1,720,979 research outputs found
Humanitarian Smuggling in a Time of Restricting and Criminalizing Mobility
Full text linkA remarkable finding from studies that take migrants’ perspectives on human smuggling into account is that smugglers’ services are often described in the context of ‘saving lives.’ Apart from smugglers who are in for profit, there are people involved in the smuggling industry who want to help migrants find protection. These ‘humanitarian smugglers’ range from religious organisations, charities, NGOs, private initiatives, celebrities, to migrant’s family members. In this chapter it is argued that criminalization of human smuggling and the lumping together of very different smuggling activities is morally unjust and involves serious human rights violations
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Smuggling ideologies
No full textThis chapter explores shifting perspectives on African clandestine economies, with a particular focus on the recent transition from criminalization to hybrid governance approaches. Previously condemned as products of clientism and corruption, clandestine economies are attracting renewed interest for their developmental potential in weak state contexts. Focusing on examples of clandestine cross-border trade in East and West Africa, this chapter shows that increasingly favourable perspectives on the developmental implications of African clandestine economies reflect a change in development policy narratives rather than a shift in the empirical conduct of clandestine trading systems. Indeed, the optimistic turn in perspectives on African clandestine trade often contradicts the empirical realities of the cases on which they focus. Research perspectives have tended to reflect the perceived compatibility of smuggling with policy priorities of liberalization and globalization, revealing the prominent role of ideology in shaping the framing of smuggling research
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The Routledge Handbook of Smuggling
Full text linkThe Routledge Handbook of Smuggling offers a comprehensive survey of interdisciplinary research related to smuggling, reflecting on key themes, and charting current and future trends. Divided into six parts and spanning over 30 chapters, the volume covers themes such as mobility, borders, violent conflict, and state politics, as well as looks at the smuggling of specific goods – from rice and gasoline to wildlife, weapons, and cocaine. Chapters engage with some of the most contentious academic and policy debates of the twenty-first century, including the historical creation of borders, re-bordering, the criminalisation of migration, and the politics of selective toleration of smuggling. As it maps a field that contains unique methodological, ethical, and risk-related challenges, the book takes stock not only of the state of our shared knowledge, but also reflects on how this has been produced, pointing to blind spots and providing an informed vision of the future of the field. Bringing together established and emerging scholars from around the world, The Routledge Handbook of Smuggling is an indispensable resource for students and researchers of conflict studies, borderland studies, criminology, political science, global development, anthropology, sociology, and geography
The intersections of smuggling flows
Full text linkThis chapter discusses the intersections of a variety of smugglings flows. Across the world, trafficking routes are used for a number of different types of goods, and in various directions. In Libya, for example, people, arms, drugs, and contraband are smuggled on the same routes, in Myanmar, both human trafficking and drug trafficking take place across the border to Thailand and China, and in Colombia, cocaine is shipped abroad via Venezuela and on that same route gasoline is smuggled from Venezuela into Colombia. In order to account for this interconnectedness, this chapter conceptualizes illicit flows as illicit supply chain networks rather than as individual linear chains. These networks include strategic trafficking nodes, that is, illicit business hubs and starting points of international trafficking routes where various illicit flows converge. These are the places where violent entrepreneurs meet to strike business deals, and where rivalry over economic profit turns into selective violence. The chapter thus calls for moving beyond the study of individual flows in isolation. We must focus instead both scholarly and policy attention on the interconnectedness of legally and illegally used routes in order to grasp the social, economic, and political repercussions on the contexts in which the flows are embedded
- …
