, MEX- ICO (FSCA) [examined].</p> <p> Fore wing length 17.9–20.4 mm; clypeus weakly convex, with apex bluntly pointed medially; malar space 0.5–0.6 times basal mandibular width; maxillary palp long with second palpomere both strongly broadened and flattened; lower face centrally punctate with weak coriaceous sculpture; frons with a raised area between antennal sockets but without distinct vertical crests; frons with a sharp carina extending from outer rim of antennal sockets upwards, close to and parallel with eye margin; frons centrally rugose; ocelli small, the lateral ocellus separated from eye by about 1.3–1.4 times its own maximum diameter; head in dorsal view with gena finely punctate, rather evenly rounded behind eye, occipital carina strong, its lower end sharp, not reaching hypostomal carina; antenna setaceous, with about 54 flagellomeres, the 20th slightly transverse, 0.8–0.9 times as long as broad, the subapical ones with setae which are slightly shorter than the diameter of the flagellomere. Pronotum short with anterior margin strongly and broadly reflexed, and with posterior margin centrally swollen, forming an angular, centrally impressed ridge which is separated from the anterior margin by a deep Ushaped groove; epomia present on upper part of pronotum as a weak keel extending under anterior reflexed margin; propleuron sparsely punctate, with lower corner flat, peripherally weakly rugulose; mesoscutum sparsely but coarsely punctate, with broad, moderately deep, reticulated notauli which are confluent posteriorly, inner anterior margin of notaulus forming a sharp transverse crest; scuto-scutellar groove very deep, laterally margined by a very strongly raised carina that is laterally slightly expanded; scutellum finely punctate, convex; mesopleuron polished and very sparsely punctate, without a sternaular impression; metapleuron transversely rugose; propodeum laterally flattened, finely reticulate/rugose, abruptly rounded above and behind the spiracle, with an indistinct ridge; propodeum posterodorsally finely reticulate, with transverse rugae posterolaterally, centrally with a broad fairly deep longitudinal impression, laterally flattened with a weak to moderate lateromedian longitudinal impression. Fore leg of female stout, with coxa with a large, bluntly rounded protuberance behind trochanteral insertion, with 5th tarsomere 0.7–0.8 times as long as preceding two tarsomeres, with tarsal claw long and closely pectinate; hind coxa in profile small, its hind end not quite reaching level of hind end of propodeum; hind femur stout, about 4.5–5.0 times as long as maximally deep; hind tarsus of male with very long coarse, sparse pubescence ventrally. Fore wing with abscissa of <i>Cu</i> 1a between <i>Cu</i> 1b and 2 <i>m-cu</i> 0.7–0.8 times as long as abscissa of <i>Cu</i> 1 between <i>cu-a</i> and 1 <i>m-cu</i>. Metasoma with tergite I slender, anteriorly slightly laterally compressed; tergite II, in lateral view, 2.1–2.2 times as long as posteriorly deep. Male with subgenital plate small and rather flat, covered with coarse hair; claspers long, the dorsal apex produced into a spine-like projection, the lower margin not angulate before apex; aedeagus in profile slender, with apex simply up-turned.</p> <p>A shining black species without a noticeable metallic reflection; flagellum blackish brown, lighter in ♂ wings uniformly blue-blackish.</p> <p> <i>Remarks: Thyreodon apricus</i> superficially closely resembles <i>T. deansi</i>, which also is non-metallic black and has three longitudinal grooves on the propodeum. However, the two species differ in many features. <i>T. apricus</i> lacks the strong frontal crests present in <i>T. deansi</i>, and has the vertex more finely punctate. <i>T. apricus</i> also has the metapleuron transversely rugose rather than finely closely punctate, and it lacks the gap in the pecten of the fore tarsal claws. The males differ in that <i>T. apricus</i> has very long sparse pubescence on the hind tarsus, whereas that of <i>T. deansi</i> is much shorter and denser.