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MELATIH PENALARAN SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR (SD) DALAM MEMAHAMI KONSEP BILANGAN PECAHAN DAN MENYELESAIKAN MASALAH PENJUMLAHAN DAN PENGURANGAN BILANGAN PECAHAN
Get PDFABSTRAKBilangan pecahan selalu menjadi topik yang menarik untuk dibicarakan.Mulai cara mengenalkannya sampai cara menyelesaikan masalah-masalah yang berhubungan dengan pecahan. Mengenalkanbilangan pecahan tidak semudah mengenalkan bilangan bulat. Mengenalkan bilangan pecahan kepada siswa dapat diawalidengan menggunakan benda konkrit, kemudian dengan gambar(semi konkrit), dan akhirnya mengenalkan simbol pecahan. Denganmenggunakan media tersebut, diharapkan siswa lebih mudahmemahami konsep bilangan pecahan. Artikel ini akan membahas beberapa langkah untuk melatih penalaran siswa Sekolah Dasar (SD)dalam memahami konsep bilangan pecahan dan menyelesaikanmasalah penjumlahan dan pengurangan bilangan pecahan
PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA REALISTIK (PMR)
Get PDFABSTRAKObjek yang ada dalam matermatika bersifat abstrak. Karena sifatnya yang abstrak, tidak jarang guru maupun siswa mengalami beberapakendala dalam proses pembelajaran. Untuk mengurangi tingkat keabstrakan siswa terhadap matermatika, saat ini sudah dikenalkan pembelajaran matermatika realistic (PMR). PMR lebih mendekatkanmatematika dengan lingkungan siswa. Dalam PMR guru harus mengaitkan konsep-konsep matematika dengan pengalaman siswa dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dan menerapkan kembali konsepmatermatika yang telah dimiliki siswa pada kehidupan sehari-hari. Adapun langkahlangkah dalam PMR adalah sebagai berikut:Memahami masalah kontekstual, menjelaskan masalah kontekstual, menyelesaikan masalah kontekstual, membandingkan dan mendiskusikanjawaban, menyimpulkan.Â
Analysis of Students’ Errors in Solving Differential Problems Based on Castolan Theory
No full textMateri diferensial banyak digunakan sebagai prasyarat pada materi lain dan mata kuliah lain. Namun tidak sedikit mahasiswa yang merasa kesulitan dalam mempelajarinya. Oleh karena itu tujuan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif ini adalah mendeskripsikan kesalahan-kesalahan mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah diferensial berdasarkan teori Castolan. Teori Castolan meliputi kesalahan konsep, kesalahan prosedur, dan kesalahan teknik. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap mahasiswa peserta mata kuliah matematika dasar. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode tes dan wawancara dengan instrumen pendukung berupa tiga soal tes masalah deferensial dan pedoman wawancara. Data dianalisis dengan tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa berdasarkan teori Castolan sebagian besar mahasiswa melakukan kesalahan strategi dan kesalahan hitung dan sebagian kecil melakukan kesalahan konsep. Kesalahan konsep terjadi saat mahasiswa salah menentukan rumus. Kesalahan strategi terjadi saat mahasiswa salah menggunakan rumus, tidak mampu menyelesaikan sampai bentuk yang sederhana serta ada data yang hilang. Sedangkan kesalahan hitung sebagian besar karena salah menulis atau menghitung. Adapun penyebab terjadinya kesalan tersebut karena kurang memahami konsep, belum terbiasa menyelesaikan soal yang membutuhkan memiliki keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi, serta kurang teliti Dengan mengetahui kesalahan serta penyebabnya dapat menumbuhkembangkan kreativitas dosen untuk mengatasi kesulitan yang dihadapi mahasiswa.
Differential material is widely used as a prerequisite for other materials and other courses. But not a few students who find it difficult to learn it. Therefore, the purpose of this qualitative descriptive research is to describe students’ mistakes in solving differential problems based on the Castor theory. Castor’s theory includes conceptual errors, procedural errors, and technical errors. The research was conducted on students participating in basic mathematics courses. Data was collected by test and interview methods. The supporting instruments used were three differential problem tests and an interview guide. The student answers were then analyzed to see which represented the most errors. Test the validity of the data using technical triangulation. Data were analyzed with the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study found that most students made procedural and technical errors, and a few made conceptual errors. Conceptual errors occur when students incorrectly determine the formula. Strategy errors occur when students use the wrong formula, are unable to complete a simple form, and there is missing data. While the technical errors are mostly due to wrong writing or counting. The cause of this errors is because they do not understand the concept, are not used to solving problems that require high-level thinking skills and are not thorough
Kampus Mengajar: Developing Literacy and Numeracy Skills of Elementary School Students
Get PDFThis research aims to determine the implementation of the Teaching Campus as an effort to grow the literacy ability of elementary school students. The method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The subjects of the research consisted of students of SD Budi Yakin Surabaya and students of SDN Langkap Madura. Data were collected using questionnaires, interviews, and documentation techniques. The results showed that students' literacy and numeracy skills have grown and developed. This can be seen from the increased understanding of the material learned, students can retell their reading results well. Students' dependence on teachers when working on LKS is reduced. The recommendation for campuses is that campuses must be able to prepare students' abilities as well as possible so that campus teaching programs provide benefits to schools
Learning practice in mathematics education department of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya during covid-19 pandemic
Get PDFAbstract. The purpose of this research is to describe the practice of learning during thecovid-19 pandemic in Mathematics Educations Department at Teacher Training andEducation Faculty of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya (UM Surabaya). The research used descriptive explorative methods with qualitative approach. The research subjects consisted of students and lecturers in the mathematics education department at Teacher Training and Education Faculty of UM Surabaya. Data collected by documentation, questionnaire, and interview techniques. Triangulation of sources was used to test data validity. Data from students were compared by lecturers‘ data. The data were analysed through three stages, i.e., reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that during the covid-19 pandemic, there are four alternatives learning practices implemented by lecturers. Each alternative consist of 3 stages: delivery, activity, and assessment. The online media used were Zoom, WhatsApp, YouTube, e-mail and Google Meet. The most effective online learning media according to lecturers is Zoom. Meanwhile, according to students, the most effective online media is YouTube. The obstacles faced by students and lecturers are internet network and quota. The learning practices carried out by lecturers during the covid-19 pandemic helped students to keep learnin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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