69,704 research outputs found
Halecium annuliforme Galea & Schories 2012
No full text<i>Halecium annuliforme</i> Galea & Schories, 2012a <p> Synonyms in the area: <i>Halecium annulatum</i> —Jäderholm 1920 p. 2; Genzano & Zamponi 1997 [polyp] [non <i>Halecium annulatum</i> Torrey, 1902]; <i>Halecium delicatulum</i> —Blanco, 1968 [polyp]; <i>Halecium</i> sp. Galea, 2007 p. 59 [polyp].</p> <p> Distribution in South America: polyp—Pacific Ocean, Chile, at 49.18°S in Isla Camello, at <i>ca</i>. 55.28°S in Lennox Island, at 53.7°S 70.9°W (Jäderholm 1920 p. 2; Galea 2007 p. 59; Galea & Schories 2012a p. 30–33); Atlantic Ocean, Argentina, near Tierra del Fuego, Beagle Channel and Lennox Island (Jäderholm 1920; Blanco 1968; Genzano & Zamponi 1997).</p> <p>Habitat: polyp—from 15 to 46m depth,, on seaweed and other hydroids (Jäderholm 1920 p. 2; Galea 2007 p. 59; Galea & Schories 2012a p. 30–33).</p>Published as part of <i>OLIVEIRA, OTTO M. P., MIRANDA, THAÍS P., ARAUJO, ENILMA M., AYÓN, PATRICIA, CEDEÑO-POSSO, CRISTINA M., CEPEDA-MERCADO, AMANCAY A., CÓRDOVA, PABLO, CUNHA, AMANDA F., GENZANO, GABRIEL N., HADDAD, MARIA ANGÉLICA, MIANZAN, HERMES W., MIGOTTO, ALVARO E., MIRANDA, LUCÍLIA S., MORANDINI, ANDRÉ C., NAGATA, RENATO M., NASCIMENTO, KARINE B., JÚNIOR, MIODELI NOGUEIRA, PALMA, SERGIO, QUIÑONES, JAVIER, RODRIGUEZ, CAROLINA S., SCARABINO, FABRIZIO, SCHIARITI, AGUSTÍN, STAMPAR, SÉRGIO N., TRONOLONE, VALQUÍRIA B. & MARQUES, ANTONIO C., 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1)</i> on page 90, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10068449">http://zenodo.org/record/10068449</a>
Hincksella immersa Galea & Schuchert 2019, sp. nov.
No full textHincksella immersa Galea, sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 20EE4072-852E-492F-869A-80E120C82AE5 Figs 6A, 7 A–F; Table 3 Diagnosis Colonies erect, regularly-pinnate; stems lightly fascicled, divided by indistinct transverse nodes; each equivalent of internode with a proximal apophysis and its axillary hydrotheca, two alternate hydrothecae above, and a second, distal apophysis together with its axillar hydrotheca. Cladia alternate, coplanar, separated from corresponding apophyses by transverse nodes; division into internodes indistinct; each equivalent of internode relatively short, provided with a hydrotheca distally. Hydrothecae cup-shaped, relatively shallow, almost completely adnate. Gonothecae given off from below the bases of cladial hydrothecae; ovoid, laterally flattened, tapering below, apically rounded. Etymology From the Latin ‘ immergo, -si, -sum, -ĕre ’, meaning ‘immersed’, to depict the condition of its hydrothecae. Material examined Holotype PACIFIC OCEAN • a 3.8 cm high broken in middle, bearing numerous gonothecae on cladia; off New Caledonia, stn DW4768; 23°25′ S, 168°01′ E; 180–210 m; 27 Aug. 2016; KANACONO leg.; a portion of cladium was used for DNA extraction, DNA1367; voucher MHNG-INVE- 120801; barcode identifier MK 073091; MNHN-IK-2015-390. Paratype PACIFIC OCEAN • a colony without gonothecae, 4.3 cm high; off New Caledonia, stn DW1712; 23°22′ S, 168°03′ E; 180–250 m; 26 Jun. 2001; NORFOLK 1 leg.; MNHN-IK-2015-392. Description Colonies erect, up to 4.3 cm high, arising from root-like hydrorhiza strongly anchoring the colony to its substrate. Stems simple, fascicled for most of their length, grading to monosiphonic distally; perisarc thick, brownish; division into internodes indistinct; equivalents of internodes with quite regular structure, composed of a proximal apophysis supporting a cladium and its associated axillar hydrotheca, two alternate hydrothecae above, and a second, distal cladial apophysis given off on opposite side, together with its associated axillar hydrotheca; occasionally three instead of only two alternate hydrothecae intervene between the proximal and distal cladial apophyses. Cladia alternate, coplanar, borne on short stem apophyses separated from their 1 st internodes by distinct oblique nodes; cladia distant of 2.5–3 mm on each side; division by nodes indistinct, but each equivalent of internode relatively short, widening abruptly distally to accommodate a hydrotheca; internodes collinear. Hydrothecae alternate, in two parallel, coplanar rows; cup-shaped, deeply immersed into their corresponding internodes, leaving only a short portion of their adaxial wall free; abaxial wall straight to slightly convex, adnate adaxial wall distinctly curved, forming large perisarc plug basally; there is no complete base for the hydrotheca, as the abaxial wall invaginates basally for only a limited extent at junction between the hydrothecal lumen and internode; aperture circular, rim smooth. Gonothecae inserted slightly laterally under the bases of cladial hydrothecae; saccular, flattened ‘dorso-ventrally’, tapering basally into indistinct pedicel, distally rounded; no distinct aperture. Remarks This species, through its colony structure and origin of gonothecae, comes close to the type species of the genus, H. sibogae Billard, 1918. It is distinguished from it through its comparatively shorter internodes, and much immersed hydrothecae (compare Fig. 7 A–E and 7K–L). According to the present concept (Bouillon et