3,238 research outputs found
Navigating the Maze of Social Media Disinformation on Psychiatric Illness and Charting Paths to Reliable Information For Mental Health Professionals
No full textThis study aims to investigate the spread and impact of disinformation on mental health on social media, specifically TikTok, and to develop strategies for mental health professionals to access reliable information. Disinformation about health on social media, including untested remedies and conspiracy theories, undermines public trust and health, making the fight against false information critical, especially during health emergencies. The project will analyze 1000 publicly available TikTok videos related to mental health, using specific inclusion criteria, without requiring ethics board approval since the videos are in the public domain. The study will collect data on video-related elements, fake news elements, and clinical psychiatric elements, ensuring a comprehensive analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis and qualitative content analysis will be conducted to identify disinformation trends and themes from viewers' perspectives. The study anticipates no risks, as all data are publicly accessible, and aims to enhance the ability of viewers to critically assess psycho-educational videos on mental health. The results will be shared in academic settings and aim to provide recommendations for creating informed and supportive online communities around psychiatry. The research team, led by Dr. Alexandre Hudon, comprises psychiatry professionals from Université de Montréal, ensuring the project's feasibility and integrity
Guider les thérapeutes dans l'amélioration de la réponse thérapeutique d'un patient à l'aide de l'intelligence artificielle pour la thérapie par Avatar
No full textDans le contexte de la psychiatrie moderne, les troubles de santé mentale graves et persistants, notamment la schizophrénie, présentent des défis thérapeutiques considérables. La schizophrénie, en particulier, impacte profondément le fonctionnement des individus, notamment à travers des symptômes tels que les hallucinations. Ces manifestations peuvent affecter de manière délétère les interactions interpersonnelles des patients, leur régulation émotionnelle et sont associées à un taux de suicide nettement supérieur à celui de la population générale. Face à la résistance aux traitements psychopharmacologiques de première ligne, des thérapies non-pharmacologiques ont été développées, dont la thérapie par Avatar (TA) en réalité virtuelle (RV), qui permet aux patients souffrant d'hallucinations auditives résistantes aux médicaments d'interagir avec une représentation en 3D de leur voix perturbatrice. Bien que cette thérapie ait montré une réduction des hallucinations et une amélioration de la qualité de vie, certains patients restent réfractaires, ce qui pose des défis dans leur prise en charge.
L'utilisation de données quantitatives en médecine a amélioré les approches thérapeutiques pour les patients présentant des troubles complexes. Les thérapeutes s'appuient sur des outils numériques basés sur des algorithmes mathématiques pour guider leur prise de décision clinique. L'intelligence artificielle, notamment l'apprentissage machine, se développe en médecine clinique pour aider les thérapeutes à prédire l'évolution des patients et à choisir le traitement approprié. Cependant, en psychiatrie, où les modèles biopsychosociaux sont prédominants, l'utilisation de données quantitatives dans les interventions psychothérapeutiques est moins courante. Les thérapeutes s'appuient souvent sur des guides de pratique génériques et leur expérience clinique, ce qui peut être insuffisant, particulièrement pour les patients atteints de schizophrénie réfractaire à la médication.
Cette thèse vise à intégrer les principes de l'intelligence artificielle dans la thérapie par Avatar pour améliorer la réponse thérapeutique des patients souffrant de schizophrénie avec des hallucinations auditives réfractaires aux médicaments. Elle se concentre sur cinq sous-objectifs : l'utilisation de l'intelligence artificielle pour prédire les issues cliniques des patients atteints de troubles mentaux graves, l'évaluation des possibilités d'intégration de l'IA en psychothérapie, l'utilisation de l'apprentissage machine dans la TA pour l'annotation automatique des séances, l'intégration des algorithmes d'apprentissage machine pour prédire la réponse des patients à la TA, et l'identification des facteurs prédictifs multimodaux améliorant la prédiction des issues cliniques.
La première partie de la thèse concerne une étude transversale utilisant l'apprentissage machine pour identifier des facteurs prédicteurs de violence chez des patients souffrant de troubles mentaux graves, en se concentrant sur les liens entre la consommation de cannabis et la violence. Les résultats indiquent que l'utilisation du cannabis est un prédicteur clé de la violence.
La deuxième partie évalue l'intégration de l'IA en psychothérapie, à travers deux revues de littérature. La première examine l'utilisation de l'apprentissage machine sur des petites bases de données pour l'annotation automatisée des transcriptions de séances thérapeutiques. La seconde se concentre sur l'utilisation de l'IA, notamment les réseaux neuronaux, en psychothérapie clinique.
