1,726,697 research outputs found
Government Networks and Knowledge Networks_The Monetarism and G6/G7
No full text1970년대 석유파동과 브레턴우즈 체제의 붕괴 이후 세계경제의 혼란은 세계경제의 운영과 관련하여 두 가지 현상을 초래했다. 첫째, 케인스학파의 영향력이 쇠퇴하고, 통화량 조정을 중시하는 시카고학파가 부상하게 되었다. 케인스학파의 정책 제안은 스태그플레이션으로 귀결된 반면, 통화론자들은 1970년대 세계경제의 향방을 정확히 예측하는 모형을 제시하였기 때문이다. 둘 때, 세계경제를 운영하는 기제로서 G6/G7의 등장이었다. 지식체계 간 경쟁과 G6/G7출범이 동시대에 발생했기 때문에 G6/G7은 자연스럽게 지식체계 간 경쟁의 장소가 되었다. 1970년대 G6/G7에서 주요 쟁점은 성장/고용과 물가안정이었다. 케인스학파는 유효수요 창출을 통한 불황 탈피를 권고했고, 시카고학파는 통화량 조정을 통한 물가안정에 초점을 맞추었다. 미국, 일본, 이탈리아는 케인스학파의 권고를 수용한 반면, 프랑스는 1960년대부터 고전적 통화론자의 권고를 수용하면서 미국을 압박했다. G6/G7내부에서 쟁점 간 경쟁과 지식체계 간 경쟁은 1980년대 초반가지 이어지다가 통화주의가 G6/G7에서 수용되면서 해소되었다. 통화주의와 G6/G7의 결합이 현재까지 이어져 G8 네트워크는 신자유주의 지식체계와 연관되어 있다.The turbulence in the world economy, which followed the Nixon Shock in 1971 and the first Oil Shock in 1973, was the opportunity for monetarism to gain popularities in policy circles as well as academia. The policy recommendations by the Keynesianism led to the stagflation, while several prominent monetarists predictions and explanations appeared to turn out correct in the 1970s. In addition, the turbulence in the 1970s was helpful in the emergence of G6/G7 as the most important network in managing the world economy. As the emergence of G6/G7 was coeval with the surge of monetarism, G6/G7 became a locus where monetarism and Keynesianism competed against each other. Low growth, unemployment and inflation were major challenges for the summits of G6/G7 to deal with in the 1970s. The United States, Japan, and Italy adopted Keynesian policy recommendations to countervail the economic downturn by utilizing fiscal policies; France and Germany, which already adopted classic monetarism in the 1960s. favored monetarists policy recommendations to deal with inflation by controlling the money supply. Monetarism won over Keynesianism and became the common denominator among G6/G7 policies in tackling domestic economic issues. It helped G6/G7 become a viable network in the world economy
Rola grupy G6 w polityce bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego Unii Europejskiej
Full text linkThe present paper seeks to analyze the impact of the Group of Six (G6) on the area of internal security of the European Union. The G6 is an example of initiatives which were born outside the legal-institutional framework of the European Union yet were aiming to exert a significant influence on the political processes within the EU. The key research question raised in this paper is: What impact has the G6’s agenda got on policy-making in the EU’s internal security field? Methodology contains postfunctionalism as a theoretical framework. Research was based on qualitative methods, an analysis of primary sources and the subject literature. The findings point to the significant influence of the G6 as an informal forum for consultations and agenda-setting with regard to key matters of the EU’s internal security. The G6 supported the EU’s policy in the face of the most serious security challenges, taking advantage of the constructive compromise between the supranational effects of EU policy and the interests of the member states.Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu przeanalizowanie wpływu grupy G6 na obszar bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego Unii Europejskiej. G6 jest przykładem inicjatyw, które powstały poza prawno-instytucjonalnymi ramami Unii Europejskiej, ale miały na celu wywarcie znaczącego wpływu na procesy polityczne w UE. Pytanie badawcze postawione w tym artykule brzmi: Jaki wpływ miała agenda G6 na kształtowanie polityki w zakresie bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego UE? Metodologia obejmuje postfunkcjonalizm jako ramę teoretyczną. Badania opierały się na metodach jakościowych, analizie źródeł pierwotnych i literatury przedmiotu. Wyniki badań wskazują na znaczący wpływ G6 jako nieformalnego forum konsultacji i ustalania agendy w odniesieniu do istotnych kwestii bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego UE. G6 wspierała politykę UE w sytuacji najpoważniejszych wyzwań bezpieczeństwa, korzystając z konstruktywnego kompromisu między ponadnarodowymi skutkami polityki UE a interesami państw członkowskich
G6-1.5K-SAI: a new Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) experiment integrating recent advances in solar radiation modification studies
No full textThe Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) has proposed multiple model experiments during phases 5 and 6 of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP), with the latest set of model experiments proposed in 2015. With phase 7 of CMIP in preparation and with multiple efforts ongoing to better explore the potential space of outcomes for different solar radiation modifications (SRMs) both in terms of deployment strategies and scenarios and in terms of potential impacts, the GeoMIP community has identified the need to propose and conduct a new experiment that could serve as a bridge between past iterations and future CMIP7 experiments. Here we report the details of such a proposed experiment, named G6-1.5K-SAI, to be conducted with the current generation of scenarios and models from CMIP6 and clarify the reasoning behind many of the new choices introduced. Namely, compared to the CMIP6 GeoMIP scenario G6sulfur, we decided on (1) an intermediate emission scenario as a baseline (the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 2-4.5), (2) a start date set in the future that includes both considerations for the likelihood of exceeding 1.5 °C above preindustrial levels and some considerations for a likely start date for an SRM implementation, and (3) a deployment strategy for stratospheric aerosol injection that does not inject in the tropical pipe in order to obtain a more latitudinally uniform aerosol distribution. We also offer more details regarding the preferred experiment length and number of ensemble members and include potential options for second-tier experiments that some modeling groups might want to run. The specifics of the proposed experiment will further allow for a more direct comparison between results obtained from CMIP6 models and those obtained from future scenarios for CMIP7.</p