al. 2006), the genus Hincksella Billard, 1918 includes not only species forming pinnate colonies, but also congeners with simple, unbranched stems. Among the former category, H. alternans (Allman, 1888) gives rise to gonothecae from within the hydrothecal lumina, while H. formosa (Fewkes, 1881), the present new species, as well as H. sibogae produce external gonothecae. As for H. indiana Millard, 1967, a species with so-far undescribed gonothecae, it could instead belong to Staurotheca Allman, 1888. Conversely, among the species with simple stems, H. cornuta Galea, 2015 (Galea 2015a), H. cylindrica (Bale, 1888) (Preker & Lawn 2010), H. neocaledonica Galea, 2015 (see below) and H. pusilla (Ritchie, 1910) (Galea 2015b) give rise to their gonothecae from within their hydrothecae. The latter also produces stolonal gonothecae (Hirohito 1969, as Cyclonia pusilla). As for the remaining four species, viz. H. corrugata Millard, 1958, H. projecta (Fraser, 1938), H. rigida (Fraser, 1938) and H. similis Galea, 2015, their gonothecae have not yet been described. Owing to the above-mentioned features, it is likely that the genus Hincksella is polyphyletic. The 16S tree, indeed, shows that the four included species of Hincksella do not group into a common clade (see Fig. 20 and the ‘Molecular study’ section) and are rather scattered. Distribution Only known from off New Caledonia (present study). ? Hincksella neocaledonica Galea, 2015 Fig. 7 G–J Hincksella neocaledonica Galea, 2015a: 15, fig. 5E–F. Material examined PACIFIC OCEAN • a colony composed of 6 stems 0.7–2.3 cm high, one of which bears a gonotheca; off New Caledonia, stn DW4768; 23°25′ S, 168°01′ E; 180–210 m; 27 Aug. 2016; KANACONO leg.; one stem was used for DNA extraction, DNA1362; voucher MHNG-INVE- 120796; barcode identifier MK 073090; MNHN-IK-2015-384 • a colony composed of 12 stems 0.4–2.3 cm high, one of which bears a gonotheca; same collecting data as for preceding; one stem was used for DNA extraction, DNA1363; voucher MHNG-INVE- 120797; 16 S sequence identical to MK 073090; MNHN-IK-2015-384 • a profuse colony with 0.5–2.3 cm high stems, some bearing gonothecae; off New Caledonia, stn DW4781; 22°57′ S, 167°47′ E; 295– 255 m; 29 Aug. 2016; KANACONO leg.; one stem was used for DNA extraction, DNA1364; voucher MHNG-INVE- 120798; MNHN-IK-2015-385 • a colony composed of 8 stems 2–2.3 cm high, three of which bear gonothecae; off New Caledonia, stn DW4742; 22°53′ S, 137°37′ E; 290–345 m; 23 Aug. 2016; KANACONO leg.; one stem was used for DNA extraction, DNA1365; voucher MHNG-INVE- 120799; MNHN-IK-2015-386 • a profuse colony on fascicled axis of unidentified hydroid, with stems up to 2.2 cm high, many of them bearing gonothecae; same collecting data as for preceding; one stem was used for DNA extraction, DNA1366; voucher MHNG-INVE- 120800; MNHN-IK-2015-386 • a profuse colony with stems up to 2 cm high, some bearing gonothecae; off New Caledonia, stn DW4782; 23°00′ S, 167°55′ E; 856– 845 m; 29 Aug. 2016; KANACONO leg.; MNHN-IK-2015-387 • a colony composed of ca 10 stems without gonothecae, 0.5–2 cm high; off New Caledonia, stn DW4741; 22°52′ S, 167°41′ E; 210 m; 23 Aug. 2016; KANACONO leg.; MNHN- IK-2015-388 • a colony composed of ca 10 stems without gonothecae, 1–2 cm high; off New Caledonia, stn DW4743; 22°52′ S, 167°34′ E; 380– 340 m; 23 Aug. 2016; KANACONO leg.; MNHN-IK-2015-389. Remarks Unlike the holotype, some colonies in the present material are fertile. The gonothecae, of undetermined sex, are given off from within the hydrothecal lumina; broadly ovoid, ca 1420 µm long (and ca 1505 µm long including the spines, only one measured), laterally flattened (ca 1080 µm wide on widest side, only one measured), with 9–12 transverse ridges on both flattened sides, not meeting laterally, where two longitudinal, rounded, smooth ‘ridges’ are present. The small (ca 55 µm wide), rounded aperture is placed sub-apically, on a short, conical neck region, sometimes projecting outwards. The pair of apical ‘horns’ (distant of ca 1545 µm at their tips) is variably developed among colonies; in material MNHN- IK-2015-386, for example, they are almost indistinct, while an unequal development could be observed in sample MNHN-IK-2015-387. In the light of the present findings, it could be noted that the fully-formed gonothecae of H. neocaledonica are similar to those of H. cornuta Galea, 2015 through both their size and shape (compare Fig. 7J to Galea 2015a: fig. 5D). However, these species can be readily distinguished on characters displayed by their trophosomes (compare Galea 2015a: figs 5E and 5A, respectively). Unlike the type species of the genus, H. sibogae Billard, 1918 (see below), the present hydroid does not form rather tall colonies with fascicled stems, and its hydrothecae protrude for a long distance from the internodes. It comes close instead to Cyclonia gracilis Stechow, 1921 (now included in the synonymy of H. pusilla (Ritchie, 1910), see Galea (2010: 20) and Galea & Ferry (2015: 236)), suggesting a possible future resurrection of the genus Cyclonia Stechow, 1921 to accommodate a group of species with short, simple, monosiphonic stems, long, tubular hydrothecae, and gonothecae arising from within the hydrothecae (occasionally also from the stolon, as in H. pusilla). Distribution Only known from off New Caledonia (Galea 2015a; present study).Published as part of Galea, Horia R. & Schuchert, Peter, 2019, Some thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program, pp. 1-70 in European Journal of Taxonomy 562 on pages 15-19, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.562, http://zenodo.org/record/347430
