10 research outputs found
Study on the Risk Factors of Foot and Mouth Disease in Selected Districts of Afar Pastoral Area, Northeast Ethiopia
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Men's Attitude towards Contraceptive Use in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis of 2000 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
No full textIn Ethiopia, family planning program is women slanting. Men '.r exclusion fromfamily planning strongly affects their preferred family size and attitude towardscOnlraceptive use. Some researchers also concluded toot women's attitude towardscontraception is strongly affected by their husband's attitudes. This article isdesigned to examine the influence of husband's attitude towards couple's currentcontraceptive use in Ethiopia. The 2000 Ethiopian Demographic Health Su",ey datais used as main data source. The qualitative data is also collected rhrough in·depthinte",iew from thirty·six currently married men in four regions (Tigray, Amhara,Oromiya and SNNPR). BOlh bivariate and multivariate analyses are applied in thestudy. Multilevel modeling was also further developed to identify the possiblecommunity level variation on couple 's current contraceptive use. Both bivariate andmultivariate analysis results showed that husband's approval of contraceptive /Lieand couple communicarion are statistically signijicanJ (at p<O.OI level ofsignificance) in contraceptive use, indicating that husbands who approve and discussfamily planning with partners oove positive altitude towards contraceptive use.Moreover, significant community level variations have beet! found in the multilevelmodel, demonstraring rhe existence of variation in husbands' attitude towardscontraceptive use across communities. The author suggests thaI the policy effortshould be made to enable men for realizing the positive consequence of theirapproval and discussion regarding family planning. Furthermore, the exisringfamilyplanning program in Ethiopia should focus on changing men's altitude towardsfamily planning
Updating the global occurrence of Culicoides imicola, a vector for emerging viral diseases
No full textAuthor response to: Clean Cut (adaptive, multimodal surgical infection prevention programme) for low-resource settings: a prospective quality improvement study
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How Ethiopia achieved Millennium Development Goal 4 through multisectoral interventions: a Countdown to 2015 case study
No full textBackground 3 years before the 2015 deadline, Ethiopia achieved Millennium Development Goal 4. The under-5 mortality decreased 69%, from 205 deaths per 1000 livebirths in 1990 to 64 deaths per 1000 livebirths in 2013. To understand the underlying factors that contributed to the success in achieving MDG4, Ethiopia was selected as a Countdown to 2015 case study. Methods We used a set of complementary methods to analyse progress in child health in Ethiopia between 1990 and 2014. We used Demographic Health Surveys to analyse trends in coverage and equity of key reproductive, maternal health, and child health indicators. Standardised tools developed by the Countdown Health Systems and Policies working group were used to understand the timing and content of health and non-health policies. We assessed longitudinal trends in health-system investment through a financial analysis of National Health Accounts, and we used the Lives Saved Tool (LiST) to assess the contribution of interventions towards reducing under-5 mortality. Findings The annual rate of reduction in under-5 mortality increased from 3.3% in 1990-2005 to 7.8% in 2005-13. The prevalence of stunting decreased from 60% in 2000 to 40% in 2014. Overall levels of coverage of reproductive, maternal health, and child health indicators remained low, with disparities between the lowest and highest wealth quintiles despite improvement in coverage for essential health interventions. Coverage of child immunisation increased the most (21% of children in 2000 vs 80% of children in 2014), followed by coverage of satisfied demand for family planning by women of reproductive age (19%vs63%). Provision of antenatal care increased from 10% of women in 2000 to 32% of women in 2014, but only 15% of women delivered with a skilled birth attendant by 2014. A large upturn occurred after 2005, bolstered by a rapid increase in health funding that facilitated the accelerated expansion of health infrastructure and workforce through an innovative community-based delivery system. The LiST model could explain almost 50% of the observed reduction in child mortality between 2000 and 2011; and changes in nutritional status were responsible for about 50% of the 469 000 lives saved between 2000 and 2011. These developments occurred within a multisectoral policy platform, integrating child survival and stunting goals within macro-level policies and programmes for reducing poverty and improving agricultural productivity, food security, water supply, and sanitation. Interpretation The reduction of under-5 mortality in Ethiopia was the result of combined activities in health, nutrition, and non-health sectors. However, Ethiopia still has high neonatal and maternal morbidity and mortality from preventable causes and an unfinished agenda in reducing inequalities, improving coverage of effective interventions, and strengthening multisectoral partnerships for further progress. Copyright (C) The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.publishedVersio
