20 research outputs found
Keragaman Pertanaman Cengkeh di Propinsi Sulawesi Utara
No full textCengkeh merupakan komoditas perkebunan utama di Propinsi Sulawesi Utara dengan luas 7.112 ha. Produksi 1988/1989 sebanyak 932 ton. Karakteristik lokasi di daerah Sulawesi Utara sebagian sangat ideal untuk pertanaman cengkeh. Namun tidak dipelihara menurut teknologi yang dianjurkan. Keragaman jenisnya tidak sebanyak di Maluku, dan fluktuasi produksinya terjadi antara 4-5 tahun sekali. Produksi bervariasi antara 11-694 kg per ha pada saat panen raya. Tipe cengkeh yang banyak dibudidayakan adalah tipe Siputih, Sikotok dan Zanzibar. Turunan. Turunan AFO di daerah Kecamatan Eris hanya 5 pohon. Harga bunga cengkeh kering pada tahun 1988 sangat rendah (tertinggi Rp. 2000,- per kg). penggerek batang merupakan hama utama kemudian gangguan penyakit : Gugur daun cengkeh (GDC), mati ranting, bercak daun, dan jamur sarang laba-laba. Sedangkan gejala penyakit Bakteri Pembuluh Kayu Cengkeh (BPKC) tidak ditemukan
Pengujian Beberapa Metode Isolasi Mikroorganisme Rimpang Jahe
No full texttesting of different isolation method of microorganisms from ginger rhizomes.Common method of isolation of pathogenic fungi from the rhizome of ginger is direct isolation planting. However, a modification is some time needed to find pathogenic and saphrophytic fungi in the rhizome. Nine midified methods of isolation were tested in the isolation of fungi from the rhizome of ginger collected from market and field, by using PDA medium. It was showed that by wasting diseased rhizomes, more species of fungi were isolated and the isolates grew more rapidly Particullarly storage fungi from rhizomes collected from market. Species of fungi were found in this study such as Cephalosporium sp., Trichoderma sp., Penicillium sp., Mucor sp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus sp., Chalaropsis sp., Gliocladium sp., Rhizopus sp., Gloeosporium sp., Fusarium oxysporum, F. moniliformae, F. equiseti, Fusarium sp
Pemberian Agrimicin, Abu Sekam, Ekstrak Bawang Merah dan Bawang Putih Pada Tanah Terkontaminasi Pseudomonas solanacearum Untuk Pertanaman Jahe
No full textThe application of hull ash, onion and garlic extracts on the soil for ginger plantation infected by Pseudomonas solanacearum.A pathogen of ginger rhizome rot (bacterial wilt) to persist in the soil and therefore becomes a threat to the following ginger crop. Such problem always arises despite the manipulation of the soil conditions, as long as ginger is available as host on the land.A green house trial applying Agrimicin, ash of rice husk, extract of onion and garlic was conducted at Balittro (Research Institute for Spices and Medicinal Crops), Bogor, in an effort to minimize the disease intensity.The results showed that the application of rice hust ash or onion extract suppressed the disease intensity on ginger up to months after transplanting. The Agrimicyn could only suppressed the disease up to 44 days after transplanting and the infection intensified rapidly there after to reach a rate of 55%, at the age of 71 days.These results open an opportunity to growing ginger continuously on the same land provided that the crop is harvested early, at the age of 3 months
Respon Daun Beberapa Genotipa Pala Terhadap B. theobromae
No full textPala merupakan salah satu tanaman Penting sebagai bahan baku rempah dan minyak atsiri, berasal dari kepulauan Maluku( Pulau Banda, Ternate dan Tidore) dan Irian Jaya. Salah satu pathogen yang berpotensi meyebabkan kerusakan pada tanaman pala adalah Botryodiplodia theobromae, yang juga menyerang jambu mente dan tanaman lainya. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengevaluasi ketahanan daun 47 genotipa pala terhadap Inokulasi B. theobromae. Daun pala diambil dari tanaman berumur 1,5 tahun yang di tanam di kebun percobaan Cimanggu dan Kebun Instalasi Cicurug . Jawa Barat. Percobaan di lakukan di laboratorium dengan menginokulasikan B. theobromae pada daun pala yang di simpan dalam kotak plastik yang di beri pelembap. Hasil percobaan menunjukan B. theobromae dapat menginfeki daun semua genotipa .pala yang diuji.namun , berdasarkan data presentase lebar dan panjang daun daun terinfeksi dapat di ketahui bahwa daun pala genotipa Manado 57, Banda 5, Tidore Jaya 427 termasuk yang paling kecil presentase infeksinya.Hasil bioassay ekstrak kasar daun pala yang di suntikan ke dalam daun melalui lapisan epidermisnya menyebabkan sel-sel jaringan daun mati berwarna kecokelatan. Dengan demikian diduga bahwa mekanisme kerusakan pada daun di sebabkan oleh di hasilkannya senyawa toksin oleh B. theobromae