Halecium discoidum Galea, 2013, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Halecium discoidum</i> sp. nov. <p>(Fig. 5A–E)</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. <b>Stn. 7</b>, 24.i.2012, 6– 8 m, <i>M036</i>: fertile (female) colony on <i>Thyroscyphus marginatus</i> (Allman, 1877) and its substrate, a sponge (holotype: MHNG-INVE-82923).</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. Colony reptant, arising from creeping, branching, anastomozing hydrorhiza. Hydrocauli simple or occasionally branched, always monosiphonic, 0.5–1.6 mm high, widening gradually from base to tip, where they bear a terminal hydrotheca; perisarc thin, transparent and smooth throughout. Branches given off singly or in pairs from below stem hydrothecae; an internal perisarc plug at upper level of insertion of a branch on the stem (Fig. 4A 1, A4, A6), most probably as a result of mechanical strain. Hydrotheca 60–90 µm deep, flaring, margin everted; a basal diaphragm and a ring of desmocytes above; 280–355 µm wide at base, 440–515 µm wide at aperture; renovations present, lower order hydrophores of varied length, tapering gradually below, perisarc smooth. Female gonothecae borne on short (<i>ca</i>. 85 µm), conical pedicel given off from stolon; irregularly ovate, laterally flattened, 485–595 µm high, 530–585 µm wide in frontal view, perisarc smooth; aperture, a distal, circular notch, <i>ca</i>. 155 µm wide; <i>ca</i>. 8–10 oocytes per gonotheca, each 90–100 µm in diameter. Male gonothecae unknown. Nematocysts: 1) fusiform microbasic mastigophores <i>ca</i>. 5.9×1.9 µm, abundant in the tentacles, also scattered in the coenosarc; 2) rare microbasic heteronemes present in the coenosarc, with swollen capsules and a lateral "beak" at insertion of shaft, <i>ca</i>. 6.1×2.9 µm; 3) microbasic heteronemes with long, tubular, slender capsules, (6.7–7.7)×(2.1–2.4) µm, abundant in the coenosarc.</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. A number of <i>Halecium</i> species have female gonothecae morphologically similar to those of <i>Halecium discoidum</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, but can be distinguished from it on the following accounts: 1) the Australian <i>H. amphibolum</i> Watson, 1993 has wrinkled internodes and the side branches arise some distance below the stem hydrothecae (Watson 1993); 2) the Patagonian <i>H. annuliforme</i> Galea & Schories, 2012 has irregular, much longer, fully annulated internodes (Galea & Schories 2012); 3) <i>H. cymiforme</i> Allman, 1888, also from Patagonia, is more robust, with a peculiar mode of branching, and has the internodes mostly wrinkled throughout (Galea <i>et al.</i> 2009); 4) the northern <i>H. labrosum</i> Alder, 1859 forms large, polysiphonic colonies with irregular, smooth to corrugated internodes, and the hydrothecae are borne on hydrophores of varied length (Schuchert 2005); 5) the mainly Mediterranean <i>H. mediterraneum</i> Weismann, 1883 has long, geniculate internodes, the hydrophores are well developed and have a conspicuous pseudodiaphragm on their adaxial side (Schuchert 2005); 6) <i>H. ochotense</i> Linko, 1911 from the Okhotsk Sea is a large, polysiphonic species, with short, regular, slightly zigzagging internodes (Naumov 1969).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. The specific name makes references to the disk-shaped female gonotheca.</p> <p> <b>Geographical distribution</b>. Only known from Martinique.</p> <p> <b>FIGURE 5</b>. A–E: <i>Halecium discoidum</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> ―various stems (A); hydranth protruding from its hydrotheca (B); female gonotheca with oocytes (C); female gonotheca in lateral (D1) and apical (D2) views; cnidome (E). F–I: <i>Halecium xanthellatum</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> ―three stems (F); female gonothecae (G), one of them showing a spent gonophore (G4); detail of the female gonotheca, showing the the twin hydrotheca in frontal (H1), lateral (H2), and apical (H3) views; cnidome (I). J–M: <i>Halecium</i> sp.―various stems (J), some bearing male gonothecae (J1–J3, J5); hydrophores and their corresponding hydrothecae (K, L); cnidome (O). Scale bars: 10 µm (E, I, M); 100 µm (K, L), 200 µm (H), 300 µm (B), 500 µm (C, D, F, G, J), 1 mm (A).</p> <p> <i>Halecium xanthellatum</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> (Fig. 5F–I)</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. <b>Stn. 16</b>, 11.ii.2012, 10– 15 m, <i>M167</i>: small, fertile (female) colony on <i>Sargassum</i> sp. (holotype: MHNG-INVE-82924).