28 research outputs found
Biology of barley shoot fly Delia flavibasis Stein (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) on resistant and susceptible barley cultivars
No full textThe biology of barley shoot fly Delia flavibasis was studied using resistant (Dinsho and Harbu) and susceptible (Holker) barley cultivars at Sinana Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia. A higher number of eggs was laid on Holker (17 eggs/female) than on Dinsho (11 eggs/female) or Harbu (12 eggs/female). However, there were no differences between cultivars in preoviposition and total reproductive periods. The shortest time required to complete larval, pupal and total developmental stages from egg to adult emergence occurred when the insect was reared on the cultivar Holker. Pupal weight, adult emergence and adult longevity did not differ between cultivars. The female to male sex ratio was 1:1. This study enabled us to understand the duration of each of the life stages of D. flavibasis, which will undoubtedly aid researchers and growers to design a sustainable management strategy against barley shoot fly
Management of an emerging pest, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), with pesticides in eastern Ethiopia
No full textOutbreak of two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, happened
on potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) in eastern Ethiopia in 2014 and
effective pesticides as part of IPM practice were sought from
greenhouse and laboratory experiments at Haramaya University, Ethiopia.
The objective of the study was to identify pesticides with the highest
efficacy against the mite. Potatoes infested with mites were used in
the efficacy trial. Treatments, 9 pesticides and a control, were
applied 2 times at weekly intervals. Mites per leaf before and after
each spray were counted. Promising pesticides were further screened
with leaf-disc spray, and dip methods. Adult mortality was recorded
after 24 and 48 hours. Chlorantrniliprole + Lambda-cyhalothrin,
Amitraz, Profenofos, Profenofos \u201cQ\u201d 720 g l-1, and Paraffin
oil showed superior efficacy on eggs and mobile stages; though
Paraffin\u2019s efficacy became clear 14 days later. Paraffin had the
lowest mortality in leaf-disc sprays, but better mortality in the
leaf-disc dip. This was attributed to complete wetting by the latter.
Chlorantrniliprole + lambda-cyhalothrin, Profenofos, Profenofos
\u201cQ\u201d and Paraffin were identified as promising pesticides
for the two spotted spider mite management on potato.L\u2019explosion de t\ue9tranyque \ue0 deux points, Tetranychus
urticae Koch, s\u2019est produite sur la patate ( Solanum tuberosum
L.) dans l\u2019Est de l\u2019Ethiopie en 2014 et des pesticides
effectifs comme une partie de de pratique IPM a \ue9t\ue9
recherch\ue9e \ue0 partir des exp\ue9rimentations sous serre et
au laboratoire \ue0 l\u2019Universit\ue9 de Haramaya, Ethiopie.
L\u2019objectif de l\u2019\ue9tude \ue9tait d\u2019identifier
les pesticides avec de tr\ue8s grande efficacit\ue9 contre le
t\ue9tranyque. Les patates infest\ue9es avec les t\ue9tranyques
ont \ue9t\ue9 utilis\ue9es dans un essai d\u2019efficacit\ue9.
Les traitements, 9 pesticides et un contr\uf4le, \ue9taient
appliqu\ue9s deux fois \ue0 des intervalles d\u2019une semaine.
Les t\ue9tranyques par feuille ont \ue9t\ue9 compt\ue9s avant
et apr\ue8s chaque traitement. Des pesticidesprometteurs ont
\ue9t\ue9 \ue9galement\ue9valu\ue9s avec le pulv\ue9riseur
\ue0 disque sur les feuilles, et les m\ue9thodes d\u2019immersion.
La mortalit\ue9 de l\u2019adulte\ue9tait evalu\ue9e apr\ue8s
24 et 48 heures. Chlorantrniliprole + Lambda-cyhalothrin, Amitraz,
Profenofos, Profenofos \u201cQ\u201d 720 g l-1, et l\u2019huile du
Paraffine ont montr\ue9 une efficacit\ue9 sup\ue9rieure sur les
\u153ufs, stages mobiles\ua0; quoique l\u2019efficacit\ue9 de
paraffine est devenue claire \ue0 14 jours apr\ue8s. Paraffine a eu
la plus faible mortalit\ue9 avec le pulv\ue9riseur \ue0 disque
sur la feuille, mais meilleure mortalit\ue9 avec l\u2019immersion de
la feuille. Ceci a \ue9t\ue9 attribu\ue9 \ue0 la mouillure
compl\ue8te de la deuxi\ue8me m\ue9thode. Chlorantrniliprole +
lambda-cyhalothrin, Profenofos, profenofos \u201cQ\u201d et Paraffine
ont \ue9t\ue9 identifi\ue9s comme pesticide prometteurs, pour la
gestion du t\ue9tranyque \ue0 deux points sur la tomate
Management of an emerging pest, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), with pesticides in eastern Ethiopia
No full textA Guide to Biological Control of Fall Armyworm in Africa Using Egg Parasitoids
No full textThe Integrated Pest Management Innovation Lab (IPM IL) has been addressing the Fall Armyworm (FAW) problem in Africa since May 2017, when it invaded Ethiopia. Even though FAW prefers maize, it is polyphagous and can infest over 300 species of plants. Several workshops supported by international organizations were held in different parts of Africa over the past three years; however, they mostly concentrated broadly on IPM approaches for FAW management on maize, with little or no emphasis given for management on other crops.
The IPM IL has consistently focused on biological control of FAW since its involvement, as this approach can tackle this pest not only on maize but also on other crops, and additionally, it can suppress the pest on a farm, village, province, country, or regional basis depending upon the effort and resources that are made available. Further, it is compatible with joint application with all other IPM tactics in the field, except that of chemical pesticides, which would most likely impede processes using biological control.
