21 research outputs found
EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL BEBERAPA TANAMAN OBAT SEBAGAI FUNGISIDA NABATI UNTUK PENGENDALIAN Athelia rolfsii PENYEBAB BUSUK PANGKAL BATANG KACANG TANAH
Get PDFEfektifitas ekstrak etanol tanaman obat dalam mengendalikan penyakit
busuk pangkal batang kacang tanah telah dilakukan pada bulan Agustus-
Desemaber 2023 pada berbagai laboratorium salah satunya di Kebun Percobaan
BSIP. Penelitian dilakukan dua tahap, yaitu secara In vitro dan in vivo. Penelitian
in vitro menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial dengan faktor 1 jenis
ekstrak terdiri yitu F1= Sambiloto, F2= daun Sirih sirih, F3 = daun Gambir , F4 =
sambiloto + daun sirih sirih, F5 = sambiloto + daun sirih sirih + daun gambir, F6 =
daun sirih sirih + daun gambir, F7 = sambiloto + daun gambir, F8 = Pestida sintetis
(pembanding positif) dan TP = Tanpa Perlakuan (pembanding negatif) faktor ke 2
yaitu kosentrasi : 2, 3 dan 4%, diulang 4 kali. Untuk melihat daya hambat
pertumbuhan dan Biomassa koloni. Cara in vivo untuk melihat persentase dan
intensitas serangan pada benih, dengan rancangan acak lengkap dalam faktorial,
faktor pertama jenis ekstrak 4 terbaik dari in vitro ditambah F8 pestida sintetis
(pembanding positif) dan TP = Tanpa Perlakuan (pembanding negatif), faktor
kedua kosentrasi yaitu 4, 6 dan 8% diulang 4 kali. Hasil penelitian ekstrak etanol
tanaman obat berpotensi sebagai pengendali jamur A. rolfsii dengan formulasi
tunggal oleh F1 dan campuran F4. F5 dan F6 dengan daya hambat pertumbuhan
koloni dan daya hambat biomassa koloni sebesar 91,07% dan 100,0% pada
kosentrasi 4 %. Sedangkan intensitas serangan tertinggi pada hari ke 15 pada
perlakuaan F4 kosentrasi 4% sebesar 30%. Pada tanpa formulasi sebagai
pembanding negatif hari ke 12 telah mati 100
Pemanfaatan Limbah Penyulingan Serai Wangi Sebagai Pupuk Organik Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Kacang Tanah (Arachis Hypogea L.)
Get PDFKacang tanah merupakan salah satu jenis kacang-kacangan yang mempunyai nilai gizi tinggi. Akan tetapi produksi kacang tanah di Indonesia masih rendah dibandingkan dengan negara lain. Untuk meningkatkan produktivitas kacang tanah perlu dilakukan penambahan nutrisi pada tanaman namun dengan mahalnya harga pupuk perlu dicari alternatif lain. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian pemanfaatan abu limbah penyulingan serai wangi menjadi pupuk organik untuk meningkatkan produktivitas kacang tanah. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Balittro Laing Solok sejak September sampai Desember 2017. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 4 perlakuan yaitu pemberian abu limbah penyulingan serai wangi dengan dosis : 1) 200 g 2) 250 g 3) 300 g dan 4) 0 g pada 8 tanaman per plot diulang 6 kali. Benih kacang tanah ditanam dalam kantong berukuran 45 x 60 cm yang berisi media tanah dan pupuk kandang dengan volume 1 kg/kantong. Variabel yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, jumlah polong, bobot basah, bobot kering serta bobot kering/100 biji. Pengamatan pertumbuhan dilakukan setiap dua minggu dimulai tiga minggu setelah tanam. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pertumbuhan vegetatif dan produksi tanaman kacang tanah mempunyai perbedaan yang signifikan dari setiap dosis abu limbah penyulingan yang digunakan. Dengan hasil yang terbaik pada dosis abu limbah serai wangi 300 g/kantong terlihat pada tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, jumlah polong, berat basah, berat kering dan berat per 100 biji berturut-turut 46,82 cm, 4,76 buah, 37,72 buah, 80,31 g, 35,40 g dan 62,36
POTENSI EKSTRAK GAMBIR, SIRIH-SIRIHAN DAN SAMBILOTO UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN Aphis schneideri PADA TANAMAN Klausena
No full text<p class="IsiabstrakIndonesia">Pestisida yang berasal dari tanaman relatif aman terhadap organisme bukan sasaran dan ramah lingkungan dibandingkan dengan pestisida berbahan aktif kimia sintetik. Gambir, sirih-sirihan dan sambiloto merupakan tanaman potensial sebagai sumber pestisida nabati. Tanaman-tanaman tersebut mengandung senyawa fenolik, minyak atsiri dan metabolit lainnya yang belum dieksplorasi pemanfaatannya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengobservasi potensi ekstrak tanaman gambir, sirih-sirihan, dan sambiloto dalam menanggulangi serangga hama <em>Aphis schneideri </em>yang sering menyerang tanaman<em> </em>klausena. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap, empat ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji terdiri dari ekstrak gambir, sambiloto, dan sirih-sirihan, masing-masing dengan tingkat konsentrasi yang berbeda (8, 12, dan 16 ml l<sup>-l</sup>) serta kontrol (tanpa perlakuan). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Laing, Solok dari Februari sampai Agustus 2015. Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase kematian (mortalitas) nimfa dan imago. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak tanaman gambir, sirih-sirihan, dan sambiloto bersifat insektisidal terhadap serangga hama <em>A. schneideri</em>. Ekstrak gambir pada konsentrasi 16 ml l<sup>-l</sup> mampu mengendalikan nimfa dan imago <em>A. schneideri</em> 100% pada 6 jam setelah aplikasi, sedangkan ekstrak sambiloto pada tingkat konsentrasi yang sama dengan gambir memerlukan waktu 36 jam setelah aplikasi untuk mencapai mortalitas 100%. Ekstrak sirih-sirihan memiliki efikasi terendah dibanding gambir dan sambiloto dengan tingkat mortalitas hanya mencapai 63,83% (nimfa) dan 65,44% (imago) pada 36 jam setelah aplikasi. Ekstrak gambir paling potensial sebagai pestisida nabati untuk mengedalikan <em>A. schneideri</em> dibandingkan dengan ekstrak sirih-sirihan dan sambiloto. Perlu pengujian lapangan untuk mengetahui keefektifan ekstrak gambir dalam mengendalikan serangan hama<em> A. schneideri </em>pada tanaman klausena.</p></jats:p
THE POTENTIAL TESTING OF MEDICINAL PLANTS THE BITTER AND CANDLETIK AS BOTANICAL PESTICIDE
No full textIndonesia is known to have diversity of medicinal plants, from medicinal plants, many chemicals that can be
isolated, which has been shown to have biological activity both in vitro and in vivo and has been proven
efficacious as healing is disease. Ingredients of traditional medicinal plants is this are immunostimulating
bioactive not only for animals can also be used as a botanical pesticide. One limiting factor in crop production is
the attack of pests of plants (OPT). Efforts are usually done to solve this all by using synthetic pesticides, the use of continuous as pest control can cause several problems, among others, the resurgence, resistance to pests and pathogens as well as the explosion of the second. So no harm was sought and developed other raw materials that are safer, botanical pesticides are substitutes safest synthetic pesticides, including bitter and candletik. From the research it turns bitter and candletik is as fungicidal, insecticidal and larvicidal
PESTISIDA NABATI KAYUMANIS DAN SERAIWANGI UNTUK PENGENDALIAN HAMA PENGGULUNG DAUN NILAM Pacyzancla stultalis
No full text<em>Botanical pesticide is one of the alternatives to control pest and relatively safe for the environment. Cinnamon oil and citronella oil commonly used as botanical pesticide to control leaf roller</em> Pachyzancla stultalis<em> attack on patchouli, hence maintaining patchouli productivity. This study aimed to find the best botanical insecticide formula made of cinnamon oil and citronella oil to control leaf roller attack without decreasing the quality of patchouli oil. Research was conducted in patchouli farmer's plantation in Solok Regency, Kenagarian Gantung Ciri from January to October 2013. The research was arranged in Randomized Block Design with four treatments (Pesnab KM 40, Pesnab SW 50, synthetic insecticide deltamethrin 25 EC and without pesticide as control) repeated six times. Botanical pesticide, Pesnab KM 40 and SW 50, were formulated using 40 % cinnamon oil (KM 40) and 50 % citronella oil (SW 50). The plant tested was one month old Sidikalang variety in polybags. The KM 40 botanical pesticide formula was more effective to control </em>P. stultalis <em>larvae pest than control and SW 50 botanical pesticide, and as effective as synthetic pesticide. The herb yield, oil yield, oil content and patchouli alcohol (PA) content of KM 40 treatment were not significantly different compared to synthetic pesticide, but higher than control. Patchouli oil components such as alpha pinene, beta pinene, limonene, copaene, karyophylen, guanen, allo-aromadrene and gurjunen, was not significantly different among treatments. Botanical pesticides made from cinnamon oil can be used as alternative to control P. stultalis larvae attack in patchouli.</em><p> </p></jats:p
KOMPOSISI MEDIA TANAMAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN VIABILITAS BENIH YLANG-YLANG (Canangium odoratum forma genuina)
