146 research outputs found
Movements and home range of the Eurasian Griffon Vulture (Gyps fulvus) in the eastern Alps and Adriatic region, in relation to food availability
No full textThe Griffon Vulture (Gyps fulvus) is a colonial cliff-nesting raptor inhabiting Southern Europe, Northern Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia, being mainly distributed in the countries around the Mediterranean sea. Like many vultures and raptors, the species has suffered sharp declines in recent decades and has disappeared from some countries while generally decreasing in the few populations remaining. In Italy the species was distributed in Sicily, Sardinia and in different sectors of the Alps and the Apennines. Actually, in Italy the presence of this vulture is closely tied to conservation projects that have allowed the creation of four colonies as well as saving the last Italian colony in Sardinia. The Italian populations (Sardinia, Friuli, Abruzzo, Sicily and Calabria) amount to 170 breeding pairs.
In the Eastern Alps griffon vultures are usually present in spring and summer, spending the warmer months of the year in a huge area covering the region Friuli Venezia Giulia and part of the Slovenian and Austrian Alps. A conservation project began in the “Riserva naturale regionale del Lago di Cornino” (Udine-Italy 46°13’N, 13° 01’E) at the end of the 1980s with the aim of consolidating the species’ presence in the Alps and creating nesting colonies. The local population actually numbers a minimum of 120-150 individual in winter and more than 250 in summer, when many birds arrive from Croatia and other countries; there are about 50 breeding pairs.
The griffons vultures follow traditional flyways to move between Croatia and the most important sites in the Alps. The birds are strictly dependent upon one feeding point in the natural reserve that provides a large amount of food throughout the year and especially during the winter months. In the other areas they depend on grazing animals.
The research aims to define the areas used by vultures in different months and seasons, in different countries and the ways in which they move and stay as a function of their feeding search strategies; in particular with respect to Italy (a constantly replenished feeding point supplied all year), Croatia (the natural availability of sheep throughout the year) and Austria (the natural availability of cattle that graze during the summer months).
12 griffon vultures were captured and marked with rings and GPS PLUS 1C BIRD GPS-GSM satellite tracking unit equipment (Vectronics Aerospace Gmbh-Germany), from 2005 to 2014. The home range movements and lengths of stay were estimated based on 127 to 4,586 fixes, depending on the individual.
The home ranges on a monthly basis and with respect to the different areas, Austria, Italy and Croatia, differed from each other. With regard to the Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP), Croatia is, on average, equal to 1142 km2+1042, Italy 336 km2+325 and Austria, 389 km2+255. These values appear influenced by the closeness to the sea in Croatia, where the griffon vultures frequent a range of islands and the coast. The home range (HR95: kernel densituy estimation at 95%; HR50 kernell density estimation at 50%) minus the sea areas appear to differ between Croatia (HR95=188 km2 e HR50 28 km2) and Italy (HR95 215 km2 e HR50 42 km2) compared to Austria (HR95 49 km2 e HR50 19 km22), where it is lower.
The Austrian Alps are visited only in summer (from June to early October), while the birds’ presence is distributed throughout the year in the Croatian and the Italo-Slovenian areas. The total residence time on a monthly basis is greatest in Italy (days=18.71+10.68) compared to Croatia (14.03+10.15) and Austria (15.08+11.65), while the average length of stay (average number of days of residence per visit) (17.25+11.25 Italy, Croatia 13.13+9.94, Austria 16.62+11.33) and the frequency of monthly visits are not statistically different for the three areas (Italy 1.29+0.79, Croatia 1.23+0.69, Austria 1.00+0.57), even if there is a more extended period of stay and frequency of visits to Italy. The average distance travelled each month in each area does not significantly differ from each other even though, on average, they are higher in Croatia (482 km +328), compared to Italy (335 km +263) and Austria (246 km +176). All the variables studied vary according to the season, with a greater number of days of presence in autumn and winter, seasons in which there are fewer movements and smaller home ranges, particularly in winter.