La troisième partie explore l'utilisation de l'apprentissage machine dans la TA, en comparant différents algorithmes pour la classification automatisée des interactions thérapeutiques et en utilisant des techniques d'apprentissage non-supervisé pour identifier des groupes d'interactions.
La quatrième partie s'appuie sur les précédentes pour intégrer des algorithmes d'apprentissage machine afin de prédire la réponse clinique des patients à la TA, en se basant sur les interactions thérapeutiques lors de la première séance de thérapie immersive.
Enfin, la cinquième partie présente deux études supplémentaires : une sur l'identification des émotions dans la TA et une autre sur le concept de dyades thérapeutiques, illustrant l'importance de la relation entre le thérapeute et le patient dans la TA.
En conclusion, cette thèse apporte une contribution significative à la compréhension des processus thérapeutiques dans la TA via l'intelligence artificielle, en ouvrant la voie à des approches personnalisées basées sur des modèles mathématiques pour améliorer la prise en charge des patients atteints de schizophrénie réfractaire.In the context of modern psychiatry, severe and persistent mental health disorders, particularly
schizophrenia, present significant therapeutic challenges. Schizophrenia profoundly impacts the
functioning of individuals, especially through symptoms like hallucinations. These manifestations
can detrimentally affect the interpersonal interactions of patients, their emotional regulation,
and are associated with a suicide rate significantly higher than that of the general population.
Faced with resistance to first-line psychopharmacological treatments, non-pharmacological
therapies have been developed, including Avatar Therapy (TA) in virtual reality (RV), which allows
patients suffering from medication-resistant auditory hallucinations to interact with a tridimensional representation of their most disturbing voice. Although this therapy has shown a
reduction in hallucinations and an improvement in the quality of life, some patients remain
refractory, posing challenges in their management.
The use of quantitative data in medicine has improved therapeutic approaches for patients with
complex disorders. Therapists rely on digital tools based on mathematical algorithms to guide
their clinical decision-making. Artificial intelligence, particularly machine learning, is currently
developing in clinical medicine to help therapists predict patients' outcomes and choose
appropriate treatments. However, in psychiatry, where biopsychosocial models are predominant,
the use of quantitative data in psychotherapeutic interventions is less common. Therapists often
rely on generic practice guidelines and their clinical experience, which may be insufficient,
especially for patients with medication-refractory schizophrenia.
This thesis aims to integrate the principles of artificial intelligence into Avatar Therapy to improve
the therapeutic response of patients suffering from schizophrenia with medication-resistant
auditory hallucinations. It focuses on five sub-objectives: using artificial intelligence to predict
clinical outcomes of patients with severe and persistent mental disorders, evaluating the
possibilities of integrating AI in psychotherapy, using machine learning in AT for the automated
annotation of sessions, integrating machine learning algorithms to predict patients' responses to AT, and identifying multimodal predictive factors to improve the prediction of clinical outcomes.
The first part of the thesis involves a cross-sectional study using machine learning to identify
predictors of violence in patients with severe and persistent mental disorders, focusing on the
links between cannabis use and violence. The results indicate that cannabis use is a key predictor
of violence. The second part assesses the integration of AI in psychotherapy through two
literature reviews. The first review examines the use of machine learning on small datasets for
the automated annotation of therapeutic session transcripts. The second focuses on the use of
AI, particularly neural networks, in clinical psychotherapy.
The third part explores the use of machine learning in AT, comparing different algorithms for the
automated classification of therapeutic interactions and using unsupervised learning techniques
to identify groups of interactions. The fourth part builds on the previous ones to integrate
machine learning algorithms to predict the clinical response of patients to AT, based on the
therapeutic interactions during the first immersive therapy session. Finally, the fifth part presents
two additional studies: one on identifying emotions in AT and another on the concept of
therapeutic dyads, illustrating the importance of the relationship between the therapist and the
patient in AT.
In conclusion, this thesis makes a significant contribution to understanding the therapeutic
processes in AT through artificial intelligence, paving the way for personalized approaches based
on mathematical models to improve the management of patients with medication-refractory
schizophrenia
La filosofía del derecho de Alexandre Kojève
No full textThis article is a presentation of Alexandre Kojève’s philosophy of law, exposed in his Esquisse d’une phénoménologie du droit (1981). Little attention has been paid to this work. So there is a gap that has to be filled with a critical reflection of its strengths. Among them, undoubtedly, we count the fact that Kojève is introducing a conception of international justice that casts a singular light on current debates about cosmopolitanism and globalization. According to this author, citizenship is the key element of the process of global expansion of the juridical sphere. In sum, Kojève’s philosophy is useful to reflect upon the contrast between the juridical and the political, which is the basis for all philosophy of law, in order to achieve world peace and international justice.Este artículo es una presentación de la filosofía del derecho de Alexandre Kojève contenida en su Esquisse d’une phénoménologie du droit (1981). La poca atención que dicha obra ha recibido es un vacío que debiera llenarse con una reflexión crítica de sus puntos fuertes. Entre ellos destaca una concepción de la justicia internacional que proyecta una luz muy singular sobre los actuales debates en torno a la globalización y el cosmopolitismo. A ojos de este autor, la ciudadanía es el elemento clave para aquilatar la expansión global de lo jurídico. En suma, Kojève aparece como un valioso referente en la labor de pensar la contraposición entre lo jurídico y lo político que está en la base de toda filosofía del derecho, con la aspiración al logro de la justicia internacional y la paz mundial en el horizonte
Reconfiguração do consensualismo contratual: as ações tituladas nominativas e os limites à transmissão
No full textPartimos da evolução histórica do consensualismo contratual salientando os
principais carateres que, nos diversos momentos históricos, se foram evidenciando.
Numa segunda etapa exploramos os fundamentos dogmáticos do modelo de
transmissão contratual assumido pelo legislador e a sua viabilidade no sistema
jurídico global, em particular, no direito dos valores mobiliários. Constatamos a
crescente necessidade na prática mercantil e inevitabilidade no sistema jurídico
global da admissibilidade da existência de contratos de compra e venda de natureza
meramente obrigacional. Num terceiro momento desenvolvemos os principais
aspetos do regime jurídico aplicável às ações tituladas nominativas fora do mercado
regulado, em particular, os principais limites à transmissão, enquanto instrumentos/barreiras ao consensualismo contratual.We start from the historical evolution of contractual consensualism emphasizing the
main aspects that, in different historical moments, were showing up. In a second
stage we explore the dogmatic foundations of the transmission model contractual
assumed by the legislator and its viability in the global legal system, in particular, in
securities law. We note the growing need in commercial practice and inevitability in
the global legal system the admissibility of the existence of contracts of sale purely
obligatory. In the third stage we develop the main aspects of the legal regime
applicable to nominative titled actions outside the regulated market, in particular,
the main limits to the transmission, as instruments / barriers to contractual
consensualism
“Era por Alexandre tod’esto demostrado”: ¿pruebas verídicas y pruebas engañosas en el Libro de Alexandre?
No full textEl Libro de Alexandre es un texto de s. XIII, que se escribió en la España medieval. En este escrito, el autor pretende demostrar que, en el Alexandre, algunas de las situaciones que se ponen a prueba son aceptadas, pero eso no significa que el macedonio gane la prueba. El articulo esta dividido en tres apartados. En el primero, el autor da cuenta de la historia textual de la obra y también dedica ciertas líneas al Estado de la cuestión del texto; mientras que, en la segunda parte, nos guía a conceptos etimológicos de los términos prueba, evidencia y demás. En el tercer apartado se centra en algunas pruebas expuestas en el Libro de Alexandre.The Libro de Alexandre is a literary work, written during the medieval Spain. In this paper, the author tries to demonstrate that, carefully reading the L.A, some of the situations that are set as proves are accepted, but it does not mean that Alexander can be a victor. This paper is divided in three sections: firstly, the author tells the textual history of the L.A and, then, tries to update the State of art: on the other hand, in the second part, the author offers meanings about terms as: prueba and evidencia. Finally, the author focuses on certain passages contained in the Libro de Alexandre that can be taken as failed proves
Mixing the Immiscible: Improvisation within Fixed-Media Composition
No full textThis paper will explore ways in which mastered improvisation practice, with the studio as an instrument, is a proposed avenue to bridge the historical dichotomy between what Ted Gioia describe as ‘the aesthetics of perfection’ and ‘the aesthetics of imperfection’. It is proposed as a way to re-embody fixed music, as experimented by the author through the composition of his last fixed-media work. This will be put in the context of a wider trend observed amongst the current emerging generation of composers interested in the aesthesics of the work, by opposition to the previous generations that placed the value of the work in its poietics. The vital and primal importance of practice outcome as practice-based research’s main document will also be advocated for, as these trends are happening in the laboratory of live music
Alexandre de Rhodes (1593?-1660)