</p> <p> <i>Biological notes: Thyreodon apricus</i> is a widespread Mesoamerican species that ranges from the southern part of Texas, southwards to north-western Costa Rica. It seems to be restricted to areas with a strong dry season. Porter (1984) remarks that he collected this species in Texas under sparse <i>Acacia</i>, in <i>Celtis</i> woodlands and around <i>Prosopis</i> and <i>Pithecellobium</i> groves. This species has been reared only once by the ACG caterpillar and parasitoid inventory [87-SRNP-1319], from a last instar larva of <i>Erinnyis lassauxii</i> (Sphingidae) feeding on <i>Macroscepis obovata</i> (Asclepiadaceae). A second caterpillar of the same species produced an identical <i>Thyreodon</i> cocoon but the wasp died without developing. Both records are from the ACG dry forest (Janzen & Hallwachs, 2003). The parasitoid larva killed its host in the pupation retreat, then spun a cocoon from which the adult wasp emerged about 1 month later.</p> <p> As more than 15 000 other sphingid larvae (including 1400+ members of the genus <i>Erinnyis</i>) of about 65 species (including six species of <i>Erinnyis</i>) have been reared from the ACG dry forest, we feel comfortable in concluding that <i>Erinnyis lassauxii</i> is probably the sole species attacked by <i>T. apricus. E. lassauxii</i>, with a range from the south-western USA to Argentina (D’Abrera, 1986), easily covers the dry forest geographical and ecological range of <i>T. apricus</i>.</p> <p> <i>Material examined:</i> Holotype ♂, MEXICO, Mexico, Chalma, vi.1974 (<i>Porter</i>) (FSCA). Paratypes: HONDU- RAS: 1 ♀, Puerto Castillo, iii.1924 (USNM). MEXICO: Chiapas: 1 ♀, Cachuatil, <i>c</i>. 50 km SW Cintalapa, 500– 700 m, viii.1965 (<i>Weems</i>) (FSCA): Tamaulipas: 2 ♂, nr San Antonio on ruta 101, vi.1982 (<i>Porter</i>) (FSCA). USA: Texas: 2 ♀, Hidalgo Co., Bentsen Rio Grande Valley State Park, iii–v.1977 (<i>Porter</i>) (FSCA).</p> <p> Non-type material: COSTA RICA: Guanacaste Prov.: 1 ♀, Guanacaste National Park, Finca Jenny, 31 km N Liberia, 240 m, vi.1994 (<i>Araya</i>) (INBio); 1 ♀, Guanacaste National Park, reared as per data above (<i>Janzen & Hallwachs</i>) (JHVC); 1 ♀, Guanacaste National Park, Estacion Los Almendros, 300 m, vi.1995 (<i>Lopez</i>) (INBio); 1 ♀, 1 ♂, Santa Rosa National Park, 300 m, vi.1985 (<i>Janzen & Gauld</i>) (BMNH); 1 ♀, same locality, 300 m, vi.1992 (<i>Parataxonomists</i>) (INBio); 1 ♀, 1 ♂, same locality, 300 m, vi.1992 (<i>Pereira</i>) (INBio).</p>Published as part of <i>Gauld, Ian D. & Janzen, Daniel H., 2004, The systematics and biology of the Costa Rican species of parasitic wasps in the Thyreodon genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), pp. 297-351 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 141 (3)</i> on pages 325-326, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00116.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5429722">http://zenodo.org/record/5429722</a>
Enicospilus grammospilus
No full textEnicospilus grammospilus (Enderlein, 1921) (Figs 1–7) Dicamptus grammospilus Enderlein, 1921: 17. Holotype: male, Sumatra (IZPAN). Enicospilus zeugos Chiu, 1954: 64. Holotype: female, Taiwan (TARI) [examined]. Synonymized by Gauld & Mitchell (1981: 316). Enicospilus henrytownesi Chao & Tang, 1991: 51. Holotype: female, Taiwan (EMUS) [examined]. Syn. nov. Specimens examined. Type materials. Holotype of Enicospilus zeugos Chiu, 1954: “Urai / VI 1931 / Col. J. Sonan // Holo / Type // Holo / Type // Enicospilus / zeugos Chiu ♀ / DET. S. C. CHIU // Enicospilus / grammospilus / Enderlein / det. SCChiu 1983” (TARI). Holotype of Enicospilus henrytownesi Chao & Tang, 1991: “Wushe Taiwan / 1150mIV-26- 83 / Henry Townes // AE º HLOTYPE / Enicospilus / henrytownesi / ȋṫ̂ Chao & Tang” (EMUS). Distribution. This species is recorded from the following countries: Brunei (Gauld & Mitchell, 1981; Gauld, 1985a), China (Tang, 1990), India (Nikam, 1980; Gauld & Mitchell, 1981), Indonesia (Enderlein, 1921; Gauld & Mitchell, 1981), Malaysia (Gauld & Mitchell, 1981), Philippines (Gauld & Mitchell, 