The presence of a feeding point does not appear to significantly reduce the areas explored by griffon vultures, at least in comparison with the other situations under consideration, even if the residence times and the frequency of utilization appear higher. The presence of a feeding site appears to be an effective tool from the conservation point of view.Il grifone è una specie sociale che nidifica su pareti rocciose nell’Europa del sud, Africa del nord, Medio Oriente e Asia centrale, con maggior diffusione nei paesi del Mediterraneo. Come molti avvoltoi ha subito un marcato declino negli ultimi anni e si è estinto in varie aree. In Italia era distribuito in Sicilia, Sardegna e diversi settori delle Alpi e degli Appennini. Attualmente la sua presenza è legata a progetti di conservazione che hanno consentito di creare quattro popolazioni e salvare gli ultimi avvoltoi sardi. La popolazione italiana (Sardegna, Friuli, Abruzzo, Sicilia e Calabria) è di circa 170 coppie. Sulle Alpi orientali i grifoni sono tradizionalmente presenti in primavera e estate, estivando in una vasta area che include la Regione Friuli Venezia Giulia e parte delle Alpi Slovene e Austriache. Un progetto di conservazione è stato attuato nella “Riserva naturale regionale del Lago di Cornino” (Udine-Italia 46°13’N, 13°01’E) alla fine degli anni ’80 allo scopo di consolidare la presenza della specie e creare colonie nidificanti. Queste contano attualmente un minimo di 120-150 uccelli in inverno e più di 250 in estate, quando molti grifoni arrivano dalla Croazia e da altri paesi. Le coppie nidificanti sono circa 50.
I grifoni seguono tradizionali percorsi di spostamento tra la Croazia e le aree di estivazione sulle Alpi e frequentano un sito di alimentazione nella Riserva naturale che fornisce una grande quantità di cibo tutto l’anno. Nelle altre aree, in Slovenia, Austria e Croazia, la disponibilità trofica è associata alla presenza del bestiame al pascolo.
Risulta importante studiare l'effetto di un punto di alimentazione sui movimenti di questa specie tra siti tradizionalmente usati in diverse stagioni (Alpi e area del Quarnero), sui relativi spazi famigliari e sui tempi di permanenza.
La ricerca si propone di definire le aree utilizzate dai grifoni (Home Range) nei diversi mesi e stagioni e nei diversi paesi e le modalità con cui si spostano in funzione delle strategie di ricerca trofica, in particolare rispetto alla situazione in Italia (punto di alimentazione costantemente rifornito) Croazia, (disponibilità di ovini al pascolo tutto l'anno) e Austria (disponibilità di bestiame al nel periodo estivo).
Sono stati catturati e marcati con anelli e apparecchiature satellitari GPS PLUS 1C BIRD GPS-GSM tracking units (Vectronics Aerospace Gmbh-Germania) 12 grifoni, dal 2005 al 2014. Gli home range i movimenti ed i tempi di permanenza sono stati stimati sulla base di un numero di fix variabile per individuo (da 127 a 4.586).
Gli home range su base mensile e rispetto alle diverse aree, Austria, Italia e Croazia, sono risultati tra loro diversi. Per il MCP: in Croazia è mediamente pari a 1142 km2+1042, in Italia 336 km2+325 ed in Austria 389 km2+255. Questi valori appaiono influenzati dalla presenza del mare in Croazia, dove i grifoni frequentano diverse isole e la costa. Gli home range (HR95: Kernell al 95%;, HR50 Kernell al 50%) depurati delle zone di mare, appaiono diversi tra Croazia (HR95=188 km2 e HR50 28 km2) e Italia (HR95 215 km2 e HR50 42 km2) rispetto all'Austria (HR95 49 km2 e HR50 19 km2), che risulta inferiore.
Le Alpi Austriache vengono visitate solo in estate (da giugno all’inizio di ottobre) mentre le presenze sono distribuite su tutto l'anno nelle aree croate e italiane. Il tempo di permanenza totale su base mensile appare maggiore in Italia (18,71 +10,68) rispetto a Croazia (14,03 +10,15) e Austria (15,08 +11,65), mentre la permanenza media (numero di giorni medi di residenza per visita) (Italia 17,25 + 11,25, Croazia 13,13 + 9,94, Austria 16,62 +11,33) e le frequenze di visite mensili non sono statisticamente diverse per le tre aree (Italia 1,29 + 0,79, Croazia 1,23 +0,69, Austria 1,00 +0,57), anche se l’Italia viene visitata più frequentemente e per periodi più lunghi. Le distanze medie percorse mensilmente nelle singole aree non appaiono tra loro significativamente diverse anche se mediamente sono più elevate in Croazia ( 482 km +328), rispetto a Italia (335 km +263) e Austria (246 km +176). Tutte le variabili studiate variano in funzione della stagione: con un numero maggiore di giorni di presenza in autunno e inverno, stagioni in cui ci sono minori movimenti e home range più piccoli, soprattutto in inverno.