No full textAquilaria malaccensis Lam. is a gaharu-producing plant with excellent quality and high social, cultural, and economic values. Ylang-ylang plants (Canangium odoratum forma genuina) in Indonesia are forma Guinena familia Annonaceae which have many benefits. One of the benefits is as a producer of essential oils produced from the distillation of flowers. Ylang-ylang plants can be propagated generative and vegetative, but currently, many are done in a generative way. For this reason, a study was carried out to know the composition of plant media in increasing the viability of ylang-ylang (Canangium odoratum forma genuina) seeds. The study was arranged experimentally using a factorial design based on a completely randomized design in a greenhouse. The first factor was the planting medium consisting of andosol soil, andosol soil + citronella ash, ultisol + manure, and sawdust planting medium. While the second factor was the size of the seeds, namely seeds from large, medium, and small fruit, each treatment combination was repeated three times. Parameters observed were fruit weight for each characteristic, dry weight of 50 seeds/seed, germination power, growth speed, and vegetative growth of seeds (seed height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, number of roots, root length, and biomass). The research results were that the weight of large fruit was 3.016 – 4.749 g, with a significant seed weight of 0.054 – 0.056g, the best germination in andosol medium large fruit 57.78% early germination on the 40th day after sowing. The vegetative growth is a seed height of 6.60 cm, the average number of leaves is 6.05 leaves, the length of the leaves is 5.41 cm, and the width is 1.94 cm. A number of roots is 7.00 pieces, with root length of 13.50 cm with 17.62 g biomass.Tanaman Ylang-ylang (Canangium odoratum forma genuina) yang ada di Indonesia adalah forma Guinena familia Annonaceae yang mempunyai banyak manfaat salah satunya diproduksi sebagai penghasil minyak atsiri yang diproduksi dari hasil penyulingan bunga. Dalam pengembangannya tanaman Ylang-ylang dapat secara generatif dan vegetatif, tapi saat ini banyak dilakukan dengan cara generatif . Untuk itu telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai Komposisi Media Tanaman dalam Meningkatkan Viabilitas benih Ylang-ylang (Canangium odoratum forma genuina). Dengan menggunakan metoda faktorial dalam rancangan acak lengkap di Rumah kaca IPPTP Balittro Laing Solok, pada bulan Pebruari 2021 sampai dengan November 2021. Faktor pertama yaitu media tanam terdiri dari 4 level yaitu media tanam tanah andosol + abu serai wangi, media tanam tanah andosol saja, media tanam tanah ultisol + pupuk kandang dan media tanam serbuk gergaji. Sedangkan faktor kedua adalah ukuran benih terdiri dari 3 level yaitu benih yang berasal dari buah besar, buah sedang dan buah kecil, dengan tiga kali ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah berat buah masing-masing karakteristik, bobot kering 50 benih/biji, daya berkecambah, kecepatan tumbuh, pertumbuhan vegetatif benih (tinggi benih, jumlah daun, panjang daun, lebar daun, jumlah akar, panjang akar dan biomassa). Hasil dari penelitian yang dilakukan adalah berat buah besar 3,016 – 4,749 g, buah sedang 1,877 – 2,982g dan berat buah kecil 0,350 – 1,449g dengan berat benih yang besar adalah 0,054 – 0,056g, berat benih sedang 0,050 – 0,051g dan berat benih yang kecil 0,046 – 0,049g, daya kecambah yang terbaik pada media tanah andosol buah besar 57,78% kecambah awal pada hari ke 40 setelah semai. Pertumbuhan vegetatifnya adalah tinggi benih 6.60 cm, jumlah daun rata-rata 6,05 buah Panjang daun 5,41 cm dengan lebar 1,94 cm. Jumlah akar 7,00 buah, Panjang akar 13,50 cm dengan biomassa 17,62 g
Kata Kunci : media tanam, ukuran buah, viabilitas, ylang-ylan
Produktivitas Tanaman Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii) pada Tanah Ultisol dengan Pemberian Beberapa Pupuk Organik
No full textPalmarosa plant (Cymbopogon martini: Poaceae) comes from East India and Turkey, and in Indonesia, it is known as Palmarosa grass. This plant is an essential plant with the name Palmarosa Oil. Besides being useful as a cosmetic ingredient, it can also be an active ingredient in vegetable pesticides. This study aimed to see the effect of applying organic fertilizer to Ultisol soil planting media on the production and quality of Palmarosa plants. The study was conducted at the Laing Experimental Garden, Solok Agricultural Plant Assessment and Research Installation, West Sumatra. Palmarosa plants used were 1 month old in the nursery and transferred to plastic bags measuring 30 x 40 cm. The study was arranged using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with the following treatments Ultisol soil + Seraiwangi ash (TA), Ultisol soil + manure (TP), Ultisol soil + manure + compost (TK), and positive control andosol soil (K). Comparison of ultisol soil with organic fertilizer 1:1. Each treatment was repeated 8 times, and each replication consisted of 10 sample plants. Observations were made every 15 days after the plants were 15 days after planting. The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer on Ultisol soil + manure + compost showed the best vegetative growth in plant height growth, the number of tillers, leaf length, leaf width, and crown width. While the geraniol content is 81.04% and the oil yield is 0.31%