No full textBiografia do jesuíta francês Alexandre de Rhodes (1593?-1660), missionário na Cochinchina (Vietname) e no Tonquim. Autor do Dicionário Anamita-Português-Latim (1651), Rhodes foi uma figura central no choque de interesses entre o Padroado Português e as ambições diplomáticas e políticas da França na Indochina e na China.Biography of the French Jesuit Alexandre de Rhodes (1593?-1660), missionary in Cochinchina (Vietnam) and Tonkin. Author of the Anamita-Portuguese-Latin Dictionary (1651), Rhodes was a central figure in the clash of interests between the Portuguese Padroado and France's diplomatic and political ambitions in Indochina and China.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
La Clerecía de "Alexandre"
No full textEl artículo reflexiona sobre la educación que recibe Alexandre “El grande” a manos de su profesor Aristóteles, retratado en el “Libro de Alexandre”; a continuación analiza las disciplinas que compusieron dicho programa con el interés de proponer una interpretación de la lista de las siete artes liberales mencionadas. Este artículo ofrece una visión de las diferentes maneras en las que los textos reflejan la “clerecía” del protagonista así como de otros personajes, incluyendo el anónimo autor de los mismos. Cualquiera que se dedique a las mencionadas artes liberales será glorificado y Alexandre se presenta él mismo como modelo ideal de un príncipe en quien la nobleza y al inteligencia van unidas, una defensa clara de la “clerecía” como fuente fundamental de toda excelencia. This article deals with the education imparted on Alexander the Great by Aristotles, as portrayed in the “Libro de Alexandre”, analyzes the disciplines and proposes an interpretation of the list of the seven liberal arts mentioned therein. This article also offers an encompassing view of the different ways in which the text reflects the “clerecía2 of the protagonist as well as that of the other characters, including the anonymous author himself. Anyone who dedicates him or herself to the aforementioned liberal arts is thereby glorified, and Alexander presents himself as the ideal model of a prince in whom nobility and cleverness are joined, in a clear defense of the “clerecía” as the fundamental source of all excellence
The monarchy of Portugal in Alexandre Herculano's work
No full textA pesquisa A Monarquia Portuguesa na Obra de Alexandre Herculano analisa a construção do modelo ideal de monarca por Alexandre Herculano, com especial ênfase na produção histórica em que os monarcas portugueses foram retratados com maior riqueza de detalhes e analisados de forma mais criteriosa. A pesquisa se dá a partir da conjuntura histórica portuguesa marcada pelo estabelecimento do Estado Liberal e pelos debates entre os diferentes grupos políticos em que a participação dos intelectuais é um ponto relevante. No tocante a Alexandre Herculano, o envolvimento do autor em diversas polêmicas e articulações políticas é uma evidência da importância e da atuação da intelligentsia na sociedade portuguesa do século XIX. Ao lado da conjuntura histórica na qual a obra de Herculano foi produzida, o universo conceitual forjado pelo autor com fundamento nos pressupostos teóricos e políticos também foi contemplado, pois o modelo de monarca construído pelo autor foi elaborado a partir deste universo conceitual que, conforme os pressupostos teóricos empregados nesta pesquisa atuam e interferem nos debates contemporâneos à obra.The research The Portuguese Monarchy in Alexandre Herculanos work analyses the building of the monarchs ideal model (by Alexandre Herculano) especially focusing on the historical production on which the Portuguese monarchs were detailedly portrayed and discerningly analysed. Considering the Portuguese historical conjuncture marked not only by the establishment of the Liberal State but also by the debates among the different political groups in which the intellectuals partaking is relevant. Concerning Alexandre Herculano, the authors involvement in several debates and political articulations is an evidence of the intelligentsias outstanding role in the Portuguese society of the nineteenth century. Along with the historical context in which Herculanos work was produced, the conceptual universe created by the author reasoned on theoretical and political assumptions was also considered because the monarchs model built by the author was created from this universe of concepts that, according to the theoretical assumptions used in this research, act and expand their sphere of influence towards the contemporary debates to his work
A comparison of the images of women in selected works by Moliere and Alexandre Dumas, fils, 1978
No full textThe purpose of studying these two dramatists is to discover, to analyze and to compare the female characters in their respective plays. By so doing, the author wishes to discern their Ideas, attitudes and prejudices concerning women. The study is presented in four chapters. The introduction, which is Chapter I, presents the lives and works of Moliere and Alexandre Dumas, fils. Details of their personal life histories are given so that the reader can more fully understand the influence of the society in which they lived upon their work. Chapter II represents a study of the images of women in Moliere's theater. In this chapter one finds that females, in general, are presented as having intelligence, wit and high moral standards. In many instances women are shown to surpass men in these areas. The third chapter discusses the images of women as presented in selected plays by Alexandre Dumas, fils. It deals with Dumas's depiction of women as inferior to man in every aspect of their physical, mental and moral being. The fourth chapter is a comparison of both authors' ideas concerning the mental and moral status of women. Their ideas regarding a woman's place in marriage and society are presented. The conclusion is that Moliere, quite lenient and fair in his portrayals, fills the stage with delightful images of noble women of his era, while Dumas paints a very dismal and discouraging image of the woman of his day
- …