La presenza di un punto di alimentazione appare non ridurre significativamente le superfici esplorate dai grifoni, almeno in confronto con le altre realtà considerate. Il carnaio risulta essere uno strumento efficace dal punto di vista conservazionistico. La telemetria satellitare si dimostra uno strumento in grado di fornire dettagliate informazioni sui movimenti e l’uso dello spazio e quindi fondamentale per pianificare le strategie di conservazione per gli avvoltoi
Spatial ecology of non-breeding Eurasian Griffon Vultures Gyps fulvus in relation to natural and artificial food availability
No full textCapsule: The movements and spatial ecology of non-breeding Eurasian Griffon Vultures Gyps fulvus
in northern Italy, Croatia and Austria do not seem to be affected by feeding station use.
Aims: The purpose of this study was to assess how the creation of a feeding station at the Riserva
Naturale Regionale del Lago di Cornino (Forgaria nel Friuli, northeast Italy) during the 1980s might
have affected the spatial and behavioural ecology of the Eurasian Griffon Vulture.
Methods: Using global positioning system (GPS) satellite tracking, we studied movements of nine
non-breeding Eurasian Griffon Vultures within the Riserva Naturale Regionale del Lago di Cornino in
Italy, the Hohe Tauern in Austria and the Kvarner Gulf in Croatia.
Results: Both the average foraging range size and the time spent by the birds in Italy were
comparable to those recorded in Croatia and Austria, where the vultures depend on
unpredictable food resources. A significant difference in terms of foraging range size was
recorded among seasons. In winter it seems to be smaller as a consequence of reduced
movements performed by the individuals due to harsh climate conditions.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that the creation of a feeding station in Forgaria does not seem to
have affected the spatial ecology of the Eurasian Griffon Vulture. However, due to the limited
sample size and the young age of the individuals monitored, which have a long dispersal period,
the findings presented should be considered as preliminary. Further research needs to be
implemented to inform decisions regarding the management of supplementary feeding stations
to promote the recovery and conservation of scavenger species, particularly in areas in which
they have declined massively
An overview of research on gender in Spanish society
No full textThis article presents an overview of research on gender in Spanish society. Six areas of literature are examined including families, education, work, politics, sexuality, and men. The author argues that political factors have shaped the development of sociology of gender in Spain and that there are still important gaps in coverage in this area of sociological inquiry.Publicad
Facial Emgs: Affective Reactivity in Depression (Mental Health, Emotion, Psychomotor).
No full textThe lack of reactivity to environmental stimuli is a significant feature of clinical depression (Nelson, Charney and Quinlan, 1980). Affective, cognitive and psychomotor "deficits" have been identified in this lack of reactivity. Differential affective reactivity has been operationalized by Schwartz, Fair, Salt M and el and Klerman (1976 a,b) and Greden, Genero, Price, Feinberg and Levine (1985) as a distinctive facial muscle response to a specific imagery state. In particular, normal subjects show notable increases in corrugator baseline EMG activity during sad imagery, and increases in zygomatic baseline EMG activity during happy imagery. In contrast, typical day imagery elicits a relatively neutral response from each of these regions. This investigation seeks to assess whether exposure to personally-relevant evaluative information might facilitate differential reactivity to affective imagery among depressives. To explore this idea, a repeated measures experimental design was utilized. Facial EMG recordings of the corrugator and zygomatic regions were obtained during pre- and post-experimental imagery trials. A sample of thirty normal females (N = 30) and fifteen depressed drug-free females (N = 15), participated in this study. Normal subjects were r and omly assigned to either an evaluative or neutral stimulus condition. Depressives were assigned to an evaluative condition only. Three EMG timed trials were conducted. Participants were first instructed to image happy, "typical day", and sad situations sequentially. Subjects were then asked to listen to either a series of evaluative or neutral statements. Upon completion of this task subjects repeated the first set of three imagery trials. After EMG monitoring, self-report ratings of mood, severity of depression and intensity of happy and sad imagery were obtained. Results indicated that during the pre-experimental imagery trials, depressed subjects did not show increases in zygomatic baseline activity during happy imagery, whereas normal subjects did show notable increases. Corrugator EMG activity remained elevated throughout the procedure among depressives with notable increases in baseline activity during sad imagery. Normals in the evaluative condition showed greater EMG corrugator response to sad imagery than normals in the neutral condition. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)PhDSocial psychologyUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/160661/1/8520900.pd
Más eslabones. Historias. Revista de la Dirección de Estudios Históricos. Num. 66-67 (2007) enero-agosto
No full textEl arte maestra, traducción novohispana de un tratado pictórico italiano [Estudio introductorio y notas de Paula Mues Orts], Museo de la Basílica de Guadalupe, México, 2006
Sexuality violence and vulnerability in the state system for young offenders in Sao Paulo Brazil
No full textA situation analysis of policies and practices related to sexuality was
conducted in the state system for young offenders in Sao Paulo (FEBEM-SP)
from October 2005 until February 2006. Using quantitative and qualitative
research methods three separate but interlinking research studies explored
aspects of sexuality and vulnerability in young people, the capacity of
FEBEM-SP staff members in residential institutions to respond to aspects of
sexuality and vulnerability and lastly the ideology and functioning of FEBEMSP
itself. The research study was a collaborative effort between the London
School of Hygiene (LSHTM), the University of Sao Paulo (USP) and the
Population Council Brazil. A comprehensive literature review revealed a
dearth of research on the sexual vulnerability of young people under the
care of FEBEM-SP or other similar institutions. Furthermore, no previous
research among this population has attempted to link the vulnerabilities of
service users, service providers and the institution. These research gaps
highlight the importance of this research and its findings.