The use of some mixtures of medicinal plant ethanol extracts as an antifungal in the control of peanut stem rot diseases
No full textThis study aims to determine the effectiveness of antifungal formulations and concentrations made from several ethanol extracts of medicinal plants that are appropriate against Athelia rolfsii which causes peanut stem rot disease, in August-December 2023 in the Parasitology Laboratory of the Laing Solok Experimental Garden. The research was arranged in a completely randomised design in factorial, using 2 methods, namely: (1) suppression of colony diameter using Patato Dextrose Agar media (2) suppression of colony biomass using Potato Dextrose Broth media. The treatments tested were ethanol extracts of medicinal plants Andrographis paniculata, Piper aduncum, Uncaria gambir, a mixture of A. paniculata extract + P. aduncum extract; A. paniculata extract + P. aduncum extract + U. gambir extract; P. aduncum extract + U. gambir extract; A. paniculata extract + U. gambir extract; synthetic fungicides and no treatment as a comparison. The concentration levels tested were 2 %, 3 % and 4 %. The results of the study showed that the species that causes peanut stem rot disease is Athelia rolfsii. From the results of GC–MS analysis, the dominant compounds of ethanol extract of A. paniculata (9-Octadecen-1-ol, (Z); Hexadecanoic acid; Octadecanoic acid), extract of P. aduncum was (1,3 Benzodioxole,4,5 dimethoxi; 1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-2‑hydroxy-7-e, while the dominant U. gambir extract was (9-Hexadecenoic acid Hexadecanoic acid; 2,5-Octadecadrynoic acid-methylc). The ethanol extract of A. paniculata single formulation as well as the mixed extract at 4 % concentration were more fungicidal than P. aduncum and U. gambir single formulations except the mixed formulation of A. paniculata extract + U. gambir extract which was worse than synthetic fungicides in suppressing the growth of diameter and biomass of A. rolfsii colonies. The mixed formulation of A. paniculata extract + P. aduncum extract + U. gambir extract showed the highest effectiveness of all formulations tested at each concentration, providing inhibition of colony diameter and biomass growth (91.07 % and 100.00 %). So that the ethanol extracts of the tested medicinal plants have the potential to be a promising anti-fungal alternative to replace chemical fungicides that are very dangerous
Antifungal effectiveness of some essential oils and their mixtures against
No full textAntifungal effectiveness of several essential oil botanical pesticides and their mixtures against the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) which causes fusarium wilt disease of banana plants in vitro, was conducted from March to July 2023. The aim of the study was to obtain an effective botanical pesticide formulation and the right concentration for controlling the Foc causing Fusarium wilt disease in banana plants. The study was arranged in a completely randomized design in factorials with three replications. The experiment was carried out using two methods: a) Suppressing colony diameter using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium, b). Suppressing colony biomass using Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) medium. The treatment was the formulation of essential oil (F) botanical pesticides as the first factor; F1 (Cymbopogon flexuosus oils), F2 (C. nardus essential oils), F3 (Eugenia aromatica leaf essential oils), F4 (Cinnamomum burmanii leaf oils), F5 (F1+F2), F6 (F1+F3), F7 (F1+F4) and F8 (F2 +F3), F9 (F2+F4) and F10 (F3+F4) The level of concentration (C) as a second factor C1(1000 ppm) and C2(2000 ppm). The results showed that the F3 (E. aromatica leaf oils) treatment had the best antifungal activity against Foc. At a concentration of 2000 ppm inhibition of the diameter growth and colony biomass reached 100%, followed by the F1 treatment (C. flexuosus oils) up to 89.73% and 95.75%, the F2 treatment (C. nardus oils) reach 84.58% and 89.67% and the lowest antifungal activity is F4 (C. burmanii leaf oils) which only 77.08% and 84.50%. The best mixed formulations were F5(F1+ F3) and F8(F2 + F3), at the same concentration suppression of colony growth reaching 100%. In general, mixed essential oils formulation have shown to increase the effectiveness of the antifungal activities