The IPM IL, in collaboration with icipe and ICRISAT-Niger, has identified egg parasitoids – Trichogramma spp. and Telenomus remus – and some larval parasitoids which attack FAW in Africa. It is known that these parasitoids are amenable for augmentative biological control and they are being used in augmentative biological control of FAW in the Caribbean and South America.
This publication provides information on rearing and release of these parasitoids under African conditions. The IPM IL, icipe, and ICRISAT-Niger have already jointly conducted two workshops for participating countries in Africa and Asia.United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Bureau of Food Security under Agreement No. AID-OAA-L-15-00001 as part of Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Integrated Pest Managemen
Reforming the Provision of Language Services During Civil Proceedings In Ethiopia: Lessons from Comparative Experiences
No full textThis study assesses the experiences of offering language services and accommodating language diversity during civil proceedings in the United States, India, and South Africa as a lesson for Ethiopia. To explore the experiences of the United States, India, and South Africa, the author used a comparative socio-legal research approach that includes extensive document reviews as well as legal and case analyses. In the case of Ethiopia, the study additionally undertakes semi-structured interviews with court staff and litigants of the selected Federal Courts, Oromia Regional State Courts, and Central Ethiopia Regional State Courts. The author also conducted civil proceeding court observations to enrich the study. The article concludes that Ethiopia’s civil justice system should learn from comparative experiences in terms of developing comprehensive legal and normative frameworks that govern the provision of quality court interpretation, court file translations, and sign language interpreters. Effective communication and defending of one’s own case in court is an essential element for accessing justice. The state is responsible for regulating and providing appropriate facilities or mechanisms to address the language barriers encountered by court litigants
Survey and identification of termites (Insecta, Isoptera) using morphological and molecular methods from eastern, central and western Ethiopia.
No full textThe subfamily Macrotermitinae are the largest members among the Family Termitidae which are the fungus growing sub-family and Odontotermes are the most abundant genus from the subfamily. The taxonomy of termites is poorly described in Ethiopia. In the present study 168 termite samples were collected from eight locations of Eastern, Western and Central Ethiopia. The collected samples were identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Molecular identification was done based on the dna sequence of a portion of the mitochondrial 16S rrna gene. A phylogenetic analysis of the collected samples and the outgroup resulted in a consensus tree with four distinct groups. Geographical distribution of the samples also supported the resulting clades. Odontotermes were the most widely distributed termites from the collected samples. The genetic distance between the sample showed that Odontotermes zambesiensis, Babile 33 is more distantly related with the rest of the samples
Re-establishment of Spodoptera teferii Laporte in Rougeot (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae, Noctuinae), with an updated molecular phylogeny for the genus Spodoptera Guenee
No full textThe genus Spodoptera Guenee (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Noctuinae) is a group of economic importance which encompasses several major pests of crops worldwide. Although this genus has been the focus of many studies, the status of several Spodoptera species is still unstable, especially in the light of recent molecular analyses. In 2015 five Spodoptera specimens collected in Ethiopia were first identified as S. apertura (Walker). However, preliminary studies suggested that these specimens belong to a distinct species, S. teferii Laporte in Rougeot, which has been previously synonymized with S. apertura. In this study, on the basis of morphological and molecular evidence, we re-establish the species status of S. teferii. We provide a supplemental description of S. teferii male and the first description of S. teferii female. We also conducted several molecular analyses. First, we reconstructed an updated phylogeny for the genus based on a multilocus dataset (four mitochondrial and three nuclear gene fragments) including S. teferii and 28 of the 31 currently recognized Spodoptera species; the results of phylogenetic analyses support the hypothesis that S. teferii is more closely related to the clade encompassing S. littoralis (Boisduval), S. litura (Fabricius), S. pectinicornis (Hampson) and S. picta (Guerin-Meneville) than to S. apertura. Second, we carried out molecular species delimitation analyses on a 683-specimen dataset that also clearly support the status of S. teferii as a species distinct to S. apertura
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Corrigendum to “Dynamics of rural livelihoods and rainfall variability in Northern Ethiopian Highlands” [Clim. Risk Manage. 25 (2019) 100195](S2212096318300378)(10.1016/j.crm.2019.100195)
No full textThe authors regret for not properly acknowledging the contribution of the Consortium Research Program (CRP) on Livestock, led by ILRI with contribution of ICARDA. Funding from the CGIAR Research Program on Livestock (flagship 5 on “Livestock livelihoods and agri-food systems flagship”) is acknowledged for their support of staff time of Dr. Aymen Frija. The authors thank all donors and organizations who globally support the work of the CGIAR Research Program on Livestock through their contributions to the CGIAR system. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. © 2020 The Author(s
Survey and identification of termites (Insecta, Isoptera) using morphological and molecular methods from eastern, central and western Ethiopia.
No full textThe subfamily Macrotermitinae are the largest members among the Family Termitidae which are the fungus growing sub-family and Odontotermes are the most abundant genus from the subfamily. The taxonomy of termites is poorly described in Ethiopia. In the present study 168 termite samples were collected from eight locations of Eastern, Western and Central Ethiopia. The collected samples were identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Molecular identification was done based on the dna sequence of a portion of the mitochondrial 16S rrna gene. A phylogenetic analysis of the collected samples and the outgroup resulted in a consensus tree with four distinct groups. Geographical distribution of the samples also supported the resulting clades. Odontotermes were the most widely distributed termites from the collected samples. The genetic distance between the sample showed that Odontotermes zambesiensis, Babile 33 is more distantly related with the rest of the samples
Diversity and distribution of lepidopteran stemborer species and their host plants in Botswana
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