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International Refugee Law and the Principle of Non Refoulement: Revisiting the case of Sisiku Ayuk Tabe and Co vs The People of Cameroon
Full text linkThis paper examines the principles of international refugee law, with a particular focus on the non-refoulement principle as the main pillar of international protection against the forced return of individuals to countries where they face serious threats to their life or freedom. This principle is enshrined in Article 33(1) of the 1951 Geneva Refugee Convention and reaffirmed by various regional and international human rights instruments. This paper critically examines the highly contested case of Sisiku Ayuk Tabe and others v. the People of Cameroon, in which leaders of the Anglophone separatist movement who had sought refuge in Nigeria were allegedly arrested by Nigerian authorities in January 2018 and refouled to Cameroon. On the basis of an analysis of legal scholarship and case law, this paper examines the circumstances surrounding the abduction or arrest of Sisiku and Co. This paper also explores whether the actions of the Nigerian and Cameroonian governments constitute a violation of the principle of non-refoulement and other commitments under international law (legality of arrest). Finally, legal and institutional reforms are recommended to improve adherence to international refugee protection standards not only in Africa but also throughout the world
The legal dematerialization of enchantment: prizes, brands and the magical economics of something-for-nothing
Full text linkThis article brings together cultural studies and legal history to address a particular mode of historical enchantment, namely, the economic magic of something-for-nothing. Considered within the early history of mass advertising in Britain, the magic appears to have migrated: it appeared in materialized form in the somewhat forgotten history of nineteenth-century prize and gift advertising, which was gradually superseded by a dematerialized form found in brand advertising. The article examines the process of dematerialization, suggesting that it was unwittingly encouraged by law, which is read here as a public debate about the possibility of getting something for nothing in the market. Legal responses to prize- and brand advertising reveal a marked divergence. They were far more prohibitive toward the former, and thus created conditions in which it made sense for advertisers to dematerialize the benefits they offered, and for consumers to seek dematerialized windfalls. This history reframes the periodization of advertising's modernization, its mood, and the place of law in the history of brand capitalism
Between Global and Local: Glocal Refractions in Roman Material Culture and Society
Full text linkThis book explores the application of glocalization theory in the context of Roman archaeology. Chapters range across social and economic connectivity, architecture and construction, trade, iconography, art and agricultural production and apply glocalization in different ways. Such a diverse range of topics and approaches provokes further consideration of glocalization as an analytical tool that can generate new perspectives in Roman archaeology and history.
Glocalization has become increasingly influential in archaeology in recent years. The Roman world is particularly well-suited to develop this concept. Global phenomena did not simply generate local responses, but instigated adaptations and modifications of these forces to fit local customs, contexts or beliefs. The ability of glocalization as a concept to move fluidly between scales enables discussion of highly localized (micro-scale) developments in funerary architecture, interior décor or agricultural production, through to transregional (macro-scale) responses in the design of forums or economic infrastructure. This book asks, for example, whether local customs and materials shaped the adoption and adaptation of imperial innovations, and if highly interconnected regions responded to changing global networks intentionally. By using glocalization as an analytical tool we can acknowledge multiple agencies and multi-scalar interactions to visualize global-local relationships and the development of bespoke local forms across the different territories of the Roman world
Temporary Protection for Ukrainians in the EU, UK, and Canada
Full text linkThe full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, which started on 24 February 2022, led to the biggest armed conflict in Europe after WWII and forced more than 6 million Ukrainians to flee. This mass exodus induced the implementation of temporary protection policies worldwide, including the unprecedented activation of the Temporary Protection Directive by the Council of the European Union. Although occasionally applied, temporary protection is a relatively understudied concept, prompting the author to investigate its first-ever wide-scale application. The paper compares the temporary protection policies implemented for Ukrainians in the EU, UK, and Canada. The analysis includes descriptions of temporary protection policies in the chosen jurisdictions, their extensions, and the good and bad practices of their implementation. Since the Russo-Ukrainian War has become a protracted armed conflict, preventing most Ukrainians from a safe return, the paper also explores possible ways of their local integration in the EU, UK, and Canada. By comparing temporary protection policies in the mentioned jurisdictions, the author outlines the most preferred policy, making recommendations for policymakers on improving the delivery of current and future temporary protection policies
Overview of Concepts at the Interface (2024, OUP)
No full textAuthor's overview of _Concepts at the Interface_ for a book symposium in _Philosophical Psychology
A Community of Practice for Independent Researchers: Scoping NCACE’s Independent Researchers Network (IRN)
Full text linkThis scoping report sets out how NCACE’s Independent Researchers Network (IRN) can strengthen cross-sector research culture across the arts, culture, community and higher education ecosystems. It draws on: (i) NCACE’s track record of convening effective collaboration; (ii) a Roundtable Consultation with independent researchers; and (iii) a Network Mapping Exercise across academia, arts and cultural organisations, community initiatives and funders.
