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Settler Colonial Dynamics Across the Coral Sea: Australia and the Contours of French Settlement in New Caledonia
Full text linkIn 1903, settlers in Nouméa celebrated the 50th anniversary of the French annexation of New Caledonia. They welcomed an Australian delegation – the first to represent the Commonwealth overseas since federation in 1901, and the introduction of the racially exclusionary White Australia policy. This article traces the circulation of ideas about settler self-government across the Coral Sea in the wake of federation, examining the ways in which the political, economic, and racial aspirations of settlers in the French colony were shaped by their observation of developments in Australia. We argue that attempts to adapt Australian models to New Caledonian realities ultimately affirmed affinities between settlers across the Coral Sea, strengthening transimperial forms of whiteness
The Creation of “Medieval” Woodblocks
Full text linkElizabeth Savage FSA and Edward Potten FSA reveal intriguing antiquarian dimensions of purported medieval woodblocks
Layering London’s History: Digital Mapping and Spatial Technologies in Historical Research
No full textThe opening decades of the twenty-first century have seen an explosion of spatial approaches to urban history, which have allowed historians to combine analyses to gain new cultural and experiential perspectives on historical cities. New tools and resources have introduced both ways to use historical maps as sources in new light, and new ways to create maps as part of historical research. London has often been at the heart of many of these developments. These approaches have unlocked new ways of understanding the historical city through historical map sources, as well as new ways of conceiving of other kinds of sources through a spatial lens
Advancement and innovation in ancient wine research
Full text linkThis article reviews how recent advances in archaeological and scientific methodologies have introduced a new era of research into ancient wine production and grape cultivation. Our understanding has progressed enormously since early studies in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Analytical tools can now detect and interpret the presence of wine at increasingly granular levels, while collaboration between archaeologists and scientists has explored links between ancient and modern viticulture. We discuss the development and application of ancient DNA, archaeobotany and palynology, organic residue analysis, aerial photography, and geophysical prospection in relation to the cutting-edge exploration of key debates around ancient wine: the evolution of grapevine domestication; identification of production facilities and wine drinking, storage, and transport vessels; characterization of wine properties; and the archaeology of vineyards. In doing so, we also explore future possibilities for the field, including current challenges and limitations in data and method
Agency in Transit: Exploring the Factors Shaping the Agency of People on the Move in the Greek Islands and Western Balkans
Full text linkA rise in securitization and border control at the European Union’s borders have led to fragmentation of migration journeys and extended times in spaces of transit. Therefore, experiences of being on the move mean a constant negotiation of new contexts and circumstances, which shape the agency of people-on-the-move (POM). This study explores how CSOs perceive the opportunities and constraints shaping the agency of POM in spaces of transit along the Balkan Route and Greek Islands. It views agency as a dynamic concept and explores supporting and limiting factors to the agency of POM. A particular focus is put on the role of interventions by civil society organisations (CSOs). Using a qualitative approach, the research is designed as a small-sample study based on data derived from interviews with representatives of six CSOs working actively with POM in the researched area. The study identified two distinct but also interdependent categories of agency. Individual-centred agency focuses on personal survival and aspirations, which is mostly supported through mobility and self-strengthening activities. Community-centred agency aims at collective empowerment and social change which requires a strong sense of community, and therefore community-strengthening activities play a crucial role. The main obstacles to the exercise of agency proved to be pushbacks, poor living conditions and uncertainty. The study concludes that, despite adverse conditions, POM continue to exercise agency. It offers critical insights for future project designs of CSOs and policy interventions to enhance the agency of POM and recognise them as active agents
The application of geophysical prospection to understand ancient Greek rural island landscapes: Magnetometry survey at Palaiopyrgos, Paros (Cyclades)
Full text linkGeophysical prospection in Greece has predominantly been applied at ancient urban sites on the mainland and Crete. It is rarely used on Cycladic islands and even less so in rural contexts, despite their centrality to the eastern Mediterranean region and the ability of geophysical techniques to efficiently cover extensive rural spaces and identify archaeological traces of agriculture and landscape exploitation. This study applies magnetometry for the first time on Paros, around the so-called Hellenistic Palaiopyrgos tower, with the aim of detecting the presence of buried ancillary structures and archaeological indications of agricultural activity. Several sub-surface features were identified and are compared to those at similar tower sites in the Cyclades and Greece. We highlight challenges to this approach and possible pathways forward specific to the investigation of rural landscapes. The data captured in this study will also play a central role in the protection of the Palaiopyrgos archaeological site, highlighting a methodological approach to be deployed in other areas that are experiencing rising pressure due to tourism and rapidly expanding development
Asymmetric projection of introspection reveals a behavioural and neural mechanism for interindividual social coordination
Full text linkWhen we collaborate with others to tackle novel problems, we anticipate how they will perform their part of the task to coordinate behavior effectively. We might estimate how well someone else will perform by extrapolating from estimates of how well we ourselves would perform. This account predicts that our metacognitive model should make accurate predictions when projected onto people as good as, or worse than, us but not on those whose abilities exceed our own.We demonstrate just such a pattern and that it leads to worse coordination when working with people more skilled than ourselves.Metacognitive projection is associated with a specific activity pattern in anterior lateral prefrontal cortex (alPFC47). Manipulation of alPFC47 activity altered metacognitive projection and impaired interpersonal social coordination. By contrast, monitoring of other individuals’ observable performance and outcomes is associated with a distinct pattern of activity in the posterior temporal parietal junction (TPJp)
The Settler Colonial Ideal in Nineteenth-Century France: From Revolutionary Shipwreck to Settler Colonial Shores
Full text linkThis article analyzes the published testimonies of French shipwreck survivors to trace the emergence of a settler colonial ideal in nineteenth-century France. Emerging from the encounters of French survivors with the men of the Anglo-World, this ideal encouraged compassionate, paternalist authority as a solution to the ongoing conflict of paternal despotism and disorderly fraternal freedom in France. The community of sentiment imagined in shipwreck testimonies was gendered and racialized, cultivating white compassion across colonial empires. These transimperial affective ties allowed the settler colonial ideal to persist in the early twentieth century, despite the abandonment of further projects for French settlement
“Advertising”
No full textThis entry proposes a broad consideration of advertising-as-genre. It examines three perspectives, which Law-and-Literature scholarship is particularly suited to address: law as a source for understanding the reception of advertising; law as cultural practices drawing the boundaries between advertising and adjacent fields; and law as a locus for conceptualizing – or refusing to conceptualize – the role of enchantment in advertising and hence in capitalist economies, a question that has been inescapable since the nineteenth century
Unravelling Gender-Based Persecution in Germany’s Asylum Process: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Legal and Judicial Practices
Full text linkThe research aims to identify flaws and biases in the asylum determination process for women whose claims were initially rejected, before appealing these decisions through administrative courts. The paper analyses the asylum process, including the initial decision and the appeal outcomes for women seeking international protection based on gender-based persecution in Germany. It evaluates whether the asylum determination process upholds asylum seekers' rights and ensures procedures aligned with contemporary standards on gender-based protection, specifically addressing women’s protection needs. The paper examines how the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees, along with regional administrative courts, handle claims of gender-based persecution. By comparing decisions from the Federal Office, followed by court rulings, it highlights potential systemic challenges and biases within the German asylum system. Additionally, the paper assesses improvements in procedures following Germany's ratification of the Istanbul Convention and evaluates the effectiveness of the asylum process in protecting women from gender-based violence in line with international protection standards