104,633 research outputs found
Eine regionale Zeitung als Aufbewahrungsort für sprichwörtliche Ausdrücke – Sprichwörter in SMS-Nachrichten
No full textThe article participates on the discussion how reproducible language units, in this case proverbs and proverbial sentences, could be detected in a corpus of speech in written form. The study confirms that proverbs remain a part of contemporary Finnish communication and everyday language, although the context of use has changed over the period which Finnish proverbs have been collected (i.e. over two centuries). Most traditional proverbs still contain agrarian terms and are relatively permanent expressions, but nowadays they are often used in a new context and with a new meaning. The corpus in question consists about 70,000 unedited text-messages sent to be published as short letters to the editor and aimed at the readers of the daily Finnish regional newspaper. These messages include more than 7000 expressions that are connected with proverbs. Although the paper examines Finnish proverbs and uses Finnish examples, many of the processes and challenges are the same, no matter which language or culture is being examined.Der Beitrag konzentriert sich auf Sprichwörter im alltäglichen Gebrauch Finnlands des frühen 21. Jahrhunderts sowie die Frage, wie diese im alltäglichen Kontext wahrgenommen werden können. Zeitgenössisch verwendete Sprichwörter können traditionelle wie auch moderne und biblische sein. Auch können sie Verweise auf diese sein, da Sprichwörter bekannt sein müssen, damit Verweise auf sie möglich sind. Das gesamte Material besteht aus etwa 70,000 unveröffentlichten SMS, eingesandt zwischen 2006 und 2010, um als Zuschriften, gerichtet an die Leser der Zeitung, Sprichwörter sind ein Teil der Umgangssprache mit der die Menschen vertraut sind. Für viele stellen sie etwas vertrautes, heimisches und traditionsverbundenes dar, während sie zugleich auch eine moderne finnische Denkweise zum Ausdruck bringen. Die Verwendung eines Sprichworts verstößt gegen eine oder mehrere Kategorien, die in Grice’ Kooperationsprinzip beinhaltet sind, und führt dazu, dass sich eine Äußerung vom laufenden Diskurs unterscheidet. Grice’ Kooperationsprinzip kann dazu verwendet werden, um nicht spezifizierte Sprichwörter in unterschiedlichen Materialien aufzuspüren. Da ein Sprichwort im alltäglichen Gebrauch lebendig ist, solange auf es verwiesen wird, müssen wir uns die Sprichwörter, die verkürzten Sprichwörter oder Verweise und Anspielungen auf sie ansehen. Grice’ Kooperationsprinzip hingegen könnte uns helfen, Sprichwörter in der Umgangssprache (mündlich und schriftlich) wahrzunehmen, wenngleich es auch das Verweisproblem nicht löst. Ausdrucksstarke Sprache, verstanden als Gesamtheit aussagekräftiger Äußerungen, wie zum Beispiel Sprichwörter, verweist sicherlich auf aussagekräftige Verweise, die eine Interpretation zulassen; wenngleich auch die Interpretation oder die verstandene Bedeutung kaum für alle gleich ist – nicht einmal für die Parteien im Gesprächsaustausch.University of Turku, FinlandSSS = Salon Seudun Sanomat [Salo District Newspaper], a regional Finnish daily newspaper.Badiou, Alain. 2009. Being and Event. New York: Continuum.The Bible. The Holy Bible in Basic English. www.o-bible.com/bbe.htmlBriggs, Charles L. 1988. Competence in Performance. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Dundes, Alan. 1994. On the Structure of the Proverb. In: Mieder, Wolfgang; Dundes Alan (eds). 43–64.Ferretti, Todd R. et al.. 2007. Electrophysiological and Behavioral Measures of the Influence of Literal and Figurative Contextual Constraints on Proverb Comprehension. Brain and Language 101 (1), 38–49.Frege, Gottlob. 2000 [1879]. On the scientific justification of a conceptual notation. In: Gottlob Frege (ed.). Conceptual notation and related articles, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 83–89.Granbom-Herranen, Liisa. 2008. Sananlaskut kasvatuspuheessa – perinnettä, kasvatusta, indoktrinaatiota? Ph.D. diss. University of Jyväskylä. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-39-3111-7 Retrieved 15.12.2018.Granbom-Herranen, Liisa. 2011. How Do Proverbs Get Their Meanings? The Model of Interpretation Based on a Metaphor Theory. In: Białostockie Archiwum Językowe nr. 10: 47–67.Granbom-Herranen, Liisa. 2013a. Some theoretical aspects of processes behind the meanings of proverbs and phrases. In: Szerszunowicz, Joanna et al. (eds). Research on Phraseology Across Continents, Vol. 2. University of Białymstoku Publishing House, 372–388.Granbom-Herranen, Liisa. 2013b. “Newspapers are the schoolmasters of the common people” – Some paremiological notes of proverbs in a Finnish newspaper. In: Rui J. B. Soares and Outi Lauhakangas (eds). 6th Interdisciplinary Colloquium on Proverbs, Proceedings. Tavira: International Association of Proverbs, 315–328.Granbom-Herranen, Liisa. 2014a. Beyond understanding: how proverbs violate Grice’s cooperative principle. In: Baran, Anneli et al. (eds). Scala Naturae. Festschrift in Honour of Arvo Krikmann. Tartu: ELM Scholarly Press, 107–120.Granbom-Herranen, Liisa. 2014b. SMS-messages – context for traditional and modern proverbs. In: Jesenšek, Vida; Dobrovol’skij, Dmitrij (eds). Phraseologie und Kultur / Phraseology and Culture, Maribor: Filozofska fakulteta, 367–381.Granbom-Herranen, Liisa. 2016a. The genre of proverb – a relic or very much alive? In: Koski, Kaarina et al. (eds). Genre – Text – Interpretation: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Folklore and Beyond. Helsinki: SKS, 317–339. https://oa.finlit.fi/site/books/10.21435/sff.22/ Retrieved 15.12.2018.Granbom-Herranen, Liisa. 2016b. SMS-messages in daily newspaper – the context of proverb performance. Traditiones, 45/3, 43–60. https://ojs.zrc-sazu.si/traditiones/article/view/4827/4439 Retrieved 15.12.2018.Granbom-Herranen, Liisa. 2017. Titles of TV programmes in Finnish newspapers: a context for proverbs in contemporary use. Intercontinental Dialogue on Phraseology 4. University of Białymstoku.Granbom-Herranen, Liisa. 2018. Proverbs in SMS messages: Archaic and modern communication. Ph.D. diss. University of Turku. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-29-
7322-4 [electronic version on line] Retrieved 15.12.2018.Grice, H. Paul. 1975. Logic and Conversation. In: Cole, Peter; Morgan, Jerry L. (eds). Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts. New York: Academic Press, 41–58.Grice, H. Paul. 1989. Studies in the Way of Words. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press.Grzybek, Peter. 1987. Foundations of semiotic proverb study. – Proverbium. An International Yearbook of Proverb Scholarship vol. 4: 39-85.Headland, Thomas N. et al. (eds). 1990. Emics and Etics: The Insider/Outsider Debate (Frontiers of Anthropology; 7). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Honko, Lauri. 1989. Folkloristic Theories of Genre. In: Siikala, Anna-Leena (ed.). Studies in Oral Narrative. Studia Fennica 33. Helsinki: SKS, 13–28.Honko, Lauri. 1998. Textualising the Siri Epic. Helsinki: Suomalainen tiedeakatemia (Academia Scientiarum Fennica).KOTUS = Sananparsikokoelma. Kotimaisten kieltenkeskus http://kaino.kotus.fi/korpus/sp/meta/sp coll rdf.xml Retrieved 15.12.2018.Krikmann, Arvo. 1997. Sissevaateid folkloori lühivormidesse I. Põhimõisteid, žanrisuhteid, üldprobleeme. Tartu Ülikool.Krikmann, Arvo. 2004. Koestler, Raskin, Attardo ja teised: Lingvistiliste huumoriteooriate uuemaist arenguist. Tartu: Eesti Kirjandusmuuseum.Krikmann, Arvo. 2009a. On denotative indefiniteness of proverbs: remarks on proverb semantics 1. In: Mieder, Wolfgang (ed.). Proverb semantics. Studies in Structure, Logic, and Metaphor by Arvo Krikmann. The University of Vermont, 15–50.Krikmann, Arvo. 2009b. Some Additional Aspects of Semantic Indefiniteness of Proverbs: Remarks on Proverb Semantics 2. In: Mieder, Wolfgang (ed.). Proverb semantics. Studies in Structure, Logic, and Metaphor by Arvo Krikmann. The University of Vermont, 51–78.Krikmann, Arvo. 2017a [1975]. Laustud sõna lagub. Valik eesti vanasõnu. Loomingu Raamatukogu 2017/1–2, vol. LXI. Tallinn.Krikmann, Arvo. 2017b. Habent sua fata libelli. Laustud sõna lagumise lugu. In: Krikmann, Arvo (ed.). Laustud sõna lagub. Valik eesti vanasõnu. Loomingu Raamatukogu 2017/1–2, vol LXI. Tallinn, 101–104.Kuusi, Matti. 1983. Maria Luukan laulut ja loitsut. Tutkimus läntisimmän Inkerin suomalaisperinteestä. Helsinki: SKS.Kuusi, Matti (ed.). 1990 (1953). Vanhan kansan sananlaskuviisaus. Helsinki: WSOY.Laukkanen, Kari: Hakamies, Pekka (eds). 1997 (1978). Sananlaskut. Helsinki: SKS.Leino, Eino. 1978. Hymyilevä Apollo. Helsinki: Otava.Mieder, Wolfgang. 1994. Paremiological Minimum and Cultural Literacy. In: Mieder, Wolfgang (ed.). Wise Words. Essays on the Proverb. New York: Garland, 297–316.Mieder, Wolfgang. 2004. Proverbs. A Handbook. Westport, Connecticut & London: Greenwood Press.Nirvi, Ruben Erik; Hakulinen, Lauri (eds). 1953 (1948). Suomen kansan sananparsikirja. Porvoo: WSOY.Rott, Hans. 2000. Words in context: Fregean elucidations. Linguistics and Philosophy. Vol. 23. 621–641.Räsänen, Matti. 2017. Satavuotiaan Suomen kielet. Kielikello 4/2017. https://www.kielikello.fi/-/satavuotiaan-suomen-kielet Retrieved 15.12.2018.Taylor, Archer. 1981. The Wisdom of Many and the Wit of One. In: Mieder, Wolfgang; Dundes, Alan (eds). The Wisdom of Many. Essays on the Proverb. New York & London: Garland, 3–9.Vygotsky, Lev. 1967. Thought and Language, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.1012113
Om hemmans besutenhet och beskattning, eller, Försök till extraordinarie skattläggnings method af H. J. Kjöllerfeldt
No full textImprimatur: F. Granbom
Tillägg och upplysning om hemmans eller lägenheters besutenhet och beskattning af H. J. Kjöllerfeldt
No full textImprimatur: F. Granbom
Om hemmans eller lägenheters besutenhet och beskattning af H. J. Kjöllerfeldt
No full textImprimatur: F. Granbom
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
Contribution of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Country’S H-Index
No full textThe aim of this study is to examine the effect of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) development on country’s scientific ranking as measured by H-index. Moreover, this study applies ICT development sub-indices including ICT Use, ICT Access and ICT skill to find the distinct effect of these sub-indices on country’s H-index. To this purpose, required data for the panel of 14 Middle East countries over the period 1995 to 2009 is collected. Findings of the current study show that ICT development increases the H-index of the sample countries. The results also indicate that ICT Use and ICT Skill sub-indices positively contribute to higher H-index but the effect of ICT access on country’s H-index is not clear
On nonlinear machine learning methodology for dose-response data in drug discovery
No full textThis thesis investigates novel approaches to use nonlinear methodology for doseresponse
data in drug discovery. Such methodology could potentially create insights
and value within the field, saving resources such as time and usage of animals in
experiments. Methods for dimensionality reduction and visualization, as well as
methods for classification of compounds into clinical classes based on therapeutic
usage, are investigated. The thesis builds partly upon previous research where linear
methods, based on partial least squares and principal component analysis, have been
used for dimensionality reduction in drug discovery. By using results from linear
methods as a benchmark, this thesis investigates the nonlinear methods kernel partial
least squares and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding for dimensionality
reduction. Moreover, methods for classification of compounds are investigated using
the linear method multinomial logistic regression as well as the nonlinear methods
random forest and multi-layer perceptron networks.
Results from nonlinear methods for dimensionality reduction do not detect any
distinctly new patterns or clusters, compared to linear methodology. However, some
results are promising to build upon in further methodology development.
The best performing classification method shows results corresponding to wellknown
effects for 70.6% of the compounds evaluated. Moreover, classifications of
11.8% of the compounds indicate potentially unknown effects, which are considered
interesting and could be a springboard for further analysis and innovation. Therefore,
this classification methodology can create insight and potentially high value
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