Keragaman Produksi Plasma Nutfah Pala (Myristica fragrans) di KP Cicurug
No full text<p>Nutmeg known as a major spice in the world. The plant originated from Moluccas island of Indonesia. It is an evergreen tree with 4-10 m height and sometimes up to 20 m. The plant is a dioecious, start bearing fruit at 5 to 8 years after planting, and before reaching generative period it can not be distinguish whether the plant is a male or female plant. Nutmeg has an ovale to rounded fruit shape with 1-10 cm long with thin to thick fleshly fruit and creamy white colour. Nutmeg seed surrounded by arils which is famous known as mace, usually with red colour and the major constituent is myristicin. Collecting of nutmeg at Moluccas, North Sulawesi and Papua obtained 430 seeds from several different locality and the plant were planted with 8 m x 8 m space row at Cicurug garden Sukabumi-West Java, 500 m above sea level, in 1992 and 1993. So far the remaining plant were only 368 trees. Observation of nutmeg yield was carried out in 5 years (2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, and 2005) to those collection to evaluate their yield variation and continuity. T-test were used to estimate the plant with better yield. Result showed that there were high variation in nutmeg fruit yield among and between locality represented value of variation almost 100%. Less than 50 plant have a relative yield continuity, moreover they were only 7 trees which has cumulative yield more than 4000 fruits/tree i.e. Bagea Yan Maliaro 213, Banda 11, Botol 137, Kupal 139, Patani 25, Patani 32, and Patani 33. The cumulative yield per tree ranged from 0-7808 fruits with the average 1195 nut/tree. Harvesting nutmeg fruit at Cicurug garden was done almost all year around, with the peak harvest in Mei to June.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Pala (Myristica fragrans) telah sejak lama dikenal sebagai rempah utama dunia. Merupakan tanaman asli Indonesia, khususnya Maluku, pala tumbuh hingga tinggi tanaman 4-10 m dan kadang mencapai 20 m. Tanaman pala mulai berbuah umur 5-8 tahun, bersifat dioecious (berumah dua), sebelum fase berbuah, antara pohon jantan dan betina sulit dibedakan. Buah berbentuk bulat sampai agak lonjong dengan panjang antara 1-10 cm, berdaging tipis sampai agak tebal dengan warna daging buah krem putih. Biji dengan kulit biji keras dan diselubungi oleh salut biji (arilus) dan lebih dikenal dengan nama fuli, bersifat aromatik dengan kandungan senyawa utama myristicin. Eksplorasi pada berbagai daerah dan sentra produksi pala di kepulauan Maluku, Irian Jaya, dan Sulawesi Utara telah berhasil dikumpulkan 430 nomor pohon yang terdiri dari berbagai tipe yang didasarkan pada daerah asal koleksi. Tanaman ditanam tahun 1992 dan 1993 di KP Cicurug pada ketinggian tempat 500 m dpl, dengan jarak tanam 8 m x 8 m dan yang masih hidup 368 nomor pohon. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengamatan terhadap produksi tanaman pala hasil koleksi tersebut untuk mengetahui variasi, distribusi, dan kontinuitas produksi. Pengamatan terhadap produksi dilakukan selama lima tahun produksi, yaitu tahun 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, dan 2005, kemudian dihitung keragaman dan kontinuitas produksinya dan dilakukan uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh nomor berbeda dari tahun ke tahun. Tingkat produksi bervariasi, baik antartipe maupun dalam tipe yang sama dengan nilai keragaman 100%. Kisaran produksi buah per pohon secara kumulatif selama 5 tahun produksi adalah 0-7808 butir per pohon dengan rata-rata 1195 butir/pohon. Dari semua koleksi tanaman hanya 37 nomor yang mempunyai produksi relatif kontinu dan 7 di antaranya memiliki produksi kumulatif di atas 4000 butir per pohon, yaitu Bagea Yan Maliaro 213, Banda 11, Botol 137, Kupal 139, Patani 25, Patani 32, dan Patani 33. Panen buah pala berlangsung hampir sepanjang tahun, namun panen buah terbanyak terjadi pada bulan Mei-Juni.</p></jats:p
Adiabatic quantum pumping through surface states in 3D topological insulators
No full textWe investigate adiabatic quantum pumping of ballistic Dirac fermions on the surface of a strong three-dimensional topological insulator. Two different geometries are studied in detail, a normal metal–ferromagnetic–normal metal (NFN) junction and a ferromagnetic–normal metal–ferromagnetic (FNF) junction. Using a scattering matrix approach, we show that each time a new resonant mode appears in the transport window the pumped current exhibits a maximum and provide a detailed analysis of the position of these maxima. We also predict a characteristic difference between the pumped current in NFN- and FNF-junctions: whereas the former vanishes for carriers at normal incidence, the latter is finite due to the different nature of wavefunction interference in the junctions. Finally, we predict an experimentally distinguishable difference between the pumped current and the conductance.Quantum NanoscienceApplied Science
TINJAUAN KRITIS TERHADAP KONSEP IDEOLOGIS KEPENGARANGAN INDONESIA : KAJIAN SOSIOLOGIS
Get PDFIndonesian writers continue to race across the ocean of globalization and technology. Those who come from various regions, fused into a large community as citizens of the world literature, sow among a number of mirage and cyberspace. An Indonesia poet or author has diverse languages, in accordance with the ideological background (worldview) authorship respectively. Ideology means a way of thinking or way of life of a person or a group. This paper assesses the ideology of Indonesia authorship in terms of sosilogi. Sociology is the study of society or community. Through this sociological theory discovered the concept of Indonesian author diverse ideologies. Indonesian author is able to create an ideology novelty literary language in conditions of globalization regime. Through literature, the authors of Indonesia express ideas and thoughts for the people of Indonesia
Alternatif Konsep Kelembagaan untuk Penajaman Operasionalisasi dalam Penelitian Sosiologi
Get PDFEnglishThe experts have no the same perception regarding the term of “institution”. This leads to unworkable definitions and concepts. This paper reviews the existing thoughts, especially those related with the term of “organization”, and simplifies them to formulate an easier concept which enables scientists and practitioners to work with. Different meanings exist due to different points of views of the experts, especially in early stage of sociology development. Sine 1950’s, social institution and social organization have been distinguished strictly. The author proposes a solution, i.e., the term of “institution” to mention the social system in which it is classified into two important components, namely “institutional aspect” and “organizational aspect”. Through this differentiation, it is expected that the analysis becomes more detailed, signifies the strong and weak aspects, and enables to choose the strategy of developing it.IndonesianIstilah “kelembagaan” belum memperoleh kesamaan pengertian di kalangan para ahli. Hal ini menyebabkan munculnya beberapa pengertian dan konsep yang menyebabkan tidak dapat dioperasionalkan. Tulisan ini berusaha melakukan tinjauan (review) seluruh pemikiran yang berkembang, terutama kaitannya dengan istilah “organisasi”, untuk kemudian merumuskan satu konsep yang lebih mudah sehingga dapat dipergunakan baik untuk kalangan ilmuwan maupun praktisi. Ketidaksamaan pemaknaan terjadi karena setiap ahli memiliki titik pandang yang berbeda dalam membahasnya, terutama pda masa-masa awal perkembangan sosiologi. Namun, semenjak era 1950-an, sesungguhnya sudah terlihat adanya pembedaan yang tegas antara kelembagaan (social institution) dan organisasi (social organization). Sebagai solusinya, penulis menggunakan istilah “kelembagaan” untuk menyebut suatu sistem sosial dimaksud, yang didalamnya dapat dibagi menjadi dua komponen penting, yaitu “aspek kelembagaan” dan “aspek keorganisasian”. Dengan membedakan seperti ini, maka analisa dapat lebih mendalam, dapat diketahui aspek apa yang kuat dan lemah, serta dapat memilih strategi untuk pengembangannya