This report is published on the NCACE Evidence Repository at https://ncace.ac.uk/evidence-hub/evidence-repository/ncace-publication
Stepping into the Void? Examining the Political Trajectories of Cinema and Bande Dessinée in France
Full text linkIn a wonderfully-titled article published in Paragraph in 1992 – ‘How to avoid becoming a middle-aged fogey, with reference to three recent popular French films’ – Keith Reader discusses the literary-inspired, ‘determinedly non-realistic’ (97) direction of late ‘80s film-making in France, considering his chosen films as ‘symptomatic of the ideological and political watering-down of French society’ during the Mitterrand era (108). Despite later reflections from film scholars such as O’Shaughnessy (2010) noting the re-emergence of politically-engaged French cinema from 1995 onwards, by 2015 the then-editor of Cahiers du Cinema, Stéphane Delorme, would lament in a cover story for the journal the ‘vide politique’ of contemporary French cinema, resolutely restricted, as he saw it, to ‘des imageries coupées du réel’. A visual medium more traditionally associated with such a description, the bande dessinée, appears to have followed an opposing thematic trajectory to that of cinema in recent decades. Once largely restricted to juvenile subject matter – although frequently harnessed as a propaganda tool aimed at maintaining already-dominant ideologies amongst its young readerships – the Francophone bande dessinée has, since its 1990s transformation, increasingly engaged with political questions via a growing number of approaches. This article considers how this art form, contrary to the recent thematic evolution of French cinema, has developed since the Mitterrand era to become, arguably, the visual medium of choice for political activism in current-day France. It studies the progression of thematic trends from the emergence of BD reportage in the mid-1990s, to the visual chronicling of French presidential elections from the turn of the millennium onwards, before finally examining the mobilisation of the form in the last ten years as a form of artistic challenge to political decision-making in France and its adoption to this end by journalists and film-makers previously unfamiliar with bande dessinée creation
The ‘Threat’ of “Channel Migrants”: An Exploration into How the UK Media Portrayed People Claiming Asylum
Full text linkThis paper explores how print media in the UK portrayed so-called “channel migrants” during a two-year period preceding a pivotal moment in UK asylum history, where national policy and practice became increasingly exclusionary. This study adopts a corpus linguistics approach to examine the language associated with people on the move in 741 press articles. The findings show during 01/05/19 - 30/04/21 “channel migrants” were predominantly portrayed as ‘a threat’ in newspapers, with some nuance depending on the publication type and terminology used to refer to people on the move. Where possible, findings are disaggregated by gender, showing significant discrepancies between the media framing of female and male “channel migrants”. Finally, this paper offers reflections on a potential relationship between media portrayal and policymaking in the asylum context
Childhood Statelessness in European Courts: An Avoidable Crisis
Full text linkIn the face of claims that statelessness is an avoidable tragedy, millions still suffer from the deprivation of a nationality. Through no fault of their own, the children among these millions often are born into statelessness and thus a life of instability. Even though all European states have ratified the of the Child (CRC), which mandates immediate birth registration and the right to acquire a nationality, childhood statelessness persists as a problem in Europe. One means of confronting the human rights violations resulting from childhood statelessness is through litigation. Through interviews with legal experts and an analysis of 44 childhood statelessness cases from national and international European venues, this paper explored how certain elements of litigation may affect case outcome. The data suggests that the specifics of litigant choice, the availability of guardians for children, and the legal context of the jurisdiction were impactful factors to consider. More specifically, to respect a child’s best interests, children’s claims should be addressed separately from all other litigants, including their parents. To further protect stateless children throughout the litigation process, they should receive a special guardian dedicated to procedural guidance and educating the court about their best interests, akin to those provided to children in most family courts. Finally, a state’s failure to incorporate the CRC and incorporate/ratify the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness serves as an unnecessary barrier to nationality for stateless children and forces advocates to rely on more binding law that does not directly address childhood statelessness. Through targeted efforts lobbying for domestication of these treaties, respecting the individual claims of each child, and fighting for guardians at the onset of litigation, stateless children’s chances of success may be heightened
Reframing the Windrush Scandal as an International Statelessness Crisis
Full text linkThe 2018 so-termed ‘Windrush Scandal’ highlighted the discriminatory actions of the British State against Commonwealth migrants who, having legally settled in the United Kingdom in the postwar period, found their right to remain wrongly challenged by the Home Office. The controversy led to threats of deportation and incarceration for some, while others found they were locked out of the country indefinitely. This article examines some of the ways in which racialised and minority groups can encounter ‘statelessness-like’ experiences in their everyday interactions with the state, as well as exploring some of the far-reaching and unexpected consequences of measures that have historically attempted to limit migration from the Caribbean and the broader Commonwealth to the United Kingdom. Drawing on extensive oral history interviews conducted as part of the project ‘The Windrush Scandal in a Transnational and Commonwealth Context’, this paper argues that the Scandal provides statelessness scholars with a much-needed window into the distinct ways Global North countries have sought to prevent migrants and their descendants, many of whom see themselves as citizens, from full enjoyment of their rights. Ultimately, the author proposes that the (re)positioning of the Windrush Scandal as a crisis worthy of international attention will firmly embed the inclusion of this controversy into the field of statelessness studies, while opening new opportunities for cultural, political and legal exploration of the broader ways in which people’s claims to citizenship recognition can be thwarted, overridden or ignored by the state