The results from this study indicate that the young men who participated in
the study were highly vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections including
HIV. Access to sexual and reproductive health services were severely
constrained especially in residential institutions. The majority of young men
were sexually active and reported high numbers of life time sexual partners
and inconsistent condom use.
Violence emerged as the major aspect of vulnerability in young men's lives.
Racial discrimination emerged as another important aspect. The young men
interviewed experienced violence in all spheres of their lives: in their homes, in
their communities (school or FEBEM-SP) and in the street. At the time, FEBEMSP
residential institutions were plagued by major security concerns including
frequent rebellions and uprisings. Young men and FEBEM-SP staff were both
victims and perpetrators of violence. In residential institutions there were
reports of clandestine sexual activity (including sexual violence) with fellow
residents, visitors and staff members. There was a taboo surrounding sexual
violence. Constrained by an institutional policy of "no sex, no condoms",
staff members felt unable to respond to young men's sexual and
reproductive health needs. Staff members felt that their own needs for safety
at the workplace were not met.
Steps need to be taken to change the institutional ethos. However, the
author recommends against the creation of institutional STI prevention
programmes given the lack of institutional support and capacity for previous
efforts. The author strongly recommends the implementation of a swift
transition of young people from residential FEBEM-SP institutions to the
probation system where they will have easier access to education, social
assistance, leisure programmes and the municipal health services provided
by the City of Sao Paulo
Irakasleen jardun praktika genero estereotipoen aurrean
No full text[EUS] Lan honekin bilatu nahi izan dugun helburu nagusia irakasleek generoaren berdintasunean oinarritzen duten bere jardun praktika ezagutzea izan da. Horretarako, hainbat adituren hitzak kontuan izanik, eskolek eta bertako irakasleek genero estereotipoen desagerpenean betetzen duten funtzioa aztertu dugu eta diagnostiko txiki bat egin dugu, Haur Hezkuntzako ikasgela batean ikerketa ez-parte hartzaile bat aurrera eramanez eta zenbait elkarrizketa eta dokumentu analizatuz. Lortutako emaitza eta datuekin ondorioak atera ditugu lan hau, etorkizunera begira, hezkuntza hezkidetzailea lortzeko lagungarria izango delakoan.[ESP] El principal objetivo que hemos buscado mediante este trabajo ha sido conocer la práctica basada en la igualdad de género de los profesores. Para ello, y teniendo en cuenta las aportaciones sobre este tema de varios autores, hemos analizado la función que las escuelas y los maestros deben cumplir para fomentar la desaparición de los estereotipos de género, y hemos hecho un pequeño diagnóstico mediante una investigación no participativa en un aula de una escuela de Educación Infantil. Además, también hemos realizado ciertas entrevistas y análisis de documentos. Con los resultados obtenidos, hemos sacado conclusiones, pensando en que este trabajo pueda servir de ayuda para el camino hacia la coeducación.[ENG] The main objective searched by this work is to know the practice based on the equality of the teachers. In order to obtain that, and taking into account some author´s contributions, we have analyzed which should be the schools´ and its teachers’ function to promote the disappearance of the role stereotypes. We have also carried out a diagnosis in an Infantile Education classroom, using the no participative investigation as a method, and we have done some interviews and analyzed some documents too. With all of that, we have obtained our conclusions thinking that this work could be helpful in the way to improve the coeducation and the equality
Irakasleen jardun praktika genero estereotipoen aurrean