1981), Taiwan (Chiu, 1954; present study) and Vietnam (Gauld & Mitchell, 1981). Biology. Unknown. Remarks. This species is a readily distinguishable species from other Enicospilus based on the characteristic morphology of the fore wing veins and alar sclerites, but it has a wide range of variation on fore wing morphology, such as the shape of Rs+2 r and form of alar sclerites, as mentioned above. This suggests that this species may be a species complex and, if the species is split, E. henrytownesi could end up being a synonym of E. zeugos. The author examined the holotype of E. henrytownesi and it has the typical morphology of Taiwanese E. grammospilus. Hence, E. henrytownesi is synonymized with this species herein.Published as part of Shimizu, So, 2018, A new synonym for Enicospilus grammospilus (Enderlein, 1921) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae), pp. 93-95 in Zootaxa 4486 (1) on pages 93-95, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4486.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/143806
A comparative study of Corynephorus canescens (L.) P.Beauv. communities of inland sand dunes in England and Poland
No full textSubmitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of
Wolverhampton for the degree of Doctor of PhilosophyInland sand dunes supporting Grey Hair-grass Corynephorus canescens are a declining European habitat designated for conservation under the EU’s Habitats Directive. In Britain they are confined to a handful of sites in East Anglia and the West Midlands. This study investigated the relationships of the British populations to each other and to populations on five sites in Poland, where C. canescens is still widespread. It also conducted exploratory investigations into factors relevant to the conservation of this ecosystem, particularly in the West Midlands. Data were collected chiefly from 1m2 quadrat samples and direct sampling, which recorded the plants and animals present together with parameters such as vigour and fecundity in C. canescens, amounts of bare sand and litter, and measures of erosion and grazing. These data were variously analysed including by CANOCO multivariate analysis and, for the vegetation, TWINSPAN analysis. 153 taxa of plants and 251 of invertebrates were identified. Though strongly distributed on a regional basis, both flora and invertebrate fauna showed relationships particularly between Polish and West Midlands sites. Analysis of the vegetation suggested that West Midlands vegetation had some associations with C. canescens habitats in Europe and that East Anglian vegetation had links with British coastal C. canescens habitats. The invertebrate fauna showed some complex community relationships in Poland and the West Midlands but less so in East Anglia, while assemblages of invertebrates were associated with various vegetational and abiotic factors. Rabbits and hares were the only vertebrates regularly exploiting C. canescens habitats, which they grazed and, in the former case, produced sand disturbances for colonisation by C. canescens. Ants and to a lesser degree some other invertebrates also produced sand disturbances. Observations made in a preliminary cultivation study in the West Midlands suggested that C. canescens may have a biennial phenology, high fecundity, low germination rates and limited dispersal powers in that region. A trampling investigation suggested that C. canescens may be very sensitive to heavy uncontrolled trampling and to vegetational succession under protection. Stages in succession of the C. canescens community were identified, and suggestions for further study and the conservation of C. canescens were drawn up
Prompt charm production in pp collisions at √<span style="text-decoration:overline">s</span>=7 TeV
