53,121 research outputs found
Personal Papers (MS 80-0002)
No full textLetter from D. Stuart Godwin, Jr. to R. Lee Kempner discussing the Harvey Travel Bureau office that will open in Galveston and asking for Kempner to spread the word. A handwritten note at the bottom of the letter asks I. H. Kempner to spread the word about the new branch also
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
Using strategic ambiguity as management practice in academic R&D : An ethnographic study of MIT SENSEable City Lab
No full textThis article explores the role of strategic ambiguity (Eisenberg, 2007; March & Olsen, 1976) as a management practice, as used in SENSEable City Lab - a R&D-oriented lab located at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, MA.
Although literature has already explored strategic ambiguity in various organizational settings, studies focusing on how academic institutions use strategic ambiguity in the context of R&D are quite sparse.
The article aims at filling this gap by reporting on a study conducted by the author across 2011 and 2014 in a R&D-oriented academic lab and reflecting on the potential of strategic ambiguity as an effective dialogic strategy to appreciate differences among internal organization members and with external partners. The article also examines some shortcomings of strategic ambiguity, such as the level of anxiety reported by some members of the lab
Preemptive Search and R&D Clustering Revisited
No full textThe results obtained by Cardon and Sasaki (1998) on R&D clustering are derived under the specific assumption that firms only can own one patent. When multiple patents are allowed, R&D clustering will come about more frequently if search costs are substantial.R&D clustering; persistence of monopoly
An investigation into the design of cultivation systems for inter- and intra-row weed control
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate the factors that influence the design of soil
engaging systems to mechanically control weeds between plants within the crop row
in widely spaced field vegetables. A mass flow soil dynamics model based on particle
dynamics was developed to aid designers in determining the lateral and forward
displacement of soil as it is undercut by shallow working wide blades. The model was
validated in soil bin laboratory experiments and used to design a novel mechanical
inter- and intra-row weeding system. Cont/d
Measuring the Returns to R&D: The Depreciation Problem
No full textMeasuring the private returns to R&D requires knowledge of its private depreciation or obsolescence rate, which is inherently variable and responds to competitive pressure. Nevertheless, most of the previous literature has used a constant depreciation rate to construct R&D capital stocks and measure the returns to R&D, a rate usually equal to 15 per cent. In this paper I review the implications of this assumption for the measurement of returns using two different methodologies: one based on the production function and another that uses firm market value to infer returns. Under the assumption that firms choose their R&D investment optimally, that is, marginal expected benefit equals marginal cost, I show that both estimates of returns can be inverted to derive an implied depreciation rate for R&D capital. I then test these ideas on a large unbalanced panel of U.S. manufacturing firms for the years 1974 to 2003. The two methods do not agree, in that the production function approach suggests depreciation rates near zero (or even appreciation) whereas the market value approach implies depreciation rates ranging from 20 to 40 per cent, depending on the period. The concluding section discusses the possible reasons for this funding.
The Godwinian psychology of hope and its legacy in the work of Percy Shelley and Mary Shelley
No full textThis thesis examines the work of William Godwin in terms of a conjunction between secular Enlightenment optimism and the psychology of Christian hope. This conjunction produced his particular inflection of human perfectibility, where the idea of liberal improvement in society becomes a semi-fictional narrative of faith. This political philosophy is developed alongside a Dissenting literary theory that
understands literature as discussion, locating the means of improvement in the written text's influence over the mind of the reader. Godwin's interest in altering the mindset
of his readership as a means of political improvement sees him emphasise the idea of hope in his novels, seeking to sustain the progressive project through literature in the
face of the rise of anti-Jacobinism and Malthusian political economy in the late 1790s.
Percy Shelley defined his literary project as an attempt to revive liberal hope in the wake of the `failure' of the French Revolution, a definition initiated by his reading of
Godwin. His reaction against Wordsworthian conservatism is framed in the terms of Godwinian psychology. Percy Shelley's theories on the poet as `legislator' emerge
from his encounter with Godwin's ideas on reader-response as the vehicle of improvement. However, there is also a reaction against Godwinian hope, which sees Percy Shelley explore a countervailing anti-humanist disappointment.
A key theme of Mary Shelley's novels is the persistence of Godwinian hope. She discusses Godwinian ideas on benevolence and the absence of innate disposition to
crime as a means of reviving the progressive project. While Mary Shelley explores the collapse of liberal optimism, she makes a paradoxical attempt to sustain Godwinian hope through a disappointed lament for its demise.
The thesis contends that the work of these authors constituted a coherent debate on the liberal Enlightenment, forming an important presence in British literary culture
from 1793 up to the verge of the first Reform Bill in 1832
The Philippine Fisheries R&D Institutions: A Look at Their Publication Record
No full textOne of the indicators to measure the performance of fisheries R&D institutions is their ability to publish, especially in refereed journals in their area of specialization. This Policy Notes examines the publication record of fisheries R&D institutions in the Philippines and concludes that only a few have performed creditably over the years in this aspect. In view of this, the author recommends a number of specific actions to be taken by both the institutions concerned and the national government in order to improve the overall capacity of the fisheries R&D institutions to publish.fisheries R&D institutions, publication record
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