1,364,441 research outputs found
Full text of Pres. Gamal Abdel Nasser\u27s interview with the editor-in-chief of the New York Times ...
No full textBooklet issued as a supplement to Jaridat al-Ta\u27awun, April 28, 1969. Includes text in Arabic of an interview by Pres. Gamal Abdel Nasser with the New York Times; also an interview with Fayez Sayegh and David Susskind and "a group of Zionists.
Adapting authoritarianism: institutions and co-optation in Egypt and Syria
No full textThis PhD thesis compares Egypt and Syria’s authoritarian political systems. While the tendency in social science political research treats Egypt and Syria as similarly authoritarian, this research emphasizes differences between the two systems with special reference to institutions and co-optation. Rather than reducibly understanding Egypt and Syria as sharing similar histories, institutional arrangements, or ascribing to the oft-repeated convention that “Syria is Egypt but 10 years behind,” this thesis focuses on how events and individual histories shaped each states current institutional strengthens and weaknesses. Specifically, it explains the how varying institutional politicization or de-politicization affects each state’s capabilities for co-opting elite and non-elite individuals.
Beginning with a theoretical framework that considers the limited utility of democratization and transition theoretical approaches, the work underscores the persistence and durability of authoritarianism. Chapter two details the politicized institutional divergence between Egypt and Syria that began in the 1970s. Chapter three and four examines how institutional politicization or de-politicization affects elite and non-elite individual co-optation in Egypt and Syria. Chapter five discusses the study’s general conclusions and theoretical implications.
This thesis’s argument is that Egypt and Syria co-opt elites and non-elites differently because of the varying degrees of institutional politicization in each governance system. Rather than view one country as more politically developed than the other, this work argues that Syria’s political institutions are more politicized than their Egyptian counterparts. Syria’s political arena is, thus, described as politicized-patrimonialism. Syria’s politicized-patrimonial arena produces uneven co-optation of elites and non-elites as they are diffused through competing institutions. Conversely, the Egyptian political arena remains highly personalized as weak institutions and individuals are manipulated and molded according to the president’s ruling clique. This is referred to as personalized-patrimonialism. As a consequence, Egypt’s political establishment demonstrates more flexibility in ad hoc altering and adapting its arena depending on the emergence of crises.
This study’s theoretical implications suggest that, contrary to modernization and democratization theory’s adage that institutions lead to a political development, politicized institutions within a patrimonial order actually hinder regime adaptation because consensus is harder to achieve and maintain. It is within this context that Egypt’s de-politicized institutional framework advantages its top political elite. In this reading of Egyptian and Syrian politics, Egypt’s personalized political arena is more adaptable than Syria’s. These conclusions do not indicate that political reform is a process underway in either state
Pembuatan Pupuk dari Tanaman Gamal dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Tanaman Kangkung Darat
No full textPupuk organik cair (POC) merupakan hasil penguraian limbah organik seperti daun kering, kulit sayur, kulit buah dan kotoran hewan yang mengandung lebih dari satu unsur hara. Penggunaan pupuk organik cair dapat memperbaiki struktur tanah sehingga cocok untuk ditanami dan lebih mendukung proses pertumbuhan tanaman dibandingkan dengan penggunaan pupuk kimia. Penggunaan pupuk kimia dapat membahayakan tanaman dan kesehatan konsumen. Upaya pencegahan dampak negatif penggunaan pupuk kimia adalah menggantinya dengan pupuk organik cair. Salah satu bahan utama dalam pembuatan pupuk organik cair adalah daun Gamal. Daun gamal diambil karena mengandung banyak unsur hara yang baik untuk tanah dan tanaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh pemberian pupuk organik cair pada daun gamal terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman kangkung darat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen, yaitu metode yang dilakukan dengan menguji kandungan pupuk tanaman kangkung darat. Berdasarkan data penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian POC daun gamal berpengaruh besar terhadap parameter tinggi tanaman dan juga jumlah helai daun kangkung darat. Hasil terbaik dari pemberian POC daun gamal dari beberapa konsentrasi adalah perlakuan K3= 60%. Penelitian ini memberikan manfaat bagi masyarakat khususnya dalam bidang pertanian. Pupuk organik cair daun gamal sebagai tambahan nutrisi untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanah
Facile one-pot three-component synthesis of 4,6-diaryl-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thiones under ultrasonic irradiation
No full textWe developed a facile one-pot procedure for the synthesis of 4,6-diaryl-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thione under ultrasonic irradiation. The method is based on a three components reaction of aldehydes, ketones, and thiourea under basic conditions affording isolated yields of up to 95% within a reaction time of 30–90 min
Design, synthesis and hypolipidemic activity of novel 2-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propionic acid derivatives as desmethyl fibrate analogues
No full textA series of 2-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propionic acid derivatives were prepared. The hypolipidemic activity of the new compounds as well as the intermediate acid 2 was evaluated in the high cholesterol diet (HCD) fed hyperlipidemic rat model. Interestingly, the S-alkylated mercaptotriazole 8b and the 1,3,4-oxadiazole 9 produced striking reduction of serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs) and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and elevation of serum high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) being more active than the reference gemfibrozil. In addition, the 1,2,4-triazole 7a, the hydroxypyrazoline 10 and the pyrazolone derivative 11 exhibited good hypolipidemic activity on different lipid parameters
Gamal Abdel Nasser
No full textExamines the life and leadership skills of Egyptian president Gamal-Abdel Nasser, who led the revolt that overthrew King Faruk in 1952 and established Egypt as a republic
The tropical version of El Gamal Encryption
No full textIn this paper, we consider the new version of tropical cryptography protocol, i.e the tropical version of El Gamal encryption. We follow the ideas and modify the clasical El Gamal encryption using tropical matrices and matrix power in tropical algebra. Then we also provide a toy example for the reader’s understanding.
The tropical version of El Gamal Encryption
No full textIn this paper, we consider the new version of tropical cryptography protocol, i.e the tropical version of El Gamal encryption. We follow the ideas and modify the clasical El Gamal encryption using tropical matrices and matrix power in tropical algebra. Then we also provide a toy example for the reader’s understanding.
Interview with Gamal Salama
No full textفي هذه المقابلة، يتحدث الموسيقار الدكتور جمال سلامه عن التعبير من خلال الموسيقي التصويريه في الأفلام.In this interview, Gamal Salama, a composer, and musician, discusses the expression through soundtracks in films
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