No full textCharm production at the LHC in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV is studied with the LHCb detector. The decays D0→K−π+, D+→K−π+π+, D⁎+→D0(K−π+)π+, D+s→ϕ(K−K+)π+, Λ+c→pK−π+, and their charge conjugates are analysed in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 15 nb−1. Differential cross-sections dσ/dpT are measured for prompt production of the five charmed hadron species in bins of transverse momentum and rapidity in the region 0<pT<8 GeV/c and 2.0<y<4.5. Theoretical predictions are compared to the measured differential cross-sections. The integrated cross-sections of the charm hadrons are computed in the above pT-y range, and their ratios are reported. A combination of the five integrated cross-section measurements gives
σ(cc¯)pT<8 GeV/c,2.0<y<4.5=1419±12(stat)±116(syst)±65(frag) μb,
where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and due to the fragmentation functions
Decay Heat Calculations for PWR and BWR Assemblies Fueled with Uranium and Plutonium Mixed Oxide Fuel using SCALE
No full textIn currently operating commercial nuclear power plants (NPP), there are two main types of nuclear fuel, low enriched uranium (LEU) fuel, and mixed-oxide uranium-plutonium (MOX) fuel. The LEU fuel is made of pure uranium dioxide (UO{sub 2} or UOX) and has been the fuel of choice in commercial light water reactors (LWRs) for a number of years. Naturally occurring uranium contains a mixture of different uranium isotopes, primarily, {sup 235}U and {sup 238}U. {sup 235}U is a fissile isotope, and will readily undergo a fission reaction upon interaction with a thermal neutron. {sup 235}U has an isotopic concentration of 0.71% in naturally occurring uranium. For most reactors to maintain a fission chain reaction, the natural isotopic concentration of {sup 235}U must be increased (enriched) to a level greater than 0.71%. Modern nuclear reactor fuel assemblies contain a number of fuel pins potentially having different {sup 235}U enrichments varying from {approx}2.0% to {approx}5% enriched in {sup 235}U. Currently in the United States (US), all commercial nuclear power plants use UO{sub 2} fuel. In the rest of the world, UO{sub 2} fuel is still commonly used, but MOX fuel is also used in a number of reactors. MOX fuel contains a mixture of both UO{sub 2} and PuO{sub 2}. Because the plutonium provides the fissile content of the fuel, the uranium used in MOX is either natural or depleted uranium. PuO{sub 2} is added to effectively replace the fissile content of {sup 235}U so that the level of fissile content is sufficiently high to maintain the chain reaction in an LWR. Both reactor-grade and weapons-grade plutonium contains a number of fissile and non-fissile plutonium isotopes, with the fraction of fissile and non-fissile plutonium isotopes being dependent on the source of the plutonium. While only RG plutonium is currently used in MOX, there is the possibility that WG plutonium from dismantled weapons will be used to make MOX for use in US reactors. Reactor-grade plutonium in MOX fuel is generally obtained from reprocessed irradiated nuclear fuel, whereas weapons-grade plutonium is obtained from decommissioned nuclear weapons material and thus has a different plutonium (and other actinides) concentration. Using MOX fuel instead of UOX fuel has potential impacts on the neutronic performance of the nuclear fuel and the design of the nuclear fuel must take these differences into account. Each of the plutonium sources (RG and WG) has different implications on the neutronic behavior of the fuel because each contains a different blend of plutonium nuclides. The amount of heat and the number of neutrons produced from fission of plutonium nuclides is different from fission of {sup 235}U. These differences in UOX and MOX do not end at discharge of the fuel from the reactor core - the short- and long-term storage of MOX fuel may have different requirements than UOX fuel because of the different discharged fuel decay heat characteristics. The research documented in this report compares MOX and UOX fuel during storage and disposal of the fuel by comparing decay heat rates for typical pressurized water reactor (PWR) and boiling water reactor (BWR) fuel assemblies with and without weapons-grade (WG) and reactor-grade (RG) MOX fuel
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