</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. Colony reptant, arising from creeping, branching, sometimes anastomozing hydrorhiza. Stems simple or occasionally branched, 340–900 µm high. Perisarc thin, transparent, wrinkled basally, fading out distally. Branches given off irregularly from below bases of stem hydrothecae. Hydrothecae borne distally on hydrantophores; walls divergent, rim flared (most obvious in young hydrothecae), a bit atrophied and not clearly everted in older ones; hydrotheca 30–35 µm high, 110–125 µm wide at base and 140–180 µm at aperture; renovations common, with lower order hydranthopores of varied length. Hydranths with 18–20 tentacles, the coenosarc crowded with zooxanthellae. Gonothecae, female in present material, arising from a short internodal apophysis lateral to a hydrotheca, or occasionally from within a theca; mitten-shaped, 720–790 µm long, 305–355 µm wide, tapering basally; in lateral view, distal part with a "bump" on one side, and the aperture on the opposite side; perisarc wrinkled on the bumped side, smooth on the other. Aperture borne on top of two appressed tubes, sunk for some distance inside the cavity of gonotheca, bearing distally a twin hydrotheca; the latter shaped, in frontal view, like the number 8, with two foramina visible below each hydrothecal base, allowing the passage of a pair of normally developed hydranths. The number of oocytes could not be ascertained properly, as most gonothecae have already expelled their eggs, while some others have the ectoderm of the blastostyle withdrawn, and retain a single, small oocyte. Male gonothecae unknown. Cnidome: 1) microbasic mastigophores, (6.4– 6.9)×1.9 µm, abundant in the tentacles, also scatterd in the coenosarc; 2) ovoid microbasic heteronemes, (3.5– 4.0)×(2.4–2.7) µm, not uncommon in the coenosarc; 3) pseudostenoteles, (9.9–10.2)×(4.8–5.1) µm, frequent in the coenosarc.</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. This new species is reminiscent of <i>H. nanum</i> Alder, 1859 due to the presence of zooxanthellae in the coenosarc. However, unlike <i>H. nanum</i>, the hydrothecal margins are distinctly flared in <i>H. xanthellatum</i>. In addition, their gonothecae differ in shape, with those of <i>H. nanum</i> being more swollen and provided with fine annulations frontally, whereas those of <i>H. xanthellatum</i> are more slender and tubular, and bear coarse annulations exclusively on their dorsal side. Last but not least, the cnidome of <i>H. nanum</i> comprises, besides the common microbasic mastigophores, ovoid capsules identified by Calder (1991) as microbasic euryteles, while <i>H. xanthellatum</i> possesses rounded-ovoid microbasic heteronemes, as well as conspicuous pseudostenoteles.</p> <p> The female gonothecae of the new species recall well those of the Arctic <i>H. curvicaule</i> von Lorenz, 1886, as illustrated by Marktanner-Turneretscher (1895, as <i>H. kükenthali</i> n.sp.) and Jäderholm (1909, equally as <i>H. kükenthali</i>). However, this species may form large, polysiphonic colonies, with a peculiar mode of branching. Its hydrothecae have almost parallel, straight walls (Schuchert 2001), and the coenosarc is devoid of zooxanthellae.</p> <p> Equally similar in overall shape are the gonothecae of <i>H. halecinum</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) (see Schuchert 2005), <i>H. inhacae</i> Millard 1958 (see Millard 1975) and <i>H. liouvillei</i> Billard, 1934 (see Medel <i>et al.</i> 1998), but they have their apertures borne atop of somewhat raised collars and lack the "dorsal" annuli. Their respective trophosomes are also different, and no zooxanthellae are known to occur in their tissues.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. The specific name makes reference to the presence of numerous zoothanthellae in the coenosarc.</p> <p> <b>Geographical distribution</b>. Only known from Martinique.</p>Published as part of <i>Galea, Horia R., 2013, New additions to the shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of the French Lesser Antilles: Martinique, pp. 1-50 in Zootaxa 3686 (1)</i> on pages 18-20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3686.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/284148">http://zenodo.org/record/284148</a>
Halecium calderi Galea 2010
No full text<i>Halecium calderi</i> Galea, 2010 <p>Fig. 6a–c</p> <p> <i>Halecium calderi</i> Galea, 2010: 9, figs. 3A–J.</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> Guadeloupe: Grande-Terre, Les Ancres (16° 27.002´N, 61° 32.320´W) (Galea 2010).</p> <p> <b>Voucher material.</b> Off St. Lucie Inlet, 27°12.8’N, 80°01.2’W, 39 m, 17.v.1976, <i>Johnson-Sea-Link</i>, JSL 2046, diver lockout, two colonies, up to 2 cm high, with gonophores, coll. J. Reed, ROMIZ B1094.— Off St. Lucie Inlet, 27°11.8’N, 80°00.6’W, 42 m, on <i>Oculina varicosa</i>, 17.v.1976, <i>Johnson-Sea-Link</i>, JSL 2047, diver lockout, one colony, 4 cm high, with gonophores, coll. G. Melton, ROMIZ B1124.</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. This is the second record of a species recently described from Guadeloupe by Galea (2010), extending its known range northwards to Florida from the Caribbean Sea. Male gonothecae are illustrated for the first time (Fig. 6c). They differ from those of the female (Fig. 6b) in having fewer lateral crests and in being approximately 30% smaller.