TANTANGAN PENGINTEGRASIAN JAMINAN KESEHATAN DAERAH KE DALAM JAMINAN KESEHATAN NASIONAL UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN CAKUPAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN UNIVERSAL
Get PDFThis study is to review the facts in the health care field, where WHO has agreed to achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in 2014. UHC is a health system that ensures every citizen in the population has fair access to a qualified promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative health care at reasonable costs. Universal coverage contains two core elements namely equitable access to qualified health services for every citizen, and the protection of financial risks when people use health services. Indonesia is currently in transition towards UHC. Law No. 40 Year 2004 about National Social Security System (UU SJSN)' has answered the basic principles of UHC by requiring every citizen to have access to comprehensive health services that are needed through pre-effort system. Then, the author will formulate solutions to these problems which can be seen as a recommendation for the implementation of health care development. Problem solving methods used in formulating solutions to problems are policy analysis using William Dunn and Abidin's theory, and the Fishbone Diagram. Based on the analysis, the author advises the need to arrange a formulation that meets the demands of integration of Jamkesda into JKN. Formulation of policies which have been directed towards the centralization of health financing through JKN program must be balanced by providing a flexible space for local governments to participate in decision making processes dynamically. This formulation is called Centralized Dynamic Integration policy formulation.Â
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas VII Smplb Karya Mulia Surabaya Menulis Buku Harian melalui Pemetaan Pikiran dengan Baling-Baling Berwarna
Get PDFWriting a diary with colorful propeller mind mapping method is an innovative method to enhance the 7th grade hearing impaired students' capabilities and skills of writing in Karya Mulia Special Secondary School for Students with Disabilities (SMPLB) Surabaya. This innovative effort was based on the constraints or obstacles to teach hearing impaired students in developing the abilities and skills of writing a diary that were still far below the average of minimum completion criteria (KKM). To find out the extent of this innovative method's implementation's impact, the author wanted to do a class action research (PTK) that includes 3 cycles where two-time meetings were conducted in each cycle. The research was started from the pre action activities continued to a cycle-1, cycle-2, to cycle-3. The result indicates that there has been improvements in 7th grade student's learning outcome in writing a diary through mind mapping mehod using learn to write diary through colorful propeller mapping method AsbtrakMenulis buku harian melalui metode pemetaan pikiran (mind mapping) dengan menggunakan Baling-Baling berwarna merupakan metode inovatif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan dan keterampilan menulis buku harian siswa tuna rungu kelas VII SMPLB Karya Mulia Surabaya. Upaya inovatif ini beranjak dari kendala/hambatan sebelumnya dalam membelajarkan siswa tuna rungu mengembangkan kemampuan dan keterampilan menulis Buku Harian yang hasilnya berada jauh di bawah rata-rata Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimum (KKM). Untuk mengetahui sejauh mana dampak dari penerapan metode inovatif ini, penulis melakukan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang mencakup 3 siklus dan setiap siklus terdiri dari dua kali pertemuan. Penelitian dimulai dari kegiatan pra tindakan, dilanjutkan dengan siklus-1, siklus-2, sampai dengan siklus-3. Hasil penelitian tindakan kelas menunjukkan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar siswa kelas VII SMPLB Karya Mulia Surabaya dalam menulis buku harian melalui metode pemetaan pikiran dengan Baling-Baling berwarn