ENERGIANALYS AV KÅRHUSET G6 : En analys av energianvändningen för Kårhuset G6, med förslag till potentiellaenergiförbättringar
No full textPurpose: The aim of this study was to analyse the energy usage in Kårhuset G6, and toexplore and propose potential energy efficiency measures that could be implemented toreduce the building's energy usage. Current study: A model of Kårhuset G6 was created inthe building simulation program IDA ICE. The model that was created was made to the bestof its ability based on construction drawings, actual measurements and existing componentsin Kårhuset G6. Certain simplifications and assumptions were made in order to perform themodelling and simulation of the building. The biggest simplification made in the study wasthat the result was based solely on the energy simulation, which was manly based on thebuilding's construction drawings. This was done because the data for the building's historicalenergy consumption could not be obtained for the study. Results: In the study, two separateannual energy simulations were carried out for the studied building, one for the building inits current state and one for after the implementation of the selected efficiency measures. Thestudy found that three different energy efficiency measures could be effectively implementedover time, all with different impacts on energy use in Kårhuset G6. The results from the twosimulation cases were them compared to determine the resulting improvement.Conclusions: The conclusion that could be drawn from this thesis was that even withseveral different efficiency measures, only a relatively small, but noticeable, theoreticalreduction in energy usage is achieved for Kårhuset G6. An uncertainty in how well the studyresults reflects the actual energy consumption in the building was identified. However, theresults show that regardless of their relevance to actual energy usage, the results show thatthere is a good opportunity to reduce the building's usage through relatively simplerenovation initiatives
MAST G6-S Coastal structures: Proceedings of the final overall workshop
No full textThese proceedings describes the progress and results of the MAST I research project "G6-S Coastal Structures', which has addressed the techniques available for the analysis and design of coastal and harbour structures such as sea walls, revetments, and breakwaters. They sumrnarise the information collected and developments completed under the four topic areas of the project during the 30 month project. The research topics addressed in this project were: Integration, the development of the overall framework; Wave action on and in coastal structures; Wave impact loading on vertical structures; Berm and rubble rnound breakwatersMAST
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Analysis of nad2 and nad5 enables reliable identification of genotypes G6 and G7 within the species complex Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato
No full textInternational audienceThe larval stages of tapeworms in the species complex Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato cause a zoonotic disease known as cystic echinococcosis (CE). Within this species complex, genotypes G6 and G7 are among the most common genotypes associated with human CE cases worldwide. However, our understanding of ecology, biology and epidemiology of G6 and G7 is still limited. An essential first step towards this goal is correct genotype identification, but distinguishing genotypes G6 and G7 has been challenging. A recent analysis based on complete mitogenome data revealed that the conventional sequencing of the cox1 (366 bp) gene fragment mistakenly classified a subset of G7 samples as G6. On the other hand, sequencing complete mitogenomes is not practical if only genotype or haplogroup identification is needed. Therefore, a simpler and less costly method is required to distinguish genotypes G6 and G7. We compared 93 complete mitogenomes of G6 and G7 from a wide geographical range and demonstrate that a combination of nad2 (714 bp) and nad5 (680 bp) gene fragments would be the best option to distinguish G6 and G7. Moreover, this method allows assignment of G7 samples into haplogroups G7a and G7b. However, due to very high genetic variability of G6 and G7, we suggest to construct a phylogenetic network based on the nad2 and nad5 sequences in order to be absolutely sure in genotype assignment. For this we provide a reference dataset of 93 concatenated nad2 and nad5 sequences (1394 bp in total) containing representatives of G6 and G7 (and haplogroups G7a and G7b), which can be used for the reconstruction of phylogenetic networks
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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