</p> <p> Morphologically, <i>Halecium calderi</i> Galea, 2010 closely resembles <i>Halecium sibogae</i> Billard, 1929 (type locality: Indonesia) and <i>H. sibogae marocanum</i> Billard, 1934 (type locality: Morocco). Relationships of these nominal species-group taxa remain unresolved. For now, the binomen established by Galea (2010) for the warm western North Atlantic population is adopted.</p> <p> <b>Reported distribution.</b> Atlantic coast of Florida. First record.</p> <p>Western Atlantic. Florida (this record) to Guadeloupe (Galea 2010).</p>Published as part of <i>Calder, Dale R., 2013, Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 3648 (1)</i> on pages 21-22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3648.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5264362">http://zenodo.org/record/5264362</a>
Hincksella brevitheca Galea 2009
No full textHincksella brevitheca Galea, 2009 Fig. 9h Hincksella brevitheca Galea, 2009: 61, figs. 1B, 2A–I. Type locality. Cuba: off Cayo Largo (21°35'06''N, 81°35'19'' W), 15 m (Galea 2009). Voucher material. Palm Beach, 0.75 miles (1.2 km) offshore, 29 m, 22.vii.1974, Johnson-Sea-Link, JSL 1173, diver lockout, one colony, 2.3 cm high, without gonophores, coll. J. Prentice, ROMIZ B1079. Remarks. Hincksella brevitheca Galea, 2009, recently described from Cuba, is reported for only the second time. Similar nominal species in the western Atlantic include Sertularella formosa Fewkes, 1881 and S. hartlaubi Nutting, 1904, both of which are referable to Syntheciidae Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890 and to the genus Hincksella Billard, 1918, as currently defined. Galea (2009) examined type material of Hincksella hartlaubi and concluded that it was conspecific with H. formosa, a conclusion also held by Vervoort (1959). As with the original account of Hincksella brevitheca by Galea (2009), material from Florida had (1) stem internodes each with three hydrothecae and an apophysis bearing a hydrocladium, (2) hydrocladia with few or no nodes, (3) shallow and deeply immersed hydrothecae, each thickened at the margin and given off at an angle of about 30° with the stem. These characters distinguish the species from others of the genus. Although previously known only from southern Cuba, Galea (2009: 63) noted that the species presumably occurs throughout the Caribbean Basin. In support of his view, two additional records of it from the Caribbean can be added here based on material in collections at the Royal Ontario Museum (Cayman Islands: Grand Cayman Island, caves in coral reef west side, just north of Georgetown, 10 m, 26.xi.1980, one colony, without gonophores, coll. A. Logan, ROMIZ B1990; Panama: Bocas del Toro area, Swan’s Key, 09°27’12.2”N, 82°18’01.8”W, 1–4 m, 07.viii.2004, two colonies, without gonophores, coll. L. Kirkendale, no collection number). The specimens from Panama were reported as Sertularella hartlaubi by Calder & Kirkendale (2005). Gonophores of the species have yet to be described. Reported distribution. Atlantic coast of Florida. First record. Western Atlantic. Florida (reported herein) to the Caribbean Sea (Galea 2009; Calder & Kirkendale 2005, as Sertularella hartlaubi).Published as part of Calder, Dale R., 2013, Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 3648 (1) on page 34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3648.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/526436
Evidence for the decay B0→J/ψω and measurement of the relative branching fractions of meson decays to J/ψη and J/ψη′
No full textFirst evidence of the B 0 → J / ψ ω decay is found and the B s 0 → J / ψ η and B s 0 → J / ψ η ′ decays are studied using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb -1 collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV. The branching fractions of these decays are measured relative to that of the B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0 decay:frac(B (B 0 → J / ψ ω), B (B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0)) = 0.89 ± 0.19 (stat) - 0.13 + 0.07 (syst),frac(B (B s 0 → J / ψ η), B (B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0)) = 14.0 ± 1.2 (stat) - 1.5 + 1.1 (syst) - 1.0 + 1.1 (frac(f d, f s)),frac(B (B s 0 → J / ψ η ′), B (B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0)) = 12.7 ± 1.1 (stat) - 1.3 + 0.5 (syst) - 0.9 + 1.0 (frac(f d, f s)), where the last uncertainty is due to the knowledge of f d / f s, the ratio of b-quark hadronization factors that accounts for the different production rate of B 0 and B s 0 mesons. The ratio of the branching fractions of B s 0 → J / ψ η ′ and B s 0 → J / ψ η decays is measured to befrac(B (B s 0 → J / ψ η ′), B (B s 0 → J / ψ η)) = 0.90 ± 0.09 (stat) - 0.02 + 0.06 (syst)
Performance evaluation of Wied Dalam (WDD) seismic station in Malta