Uji Kemampuan Insektisida Botanis Ekstrak Daun Gambir terhadap Hama (Plutella Xylostella. l)
No full textUpaya pengendalian hama Plutella xylostella. L (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) terutama pada tanaman kubis umumnya dilakukan dengan insektisida sintetik, namun hal diatas dinilai kurang bijaksana karena, biasanya terjadi penumpukan residu pestisida yang sangat tinggi sehingga kurang baik untuk kesehatan. Dalam masalah ini perlu dilakukan upaya pengendalian yang lebih bijaksana seperti pemakaian insektisida botanis.Gambir (Uncaria gambir, Roxb) merupakan salah satu tanaman sumber bahan pestisida botanis yang sangat potensial, karena getah daun gambir mengandung alkaloid berupa senyawa kimia seperti catechin, tannin catecu (tannin/tannat), querchitin, flouresin dan beberapa senyawa lainnya, dimana senyawa katechin, tannin dan querchitin bersifat anti mikrobial dan anti oksidan. Sehubungan dengan itu telah dilakukan penelitian tentang uji kemampuan beberapa konsentrasi ekstrak daun gambir terhadap serangga Plutella xylostella, L di Kebun Percobaan Laing Solok mulai bulan November 2011 sampai bulan Maret 2012. Penelitian memakai rancangan acak lengkap dengan 7 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, masing-masing perlakuan adalah ekstrak daun gambir konsentrasi 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 7500 ppm dan tanpa ekstrak (0 ppm) sebagai kontrol. Parameter pengamatan meliputi tingkat kematian dan volume makan larva, serta panjang siklus hidup.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun gambir memiliki sifat insektisidal yang baik sehingga mampu mempengaruhi sifat fisiologis serta horman dari serangga Plutella xylostella. L. Dalam konsentrasi 5000 ppm dan 7500 ppm bahan ini dapat menyebabkan kematian terhadap larva instar (II, III dan IV) sebesar sebesar (60,70%, 58,70%, 55,06%) dan (71,48%, 61,20%, 56,80%). Kedua konsentrasi juga mampu menekan volume makan sebesar (27,16%, 79,19%, 12,73%) dan (30,77%, 84,36%, 26,49%). Serta dapat memperpanjang siklus hidup (13,96-17,49) hari.Kata kunci: Plutella xylostella . L, aspek biologis, Uncaria gambir,Roxb, insektisida botanis. Plutella xylostella L (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) pest control efforts. on cabbage especially generally performed with synthetic insecticides, but the above is considered less wise because, usually in the accumulation of a very high pesticide residue that is not good for health. In this issue needs to be made more sensible control measures such as the use of botanical insecticides. Gambier (Uncaria gambier, Roxb) is a botanical pesticide plant material source with huge potential, because the sap gambier leaves contain alkaloids such as chemical compounds such as catechins, tannins catecu (tannin / Tannat), querchitin, flouresin and some other compounds, where the compound katechin , tannin and querchitin is anti-microbial and anti-oxidant. In connection with the research has been done on testing the ability of some leaf extracts gambier concentrations against insects Plutella xylostella .L, at the KP. Laing Solok starting in November 2011 through Maret 2012. Research used a completely randomized design with 7 treatments and 4 replications, each treatment is the concentration of leaf extract gambier 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 7500 ppm and without extract (0 ppm) as a control. Parameters include the observation of mortality and larvae feed volume, and long life cycle. The results showed that the leaf extract gambier has insecticidal properties are better able to influence the physiological properties as well as the hormones of insects Plutella xylostella. L. In a 5000 ppm concentration of 7500 ppm and this material can cause the death of the larval instar (II, III and IV) was equal to (60.70%, 58.70%, 55.06%) and (71 , 48%, 61.20%, 56.80%). Both concentrations are also able to reduce the volume of feed (27.16%, 79.19%, 12.73%) and (30.77%, 84.36%, 26.49%). As well as to extend the life cycle (13.96 to 17.49) days. Keywords: Plutella xylostella. L, biological aspects, Uncaria gambier, Roxb, botanical insecticides