No full text[EUS] Lan honekin bilatu nahi izan dugun helburu nagusia irakasleek generoaren berdintasunean oinarritzen duten bere jardun praktika ezagutzea izan da. Horretarako, hainbat adituren hitzak kontuan izanik, eskolek eta bertako irakasleek genero estereotipoen desagerpenean betetzen duten funtzioa aztertu dugu eta diagnostiko txiki bat egin dugu, Haur Hezkuntzako ikasgela batean ikerketa ez-parte hartzaile bat aurrera eramanez eta zenbait elkarrizketa eta dokumentu analizatuz. Lortutako emaitza eta datuekin ondorioak atera ditugu lan hau, etorkizunera begira, hezkuntza hezkidetzailea lortzeko lagungarria izango delakoan.[ESP] El principal objetivo que hemos buscado mediante este trabajo ha sido conocer la práctica basada en la igualdad de género de los profesores. Para ello, y teniendo en cuenta las aportaciones sobre este tema de varios autores, hemos analizado la función que las escuelas y los maestros deben cumplir para fomentar la desaparición de los estereotipos de género, y hemos hecho un pequeño diagnóstico mediante una investigación no participativa en un aula de una escuela de Educación Infantil. Además, también hemos realizado ciertas entrevistas y análisis de documentos. Con los resultados obtenidos, hemos sacado conclusiones, pensando en que este trabajo pueda servir de ayuda para el camino hacia la coeducación.[ENG] The main objective searched by this work is to know the practice based on the equality of the teachers. In order to obtain that, and taking into account some author´s contributions, we have analyzed which should be the schools´ and its teachers’ function to promote the disappearance of the role stereotypes. We have also carried out a diagnosis in an Infantile Education classroom, using the no participative investigation as a method, and we have done some interviews and analyzed some documents too. With all of that, we have obtained our conclusions thinking that this work could be helpful in the way to improve the coeducation and the equality
Morfologia, anatomia e sistematica do genero Ouratea Aublet (Ochnaceae) : levantamento preliminar das caracteristicas de importancia taxonomica e avaliação das classificações vigentes
No full textOrientador: Graziela Maciel BarrosoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaResumo: O genero, Duratea Aublet (Ochnaceae-Ochnoideae) é classificado, segundo os ultimos estudos taxonomicos, na subtribo Duratinae, e considerando restrito à região neotropical (Duratea s.s.). A última revisão taxonômica geral data de 1876. Como subsidio para uma futura revisão do gênero, fez-se um levantamento geral do valor diagnóstico dos caracteres morfológicos e uma avaliação dos dados anatômicos utilizados por P. van Tieghem na descrição de taxons criados a partir do genero Duratea s.l., entre os anos de 1902 a 1903¿Observação: O resumo, na íntegra poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digitalAbstract: The genus Duratea Aublet (Ochnaceae-Ochnoideae), is classifyed, in the last taxonomic studies, in the subtribe Duratinae of the tribe Ochneae, and is considered restrict to the neotropical region (Duratea s.s.). The last revision of this genus was presented in 1876. In order to help a future taxonomic revision, it is presented here a general analysis of the taxonomic value of morphological characters, as well as of the anatomical characters applied by P. van Tieghem in the descriptions of taxa separated by this author from Duratea s.l. between 1902 and 1903...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertationsMestradoBiologia VegetalMestre em Ciências Biológica
El genero en historia
No full textThis virtual volume serves as the initial stage of a needed text on gender history in Spanish, for a Latin American audience. It presents an overview of the development of gender approaches over the last quarter century; describes and defines the analytical tools available to write history from a gender prespective; provides researchers, teachers and students with a rich corpus of reading material; and introduces recent teaching and rapidly growing research on the field in Chile.
The first part (5 chapters, approx. 60 p.), “El género en historia: Hitos y premisas” provides background and definitions on the topic. Its focus is methodological: it shows how the use of gender as a critical conceptual tool enlarges historical understanding in Latin America, the Caribbean, and the Atlantic World. It treats Latin America in the larger scope of Western history and gender studies in social sciences in general.
A second section (approx. 1800 p.), “Antología de trabajos y fuentes”, includes about 40 selected scholarly works (5 of them translated into Spanish for the first time, as well as 10 original sources). This reading material deals primarily with Latin American history since the 16th C. It is distributed into 5 chapters with an introduction, each, by the author- editor (I: Combates por la historia; II: Género y relaciones; III: Género y diferencias; IV: Género e identidad social; V: Género y organización social)
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