No full textThe continual operation of a permanent seismograph, now exceeding a couple of decades in some cases, naturally involves changes of hardware and software over time. Nonetheless, the long-term, consistent performance of the seismic station, and the good quality of its data, is very important for national seismic studies investigating the local seismicity, and also important for the international seismological community researching regional tectonics and deep Earth structures. Here we investigate the data availability and quality of the currently only seismic station on Malta (WDD) since its installation in 1995, and establish spectral patterns in the seismic data that may be influenced by diurnal variations, seasonal weather changes, and/or site-specific settings. The results are important for the future deployment of permanent seismic stations on the Maltese islands, and for the analysis of local seismic hazard and ground motion studies
Sertularella pauciramosa Galea & Schories, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Sertularella pauciramosa</i> Galea & Schories, sp. nov. <p>(Plate 3B; Fig. 6F, H; 7D; Table 8)</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. Taltal, Punta Morada, lat. -25.36667, long. -70.45000, 20.iv.2012, 15 m, sample 13: up to 4 cm high, female colony on worm tube (paratype: MHNG-INVE-86234). Taltal, lat. -25.38333, long. -70.46667, 21.iv.2012, 20 m, sample 07: up to 3.5 cm high, sterile colony on algae (paratype: MHNG-INVE-86233); 23.iv.2012, 22 m, sample 17: up to 6 cm high, male colony on worm tube (holotype: MHNG-INVE-86235).</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. Colonies arising from creeping, branching, anastomosing hydrorhiza. Stems erect, monosiphonic, slightly geniculate to almost straight (Pl. 3B), perisarc rather thick, almost transparent; a varied number of basal annuli above origin from stolon, followed by a short, smooth part; remainder of cauli divided into internodes by oblique constrictions of the perisarc, slightly marked to indistinct, slanting in opposite directions. Each internode rather short, carrying a latero-distal hydrotheca; adaxial cusp of one hydrotheca almost reaching the base of following one. Side branches, when present, arising irregularly from below bases of stem hydrothecae, generally laterally (giving the colony a coplanar appearance) or, more rarely, slightly in front or rear side of the colony (Fig. 6F). Base of branch delimited from stem by a rather distinct node; first internode generally longer than subsequent ones. Hydrothecae (Fig. 6H) alternate, flask shaped, slightly curving outwards; adnate for 2/5th their adaxial length; free adaxial wall smooth to wavy (in which case provided with 2–3 weak undulations); abcauline wall varied in shape, from slightly concave, to straight, to rarely convex; aperture perpendicular to long axis of hydrotheca, constricted below rim; four pointed triangular cusps separated by shallow embayments; operculum of four triangular plates. Gonothecae of both sexes given off from below the bases of stem hydrothecae; ovoid, walls undulated to occasionally rather smooth; male longer and slightly slender than female (compare Fig. 7D1 and 7D2); aperture mounted on short neck provided with 3–4 distal horns flanking the aperture; female containing up to 20 large oocytes.</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. The general appearance, the mode of branching, the shape of both hydro- and gonothecae recall the widely-spread <i>S. polyzonias</i> (Linnaeus, 1785). A comparison with specimens of the latter from Brittany, France (Fig. 6G), showed −however − that <i>S. pauciramosa</i> is a smaller species, with less adnate hydrothecae [about 2/5th, compared to 1/2 or less in <i>S. polyzonias</i>, this feature being also evident from the accounts of Ramil & Vervoort (1992) and Ramil <i>et al</i>. (1992)].</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. The specific name results from the fusion of two Latin words, <i>pauci</i> (meaning few) and <i>ramus</i> (meaning branch), and illustrates the rather scarce branching pattern of the colonies.</p> <p> <b>Distribution in Chile</b>. Only known from around Taltal (present study).</p> <p> <b> <i>Sertularella pauciramosa</i> sp. nov. <i>S. polyzonias</i> (Linnaeus, 1758)</b> </p> <p> <b>Reference</b> Present study Present study Ramil <i>et al</i>. (1992) <b>Internodes</b></p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. Corral, Chaihuin/Huiro, lat. -39.95000, long. -73.61667, 17.x.2011, 18 m, sample 01: fertile colony on sponge, stems up 3.5 cm high (MHNG-INVE-86241); 22.iii.2012, 6 m, sample 13: fertile colony on sponge, stems up to 3.0 cm high (MHNG-INVE-86242).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. Besides its discovery in Chile by Hartlaub (1901b), the second record from the country (Galea & Schories 2012a) was based on sterile specimens. The present material, with gonothecae, is in agreement with earlier descriptions [Blanco (1967a), as <i>S. glacialis</i> (Jäderholm, 1904); Blanco (1976), as <i>S. modestus</i> (Hartlaub, 1901); Blanco (1980)], and confirms our previous identification.</p> <p> <b>Distribution in Chile</b>. Calbuco (Hartlaub 1901), Punta de Choros (Galea & Schories 2012a), and Corral (present record).</p> <p> <b>World records</b>. Argentina (see Galea & Schories 2012a).</p>Published as part of <i>Galea, Horia R., Schories, Dirk, Försterra, Günter & Häussermann, Verena, 2014, New species and new records of hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Chile, pp. 1-50 in Zootaxa 3852 (1)</i> on pages 35-36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3852.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/286956">http://zenodo.org/record/286956</a>
Halecium platythecum Galea, Forsterra & Haussermann, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Halecium platythecum</i> Galea, Försterra & Häussermann, sp. nov. <p>(Plate 2D; Figs 2 M, N; 3I, J; Table 4)</p> <p> <i>Halecium delicatulum</i> ―Galea, 2007: 54, Fig. 12E–H (not 12I, J = <i>H. flexile</i> Allman, 1888). not <i>Halecium delicatulum</i> Coughtrey, 1876a: 299; 1876b: 26, pl. 3 Figs 4, 5.</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. Comau, North side of entrance to Quintupeu fjord, lat. -42.15000, long. -72.43333, 25.ii.2005, 15‒ 25 m, sample S22: part of the male colony MHNG-INVE-53175 [see Galea (2007)]. HF11, Estero Millabu, lat. -45.75762, long. -74.55160, 20.xi.2011, 7.4 m, sample C021: a female colony with monosiphonic stems, up to 3.5 cm high, on worm tube and stems of <i>Symplectoscyphus</i> sp. (holotype: MHNG-INVE-86251).</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. Colonies arising from creeping, branching stolon. Stems up to 3.5 cm high, monosiphonic throughout (Pl. 2D); a few basal constrictions above origin from stolon; remainder of stem divided by oblique nodes into moderately long, geniculate internodes, the latter with two proximal annuli and a distal bulge (Fig. 2 M). Each internode carries a well-developed, latero-distal hydrophore, reaching or slightly surpassing the level of distal node; pseudodiaphragm absent (Fig. 2 N). Branching sparse and irregular; side branches given off singly from the hydrophores in front or rear side of the stem; basally with several oblique annuli; there are up to second order branches. Hydrothecae borne of corresponding hydrophores; moderately deep, walls divergent, rim strongly everted; renovations commonly present, up to 8; following hydrophores of varied length, the second generally well-developed and annulated basally, the next ones rather short. Most hydranths shed. Gonothecae given off from the primary hydrophores, slightly below the hydrothecal bases; pyriform in frontal view, and laterally flattened in both sexes. Female with an apical, circular aperture with thickened perisarc (Fig. 3I); male devoid of aperture (Fig. 3J). The cnidome composition could not be checked.</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. This species with monosiphonic habit was previously (Galea 2007) included in the synonymy of what is now regarded as <i>H. flexile</i> (see above). Both species are distinguished on the following accounts: 1) <i>H. platythecum</i> always forms monosiphonic stems, those of <i>H. flexile</i> becoming readily polysiphonic in colonies less than 2 cm high, thus comparatively smaller than the largest ones in the new species; 2) the internodes of <i>H. platythecum</i> are geniculate, while those of <i>H. flexile</i> are always collinear, even in the smallest, monosiphonic stems; 3) the internodes are comparatively thicker in <i>H. flexile</i>; 4) there is always a pseudodiapragm on the adaxial side of the primary hydrophores of <i>H. flexile</i>, while it is missing in <i>H. platythecum</i>; 5) the female gonothecae of <i>H. flexile</i> are distinctly swollen (see Fig. 3A2) and seem to produce less oocytes than the laterally compressed gonothecae of <i>H. platythecum</i>.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. The specific name results from the fusion of the Greek adjective <i>πλατύς</i> (meaning flattened) with the substantive <i>θήκη</i> (meaning receptacle), in order to characterize the shape of the female gonotheca.</p> <p> <b>Distribution in Chile</b>. Fjord Comau (Galea 2007), while the present material originates from the Millabu Strait.</p> <p> <b>World records</b>. The distribution outside Chile could not be evaluated at present based on literature data.</p> <p> <b> <i>Halecium tehuelchum</i> (d’Orbigny, 1842) 14</b> (Plate 2E; Fig. 4 H–M)</p> <p> <i>Thoa tehuelcha</i> d’Orbigny, 1842: pl. 12 Figs 4, 5; 1847: 25. <i>Halecium tehuelcha—</i> Hartlaub, 1905: 602, Fig. X2.</p> <p> <i>Halecium tehuelchum—</i> Bedot, 1905: 80.— Blanco, 1994: 188.</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. HF11, Punta Garro, lat. -46.31517, long. -75.65203, 30.xi.2011, 17.3 m, sample C349: a 4.5 cm high, male colony, on dead gorgonian (MHNG-INVE-86217); 30.xi.2011, 13.5 m, sample C351: a 5.0 cm high female colony, on worm tube (MHNG-INVE-86216).</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. Colonies up to 5 cm high, very flaccid when out of liquid, arising from a creeping, branched, anastomosed stolon. Stems with a few annuli above origin from stolon; monosiphonic, thin, delicate, becoming less distinct in much ramified colonies; divided into internodes by oblique constrictions of the perisarc. Internodes geniculate, exceedingly long (1145–1990 µm), slender (100–140 µm wide at nodes), straight for most of their length, except for a distal bent at origin of hydrophore (Pl. 2E, Fig. 4 H1); basally with 2–4 annuli, and a short, distal apophysis supporting the following internode; hydrophores 105–185 µm long, surpassing level of distal node. Side branches arising singly or in pairs from hydrophores, just below the hydrothecal diaphragms, and oppositely to the direction taken by the next stem internodes; structure like the stem (Fig. 4 H3). Hydrotheca 50–60 µm deep, distinctly flared (85–105 µm wide at base and 120–170 µm at aperture), rim everted (Fig. 4 I); a ring of desmocytes above diaphragm; no pseudo-diaphragm. Hydrothecae often regenerated (up to 4 times), especially those at the end of a side branch; length of secondary, tertiary etc. hydrophores generally decreasing distally. Female gonothecae arising from within the hydrothecae (Fig. 4 J1); 1010–1290 µm long and 770–925 µm wide, broadly rounded to irregular in shape, laterally flattened (Fig. 4 J3), aperture distal, circular, 110–145 µm in diameter; oocytes 105–120 µm wide, their number could not be ascertained in these partly spent gonothecae, though up to 8 could be seen in the best preserved ones. Male gonothecae arising laterally from below the hydrothecal bases or, more rarely, from within the hydrothecae; smaller than female (780–1120 µm long, 380–415 µm wide), elongated-ovoid, and also</p> <p> 14. D’Orbigny not only dated his species using the date of the writing of his manuscripts, but his work was issued in <i>livraisons</i>, many of them consisting of solely plates (Sherborn & Woodward 1901). According to Sherborn & Griffin (1934), the name becomes available with the publication of the plates in 1842, the text appearing later in 1847. Additional species described by d’Orbigny, such as the well-known <i>Symplectoscyphus milneanus</i>, have been dated 1846 in numerous earlier accounts, and should consequently be dated correctly 1842.</p> <p> laterally flattened. Cnidome (Fig. 4 M): small [(6.3–6.9) × 2.6 µm] and large (<i>ca</i>. 9.8 × 4.0 µm) heteronemes (none seen discharged), as well as microbasic mastigophores [(6.0–6.6) × 1.7 µm].</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. The characteristic habit of the colony is well illustrated by d’Orbigny (1842, Pl. 12 Fig. 4), while the structure of the stem, though in almost good agreement with the specimens observed by us, fails to show the hydrothecae (d’Orbigny’s Pl. 12 Fig. 5). The sex of the gonotheca drawn by d’Orbigny could not be ascertained with certainty, and differs from both male and female gonothecae in the present material, in having a wide aperture. The latter may have been expressly exaggerated by d’Orbigny, since no other <i>Halecium</i> species displays such wide apertures, neither in females nor in males.</p> <p>Blanco (1994) doubted the identity of this hydroid, and the present record represents the second finding of this species.</p> <p> <b>Distribution in Chile</b>. The present record is from a locality situated at about 46°S.</p> <p> <b>World records</b>. Previously known only from near the mouth of Río Negro, Argentina, which is the type locality (d’Orbigny 1842).</p>Published as part of <i>Galea, Horia R., Schories, Dirk, Försterra, Günter & Häussermann, Verena, 2014, New species and new records of hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Chile, pp. 1-50 in Zootaxa 3852 (1)</i> on pages 23-25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3852.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/286956">http://zenodo.org/record/286956</a>
Antennella incerta Galea 2010
No full textAntennella incerta Galea, 2010 Fig. 11b, c Antennella incerta Galea, 2010: 25, figs. 6H 1, J, K. Type locality. Guadeloupe: Grande-Terre, L’Oeil (16°26.782´N, 61°32.405´W) (Galea 2010: 4). Voucher material. West Palm Beach, on reef seaward of the Breakers Hotel, 45 feet (13.7 m), on stems of Halopteris carinata, January 1991, SCUBA, two colonies, up to 2.5 mm high, without gonophores, coll. P. Humann, ROMIZ B3973. Remarks. Cormoids of Antennella incerta Galea, 2010 are remarkably small and slender, and specimens might easily be overlooked or mistaken for juveniles of another species. Colonies of A. incerta are distinguished in particular by having a single, laterally-displaced axillar nematotheca distal to each hydrotheca (Fig. 11b), and a pair of lateral nematothecae that are mug-shaped and deeply emarginated on the adcauline side, each borne on a long apophysis that reaches nearly to the hydrothecal margin (Fig. 11c). A perisarcal thickening marks the inner abcauline wall of the hydrotheca just above the base. Thecate internodes are saddle-shaped, and the terminal one of a hydrocladium does not extend beyond the axil between it and the hydrotheca or the bases of the nematothecal apophyses. This is only the second report of A. incerta, extending its known range northwards from the Caribbean Sea. Reported distribution. Atlantic coast of Florida. First record. Western Atlantic. Florida (this study) to Guadeloupe (Galea 2010).Published as part of Calder, Dale R., 2013, Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 3648 (1) on page 41, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3648.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/526436
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