Enhancing Wind Erosion Monitoring and Assessment for U.S. Rangelands
No full textWind erosion is a major resource concern for rangeland managers because it can impact soil health, ecosystem structure and function, hydrologic processes, agricultural production, and air quality. Despite its significance, little is known about which landscapes are eroding, by how much, and when. The National Wind Erosion Research Network was established in 2014 to develop tools for monitoring and assessing wind erosion and dust emissions across the United States. The Network, currently consisting of 13 sites, creates opportunities to enhance existing rangeland soil, vegetation, and air quality monitoring programs. Decision-support tools developed by the Network will improve the prediction and management of wind erosion across rangeland ecosystems. © 2017 The Author(s)The Rangelands archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information
Progress in health among regions of Ethiopia, 1990-2019 : a subnational country analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textAbstract: Background Previous Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) studies have reported national health estimates for Ethiopia. Substantial regional variations in socioeconomic status, population, demography, and access to health care within Ethiopia require comparable estimates at the subnational level. The GBD 2019 Ethiopia subnational analysis aimed to measure the progress and disparities in health across nine regions and two chartered cities. Methods We gathered 1057 distinct data sources for Ethiopia and all regions and cities that included census, demographic surveillance, household surveys, disease registry, health service use, disease notifications, and other data for this analysis. Using all available data sources, we estimated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), total fertility rate (TFR), life expectancy, years of life lost, years lived with disability, disability-adjusted life-years, and risk-factor-attributable health loss with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for Ethiopia's nine regions and two chartered cities from 1990 to 2019. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, cause of death ensemble model, Bayesian meta-regression tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, and other models were used to generate fertility, mortality, cause of death, and disability rates. The risk factor attribution estimations followed the general framework established for comparative risk assessment. Findings The SDI steadily improved in all regions and cities from 1990 to 2019, yet the disparity between the highest and lowest SDI increased by 54% during that period. The TFR declined from 6.91 (95% UI 6.59-7.20) in 1990 to 4.43 (4.01-4.92) in 2019, but the magnitude of decline also varied substantially among regions and cities. In 2019, TFR ranged from 6.41 (5.96-6.86) in Somali to 1.50 (1.26-1.80) in Addis Ababa. Life expectancy improved in Ethiopia by 21.93 years (21.79-22.07), from 46.91 years (45.71-48.11) in 1990 to 68.84 years (67.51-70.18) in 2019. Addis Ababa had the highest life expectancy at 70.86 years (68.91-72.65) in 2019; Afar and Benishangul-Gumuz had the lowest at 63.74 years (61.53-66.01) for Afar and 64.28 (61.99-66.63) for Benishangul-Gumuz. The overall increases in life expectancy were driven by declines in under-5 mortality and mortality from common infectious diseases, nutritional deficiency, and war and conflict. In 2019, the age-standardised all-cause death rate was the highest in Afar at 1353.38 per 100 000 population (1195.69-1526.19). The leading causes of premature mortality for all sexes in Ethiopia in 2019 were neonatal disorders, diarrhoeal diseases, lower respiratory infections, tuberculosis, stroke, HIV/AIDS, ischaemic heart disease, cirrhosis, congenital defects, and diabetes. With high SDIs and life expectancy for all sexes, Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa, and Harari had low rates of premature mortality from the five leading causes, whereas regions with low SDIs and life expectancy for all sexes (Afar and Somali) had high rates of premature mortality from the leading causes. In 2019, child and maternal malnutrition; unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing; air pollution; high systolic blood pressure; alcohol use; and high fasting plasma glucose were the leading risk factors for health loss across regions and cities. Interpretation There were substantial improvements in health over the past three decades across regions and chartered cities in Ethiopia. However, the progress, measured in SDI, life expectancy, TFR, premature mortality, disability, and risk factors, was not uniform. Federal and regional health policy makers should match strategies, resources, and interventions to disease burden and risk factors across regions and cities to achieve national and regional plans, Sustainable Development Goals, and universal health coverage targets. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd
Education Research Gender, Education and Development - A Partially Annotated and Selective Bibliography
No full textCommunity/Rural/Urban Development,
Anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2018
No full textAnemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000–2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15–49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations
