104 research outputs found
The productivity effects of decentralized reforms - an analysis of the Chinese industrial reforms
No full textThe empirical literature on the effects of ownership has not distinguished between the effects of ownership and the effects of control. It has also generally ignored the dynamic effects of various ownership and control rights. Using a rich set of panel data about changes in China's state-owned enterprises, the author examines the static and dynamic effects of decentralizing ownership and control rights. He finds that productivity and growth rates improved significantly when reform improved the incentives for managers and employees to learn and to work hard - for example by decentralizing the rights to control wages, make production decisions, and appoint new managers. Increasing profit-retention rates and adopting performance contracts - conventionally viewed as the most important reforms for China's state enterprises - did not improve productivity much. Overall, decentralization accounted for a least 42 percent of productivity growth in Chinese state enterprises in the 1980s. Much of that gain came from improvements in the growth rate of productivity rather than in improved levels of productivity.Labor Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Public Health Promotion,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Municipal Financial Management
"De rosto em rosto a ti mesmo procuras”: a influência de Fernando Pessoa na obra de Eugénio de Andrade
No full textThe poetry of Portuguese author Eugénio de Andrade (1923-2005) was permeable to the influence of several national and foreign authors, as clearly reveal numerous traces of endoliterary intertextuality with Shakespeare, Keats, Whitman, or Stevens. However, the magnetism of one author –Fernando Pessoa (1888-1935)– and his heteronyms disturbed Eugénio de Andrade. How could the young poet be original and have his voice heard in a polyphony dominated by Pessoa’s chant? In this article, I examine the anxiety of influence felt by Eugénio de Andrade, as well as the strategies he employed to resist the seduction of Pessoa’s multifaceted oeuvre. To accomplish my objective, I resort to examples and quotations from Eugénio de Andrade’s poetry, and also from the three books of chronicles, memories and interviews Os Afluentes do Silêncio (1968), Rosto Precário (1979), and À Sombra da Memória (1993); to the opinion of reputed specialists in the writings of Eugénio de Andrade and Fernando Pessoa; and to the studies of Harold Bloom on the anxiety of influence. I intend to study the influence of Pessoa in the work of one of the most celebrated and widely translated contemporary Portuguese poets, Eugénio de Andrade.A poesia do autor português Eugénio de Andrade foi permeável à influência de diversos escritores nacionais e estrangeiros, como claramente revelam numerosos traços de intertextualidade endolitária com Shakespeare, Keats, Whitman ou Stevens. Contudo, o magnetismo de um autor –Fernando Pessoa– e seus heterónimos inquietou profundamente Eugénio de Andrade. Como poderia o jovem poeta ser original e fazer ouvir a sua voz única, numa polifonia dominada pelo canto de Pessoa? Neste artigo, examino a ansiedade da influência sentida por Eugénio de Andrade, bem como as estratégias que utilizou para resistir à sedução da obra multifacetada de Pessoa. Para tanto, recorro a exemplos e citações extraídos da poesia, e também dos três livros de crónicas, memórias e entrevistas de Eugénio – Os Afluentes do Silêncio (1968), Rosto Precário (1979), e À Sombra da Memória (1993); à opinião de especialistas reputados no trabalho de Eugénio de Andrade e Fernando Pessoa; e aos estudos de Harold Bloom sobre a ansiedade da influência. Pretendo, pois, contribuir com um estudo que ajude a determinar a presença de Pessoa na obra de um dos poetas portugueses mais celebrados, Eugénio de Andrade
Trichillum elongatum Balthasar 1939
No full textTrichillum elongatum Balthasar Pedaridium argentinum Arrow, 1913: 459 (valid name) Pedaridium rugiceps Arrow, 1913: 458 synonymy by Ferreira & Galileo (1993: 24–25) (see comments in Génier & VazdeMello 2002) Trichillum elongatum Balthasar, 1939: 24 synonymy by Martínez (1987: 60), here confirmed. Trichillum elongatum Balthasar: LECTOTYPE here designated: ɗ, on a rectangular card, in NMP. Labels: [1.] ARGENTINA, Cordoba, Stempelmann / [2. red label] TYPUS / [3.] Tr. elongatum m. Dr. V. Balthasar det. / [4. red label] LECTOTYPE / [5.] Trichillum elongatum Balth. LECTOTYPE, VazdeMello det. 200 0 / [6.] Pedaridium argentinum Arrow, VazdeMello det. 200 0. The lectotype is designated in order to fix the name to a single specimen in case more than one species is represented in the type series (the author does not state the total number of specimens in the type series). PARALECTOTYPES: 2 ΨΨ, pinned, in NMP. Labels: [1.] ARGENTINA, Cordoba, Stempelmann / [2. red label] TYPUS / [3. green label, only with one specimen] elongatum m. / [4. yellow label] PARALECTOTYPE / [5.] Trichillum elongatum Balth. PARALECTOTYPE, VazdeMello det. 200 0 / [6.] Pedaridium argentinum Arrow, Va z d e Mello det. 200 0 Diagnosis and remarks: See Génier & VazdeMello (2002). New speciesPublished as part of Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z. & Génier, François, 2005, Lectotype designations, new synonymies, and new species in the genera Trichillum Harold and Pedaridium Harold (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), pp. 41-52 in Zootaxa 1038 on pages 46-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27324
Análisis de la prácticas contables y tributarias que adoptan los comerciantes de las microempresas del municipio de la Florida Nariño
No full textla dinámica económica contemporánea ha obligado a numerosos
empresarios a enfrentar desafíos significativos para mantenerse competitivos
frente al avance de las tecnologías de la información, las cuales han transformado
sustancialmente las modalidades laborales a nivel global. En este contexto, el
propósito central de esta investigación fue examinar las prácticas contables y
tributarias, con el objetivo de diseñar estrategias que fortalezcan a las
microempresas ubicadas en el municipio de La Florida, Nariño. Esto busca mitigar
los riesgos potenciales derivados de una gestión contable inadecuada,
considerando que dicho componente representa uno de los elementos más críticos
del entorno económico y constituye una herramienta esencial para recopilar,
procesar y difundir datos de manera integrada y oportuna, permitiendo reflejar con
precisión los procesos, la gestión y el control de la información contable
empresarial.
La metodología utilizada se enmarca dentro del enfoque cuantitativo y analítico,
dado que se orienta a examinar las prácticas contables y tributarias
implementadas por las microempresas del municipio de La Florida, en el
departamento de Nariño.
Para la obtención de información, se recurrió al análisis de datos y al análisis
documental, considerando fuentes como la información contable y los documentos
internos corporativos suministrados por las empresas, con el propósito de evaluar
e interpretar la totalidad de los datos disponibles de manera confiable, válida y
objetiva. De igual forma, se aplicó una encuesta estructurada dirigida a la
población conformada por las microempresas ubicadas en el municipio de La
Florida, en Nariño, es decir, las 20 microempresas que se encuentran registradas
legalmente.
Los resultados obtenidos posibilitaron identificar y establecer el tipo de prácticas
contables y tributarias que deben implementar las microempresas del municipio de
La Florida, y finalmente concluir con una propuesta estratégica orientada a que
dichas organizaciones mejoren y garanticen su desarrollo y sostenibilidad en el
largo plazo
Elaboration of a virtual learning object for the development of mathematical logical thinking through chess in students of the Pio XII Educational Institution in Neira (Caldas)
No full textgraficas, tablasEl autor propone la construcción de un objeto virtual de aprendizaje que permita la enseñanza y
aprendizaje de pensamiento lógico – matemático a través del juego del ajedrez con los estudiantes
de secundaria de la Institución Educativa Pio XII de Neira (Caldas). Así, se propone el análisis de
las falencias que tienen los estudiantes en relación con el desarrollo de los procesos de pensamiento
lógico, al tiempo que se les motiva por medio del aprendizaje del juego del ajedrez. Se elaboran
cuestionarios de pensamiento lógico matemático como parte del objeto virtual de aprendizaje, con
el fin de medir el desarrollo de esta habilidad antes, durante y después de la implementación,
utilizando como instrumento el juego del ajedrez. Si bien la propuesta no contempla una
intervención en profundidad, sí se realizaron algunas pruebas con estudiantes, lo cual le permitió
al autor encontrar mejoras en el desempeño de los estudiantes una vez se aplicaba el objeto virtual
de aprendizaje. Finalmente, se concluye acerca de la pertinencia que tiene el ajedrez y la
implementación de objetos virtuales de aprendizaje en el desarrollo del pensamiento lógico
matemático, pues logra generar una mayor motivación en los estudiantes por el área de
matemáticas. (Texto tomado de la fuente)The author proposes the construction of a virtual learning object (VLO) that allows the teaching
and learning of logical-mathematical thinking through the game of chess with high school students
of the Pio XII Educational Institution in Neira (Caldas). Thus, the study contributes to the analysis
of the shortcomings that students have in relation to the development of logical thought processes,
while children acquire motivation by learning the game of chess. The research develops
mathematical logical thinking questionnaires as part of the virtual learning object, to measure the
development of this ability before, during and after implementation, using the game of chess as an
instrument. Although the proposal does not contemplate an in-depth intervention, the author
conducted tests with students, which allowed him to find improvements in student performance
once the virtual learning object was applied. Finally, the author highlights the relevance of chess
and the implementation of virtual learning objects in the development of mathematical logical
thinking since it manages to generate greater motivation in students around mathematics.MaestríaMagíster en Enseñanza de las Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesMatemáticas Y Estadística.Sede Manizale
Gromphas inermis Harold 1869
No full text5. Gromphas inermis Harold, 1869 Fig. 15, 20, 23, 28, 32, 40, 43, 50, 55, 59, 65–66 Gromphas inermis Harold, 1869 b: 62, 1869a: 1016; Bates 1870: 175; Burmeister 1874: 130; Preudhomme-de-Borre 1886: 105; Judulien 1899: 375; Gahan & Arrow 1903: 246; Heyne & Taschenberg 1908: 64; Tremoleras 1910: 25; Bruch 1911: 189; Gillet 1911: 80; d’Olsoufieff 1924: 59; Blackwelder 1944: 208; Barattini & Saenz, 1960: 25, 1964: 179; Halffter & Matthews 1966: 131; Martínez 1989: 67; Tylianakis & Dimaki 2006: 291. Gromphas lacordairii Burmeister, 1874: 130 (cited as “ G. lacordairei Dejean ” or “ G. lacordairei Brullé ”); Lacordaire 1876: 10, plate 27 Fig. 4; Tremoleras 1910: 25; Bruch 1911: 189; Gillet 1911: 80; Fabre 1919: 244; d’Olsoufieff 1924: 20, 59, 139, plate II Fig. 2, plate IX; Manter 1928: 345; Pessoa & Lane 1941: 472; Blackwelder 1944: 208; Lange 1947: 313; Lima 1953: 62; Ruffinelli & Carbonell 1953: 25; Janssens 1954: plate II; Martínez 1959: 95; Barattini & Saenz 1960: 25, 1964: 179; Halffter & Matthews 1966: 131, 225; Halffter & Edmonds 1982: 84, 86; Martínez, 1989: 67; Flechmann et al. 1995: 267; Flechmann & Rodrigues 1995: 304; Louzada et al. 1996: 164; Monteresino et al. 1996: 109; Walsh & Gandolfo 1996: 582, 583 Fig. 1 E, 285–287; Walsh & Cordo 1997: 194; Martínez & Cruz 1999: 805; Koller et al. 1999: 405, 2007: 85; Vazde-Mello 2000: 193; Morelli et al. 2002: 54; Hamel-Leigue 2006: 6, 2009: 49, 2013: 281; Damborsky et al. 2008: 149; Sánchez & Genise 2008: 49; Vieira et al. 2008: 722; Almeida & Mise 2009: 238; Silva et al. 2009: 36; Audino et al. 2011: 125; González-Hernández & Navarrete-Heredia 2011: 479; Silva 2011: 552; Vaz-de-Mello et al. 2011: 59, Fig. 95; Figueroa et al. 2012: 2. Gromphas lacordairei bipunctata d’Olsoufieff, 1924: 59 (cited as “ var. bipunctata ”); Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 193. New synonymy Type specimens:— G. inermis Harold, 1869: Lectotype: here designated, male (handwritten “Buenos Aires”, Harold’s handwritten “ inermis Harold ”, printed on white paper bordered in black “Ex musaeo E. Harold”, LECTOTYPE ”, “ LECTOTYPE Gromphas inermis Har. Vaz-de-Mello, 2013 ”), MNHN, ex col. Oberthür (examined). Paralectotype: Not located at MNHN unknown to us.— G. lacordairei bipunctata d’Olsoufieff, 1924: Lectotype: here designated, male (bordered in black “ Brésil, Prov. Matto Grosso, P. Germain, 1886 ”, “ LECTOTYPE ”, “ LECTOTYPE Gromphas lacordairei var. bipunctata Ols. Vaz-de-Mello, 2013 ”), MNHN, ex col. Oberthür (examined). Paralectotype: Not located at MNHN; unknown to us. FIGURES 16–20. Lateral views. 16) Gromphas aeruginosa. 17) G. lemoinei. 18) G. amazonica. 19) G. dichroa. 20: G. inermis. 20 a) Major specimen (the white arrow indicates “pronotal hump” and blue arrow indicates elevation of sutural margin of elytra). 20 b) Medium-sized specimen. 20 c) Minor specimen. 20 d) Lateral view of row of tubercles on ventral carina of protibia (indicated by arrow). Scale = 5 mm. Type locality: G. inermis: Buenos Aires, Argentina (type locality of the lectotype, according Article 76.2 of the Code [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999]). G. lacordairei bipunctata: Mato Grosso, Brazil (type locality of the lectotype). Redescription: Color: Anterior region of clypeus black; remainder of dorsum with metallic reflections and color ranging from black (Fig. 15 c) to dark green (Fig. 15 b) or entirely copper with green reflections (Fig. 15 a). Metasternum with distinct color, usually bright dark blue, blue with green reflections, or shiny green. Pygidium green or blue. Head: Margin of clypeus with four lobes (Fig. 28); apical margin folded upwardly, especially two median lobes. Genae and frons completely granulate, including region adjacent to eyes (Fig. 28). Cephalic projection raised in a carina with emarginate apex in major specimens (Fig. 32), and only slightly projecting with rounded apex in minor specimens. Thorax: Pronotum globular, in larger specimens, with evident anterior swelling (“pronotal hump”, Fig. 20 a, white arrow); lateral region and center with dense granulation (Figs. 20 a–d); posterior region smooth (Figs. 15 a–c). Longitudinal midline of glossy and smooth tegument absent or, rarely, very tenuous; posterior fossae usually absent, represented in some specimens by two very shallow, faint impressions (Fig. 43). Posterior margin projected at middle (Fig. 15 a–c). Mesosternum with dense pilosity (Fig. 52). Metasternum with very dense punctation in center. Anteromedian angle of metasternum convex and with globose apex (Fig. 50); area in front of anteromedian angle with evident setae (Figs. 20, 50). Legs: Protibiae narrower in males than in females (Fig. 23); in ventral view, longitudinal carina with a row of tubercles on basal one-half in males (Figs. 20 d, 23 b) and simple in females (Fig. 23 a). Protibial spur with apex strongly expanded and curved downward (Figs. 21, 23, 45); inner apical angle of protibiae with a tuft of setae longer in males than in females (Fig. 23). Apical protarsomere short, without spiniform projection (Fig. 46). Mesotarsi and metatarsi not particularly enlarged and with apical tarsomeres only slightly curved apically (Fig. 48). Metatibiae very broad and robust (Fig. 41). Metatibial spur with apex straight (Fig. 40). Elytra: Striae very fine and simple, not carinulate. Sutural margin densely punctate and clearly raised in its apical half in major specimens (Fig. 20 a, blue arrow); in basal third or basal half, sheen and punctation of sutural margin extend onto first or second interstriae (easily seen in Fig. 15 b). Abdomen: Pygidium flat, not margined basally (Fig. 36). Groove of propygidium extending to base of pygidium. Abdominal sternites densely punctate. Aedeagus: Phallobase, in ventral view, with apical membranous area only slightly wider (Fig. 55 c). Medial sclerite only slightly curved (Fig. 59). Measurements: Males (43 specimens): TL: AV: 13.49; MX: 17.4: MN: 9.3; SD: 1.65. PL: AV: 11.78; MX: 14.6; MN: 8.4; SD: 1.41. PW: AV: 8.08; MX: 10.5; MN: 5.6; SD: 1.04. Females (44 specimens): TL: AV: 13.56; MX: 16.6; MN: 9.9; SD: 1.46. PL: AV: 11.79; MX: 13.8; MN: 8.8; SD: 1.21; PW: AV: 8.15; MX: 9.8; MN: 6; SD: 0.88. Total (87 specimens): TL: AV: 13.53; SD: 1.55. PL: AV: 11.77; SD: 1.3. PW: AV: 8.11; SD: 0.96. Intraspecific variation and taxonomic discussion: Much of the intraspecific variation of G. inermis is a function of size. Very small specimens have the cephalic projection almost entirely reduced, showing only a carina slightly arched upward; in major specimens, on the other hand, this projection rises beyond that, but never as in G. aeruginosa and G. lemoinei (Fig. 32). In minor specimens the “pronotal hump” is not evident (Fig. 20 c), while in the major specimens the anterior region of the pronotum is notably swollen (Fig. 20 a, white arrow). The elevation of the sutural margin of elytra is more obvious in larger specimens than in small ones (Fig. 20 a, blue arrow). Most specimens of G. inermis have no posterior pronotal fossae, as in G. amazonica. However, we examined 11 specimens of both sexes that have a pair of weak circular impressions in the posterior region of pronotum, but differ from the posterior fossae of G. aeruginosa, G. lemoinei, and G. dichroa in position and being much smaller (Fig. 43). These specimens have “partial length” between 8.4 and 11.3 mm and pronotal width between 5.6 and 7.8 mm, i.e., measurements below the average for G. inermis. Interestingly, other specimens in the same size range do not have any trace of these fossae. D’Olsoufieff (1924) was the first to observe the presence of fossae in this species, claiming to have seen them in two small specimens from Mato Grosso, Brazil. Despite not having found any other morphological distinction with the rest of the species, he proposed the “ var. bipunctata ” for these specimens based only on the presence of these fossae (“ Deux petits exemplaires de Matto-Grosso ont deux fossettes basales du pronotum petites mais bien marquées, ce que je n’ai pas observé chez les autres. Le matériel manquant d’un côté et n’ayant pas trouvé d’autres différences avec les lacordairei typiques, je ne les compte pas en espèce distincte (…). Je me borne, pour les exemplaires cités, à leur donner le nom var. bipunctata nov.”). Following the Article 45.6. 4 of the Code, as the name “ bipunctata ” was expressly described as a variety by d’Olsoufieff, it must be regarded as of subspecific category and thus available. Nevertheless, as we observed that these fossae are present throughout the distribution of G. inermis (Porto Murtinho, Selvíria, Seropédica, Curitiba, Timbó, Torres, Santiago del Estero, Córdoba and Bañado de Medina), are always restricted to small specimens, and by the absence of any other distinctive characters, we believe that it is only a matter of individual variability and therefore propose synonymy with the nominotypical subspecies. Similarly, two specimens of G. amazonica examined by us also have a pair of these fossae; however, one has above average size for that species, indicating that, at least in G. amazonica, they are not restricted to small specimens (but nonetheless simple individual variability). Sexual dimorphism in this species is easily observable, contrary to Barattini & Saénz (1964): “ la morphologie externe de cette espèce n’est pas affectée par le sexe, seuls les caractères sexuels primaires permettent de les différencier ”. Among other sexual characteristics of Gromphas, it is possible to determine the sex of G. inermis by examining the ventral carina of the protibia, which is simple in females (Fig. 23 a) and with a row of tubercles in males (Figs. 20 d, 23 b). Interestingly, Barattini & Saenz (1964) mentioned this characteristic, but did not recognize it as a male sexual feature. Only in very worn specimens these tubercles are difficult to see. Unique features of G. inermis are: (a) posterior margin of pronotum projected at middle (Figs. 15 a–c); (b) metatibial spur straight at apex (Fig. 40) (in all other species it is distinctly curved [Fig. 39]); (c) and sutural margin of elytra clearly raised in its apical half (Fig. 20 a, blue arrow). The pronotal hump is also limited to large specimens of G. inermis (Fig. 20 a, white arrow). As in G. aeruginosa and especially G. lemoinei, the pronotum of G. inermis has granulation evident at center (in G. amazonica and G. dichroa, granulation is absent). Gromphas inermis shares only with G. lemoinei a densely punctate sutural margin of elytra and metasternum (in G. amazonica the punctation is also dense, but never at the same density of these two species). See comparison with G. amazonica and G. dichroa in the discussion of these respective species. Comments: Although we have found only one specimen that was undoubtedly part of the type series of G. inermis, we know that Harold (1869 b) based his description in more than one specimen because he gave a size range (“ long. 12–15 mill. ”), mentioned sexual dimorphism and cited more than one collection locality (“ St. Catharina, Buenos Aires, Corrientes ” and “ G. inermis findet sich in Montivideo und Buenos Aires, dann im südlichen Brasilien von Porto Allegro bis Santa Catarina ”). Thus, we designate this specimen as the lectotype of G. inermis; the paralectotypes are unknown to us. D’Olsoufieff (1924) made clear that he based his description of G. lacordairei var. bipunctata in two specimens from Mato Grosso, Brazil. However, we were able to locate only one of these specimens at MNHN. Here, we designate this specimen as the lectotype of G. lacordairei bipunctata; the paralectotype is unknown to us. Judulien (1899) briefly described the larva of G. inermis. His observation that it bears five antennomeres contradicts Edmonds & Halffter (1978), who observed that all known larvae of Scarabaeinae have four antennomeres. Bionomics: Brullé (1837) was the first author to publish information on the natural history of Gromphas, probably referring to G. inermis. According to him, Lacordaire noted that this species burrows beneath horse dung. Subsequent authors (Judulien 1899, Fabre 1919, Halffter & Matthews 1966, Halffter & Edmonds 1982, Sánchez & Genise 2008) studied more thoroughly the nesting behavior of this species. Gromphas inermis has been also reported as a consumer of human, equine, bovine, and ovine dung in pastures (Lange 1947, Flechtmann & Rodrigues 1995, Flechtmann et al. 1995, Walsh & Cordo 1997, Morelli et al. 2002, Hamel-Leigue et al. 2006, Silva et al. 2009), and one specimen was collected by Louzada et al. (1996) using rotten cow spleen as bait. Flechtmann et al. (1995) and Monteresino et al. (1996) reported that G. inermis is diurnal. This species was also recognized as an intermediate host of the acanthocephalan worm Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (Pallas, 1781), a parasite of the domestic pig, Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 (Manter 1928, Lima 1953, Martínez 1959, Monteresino et al., 1996). Our data indicate that G. inermis is collected throughout the year. A curious pattern of edaphic preference was observed between G. inermis and Ontherus sulcator (Fabricius, 1775) in two studies. Flechtmann & Rodrigues (1995), studying the fauna of dung beetles of Jaraguá do Sul (Santa Catarina, Brazil), observed a clear differential distribution between these two species; while G. inermis was found only in flooded areas, O. sulcator was largely confined to sloping areas with no accumulation of water. Likewise, Sánchez & Genise (2008), working at Navarro (Buenos Aires, Argentina), noted that G. inermis was more abundant around a lake, while O. sulcator was predominant on higher ground. As pointed out by Flechtmann & Rodrigues (1995), it is likely that water saturation of the soil influences the spatial distribution of these species. Edaphic preference has been reported for other Phanaeini, in particular for North American species of Phanaeus (e.g., Fincher 1973, Blume & Aga 1978, Edmonds 1994, Rasmussen 1994). Geographic distribution: Amazon subregion: Pantanal. Chacoan subregion: Cerrado, Chaco, and Pampa. Parana subregion: Brazilian Atlantic Forest, Parana Forest, and Araucaria angustifolia Forest. BRAZIL: Bahia: Mucuri. Mato Grosso: Chapada dos Guimarães, Nobres, Poconé, Rosário Oeste, Santo Antônio de Leverger. Mato Grosso do Sul: Aquidauana, Campo Grande, Corumbá, Porto Murtinho, Selvíria. Minas Gerais: Pouso Alegre. Espírito Santo: Linhares, São Mateus (Ilha de Guriri). Rio de Janeiro: Armação de Búzios, Cabo Frio, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, São Gonçalo, Seropédica. São Paulo: Araçatuba, Cássia dos Coqueiros, Indiana, Piracicaba, Ribeirão Preto, São José do Rio Preto. Paraná: Castro, Curitiba, Foz do Iguaçu, Ivaí, Lapa, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Ponta Grossa. Santa Catarina: Blumenau, Canoinhas, Corupá, Jaraguá do Sul, Joinville, Mafra, Rio Negrinho, Rodeio, São Bento do Sul, Seara, Timbó. Rio Grande do Sul: Aceguá, Bagé, Mostardas, Pelotas, Porto Alegre, Santo Augusto, Torres, Tramandaí. BOLIVIA: Beni. Santa Cruz: Chiquitos. Tarija (Tarija). PARAGUAY: Amambay: Pedro Juan Caballero. San Pedro. Caaguazú: Caaguazú. Distrito Capital: Assunção. Paraguarí: Ybycuí. Guairá: Colonia Independencia, Villarrica. Caazapá: Caazapá. Itapúa: Coronel Bogado. ARGENTINA: Salta: Guachipas, Salta. Formosa: Guaycolec. Chaco. Santiago del Estero: Río Hondo (Termas do Río Hondo). Misiones. Corrientes: Ituzaingó, Santo Tomé. Santa Fé. Córdoba: Río Primero (La Para), San Justo (Miramar). Entre Ríos. Buenos Aires: Florencio Varela, La Plata, Navarro, Puán, San Isidro (Boulogne Sur Mer). Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. URUGUAY: Artigas. Rivera: Vichadero; Tacuarembó. Cerro Largo: Melo. Durazno. Flórida. Maldonado. Montevidéu. (Fig. 66). Material examined: 244 males and 211 females (590 with undetermined sex). ARGENTINA: 1939, Parko col.— 1 female (MNRJ). BUENOS AIRES: La Plata, without date and collector— 3 males and 1 female (MLPA); Puán, F. Sola, I. 1959, A. Martínez col.— 2 males and 4 females (MZSP). CIUDAD AUTÓNOMA DE BUENOS AIRES: I. 1993, without collector— 1 male (CEMT). CHACO: without date and collector— 1 male (MZSP). CÓRDOBA: 16.III. 1939, without collector— 1 male (MNRJ); 04.IV. 1939, without collector— 1 male (MNRJ); Río Primero, La Para, X. 1986, Z. Monteresino col.— 1 male (CEMT). CORRIENTES: Santo Tomé, XII. 1925, without collector— 1 male (MLPA). FORMOSA: Guaycolec, II. 1949, A. Martínez col.— 2 males (MZSP). SALTA: Guachipas, I. 1951, A. Martínez col.— 1 female (MZSP). SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO: without date, Wagner col.— 4 males and 2 females (MLPA); Rio Salado, without date, Wagner col— 1 male (MLPA). BOLIVIA: TARIJA: Tarija, between Yaguacua-Caiza, 21 º 50 ’ 52 ’’S 63 º 36 ’ 26 ’’W, 620m, 03.I. 2005, Mann, Hamel & Herzog cols.— 1 male and 1 female (CEMT). BRAZIL: BAHIA: Mucuri, I. 1999, G. L. D. Leite col.— 1 male (CEMT). ESPÍRITO SANTO: Linhares, X. 1995, T. M. Virgens col.— 1 female (CEMT). MATO GROSSO: Nobres, XI. 1985, without collector— 1 female (CEMT); Poconé, Fazenda Alvorada, 16 º 26 ’ 53 ”S 56 º 24 ’ 44 ”W, 21.XI. 2011, M. B. Pessoa col.— 1 male (CEMT); Rosário Oeste, without date and collector— 2 males and 2 females (MNRJ); Rosário Oeste, without date, Dirings col.— 1 male (MZSP); Santo Antonio do Leverger, Fazenda Vale Esperança, 20.X. 1990, Marinez Marques col.— 1 female (CEMT). MATO GROSSO DO SUL: Aquidauana, VII. 2011, C. M. A. Correa col.— 2 females (CEMT); Campo Grande, 1990-1992, I. Bianchin col.— 1 male (CEMT); Campo Grande, Jaraguá, XII. 1936, W. Zikán col.— 1 male and 1 female (MNRJ); Corumbá, BEP/UFMS, 19 º 33 ’ 53 ”S 57 º00’ 39 ”W, 06.X. 2011, M. B. Pessoa col.— 6 males and 2 females (CEMT); Corumbá, Passo da Lontra, BEP/UFMS, without date, V. Lopes col.— 1 male (CEMT); Porto Murtinho, XII. 1929, without collector— 1 male (MZSP); Porto Murtinho, I. 1930, without collector— 1 male and 1 female (MZSP); Riacho do Herval, Rio Paraná, XII. 1951, B. Pohl col.— 4 males (MZSP); Selvíria, Fazenda UNESP, 21.XI. 1992, C. A. H. Flechtmann col.— 1 female (CEMT); Três Marias, margem esquerda do rio Sucuriú, Fazenda Caimã, X. 1966, F. Lane col.— 1 female (MZSP). MINAS GERAIS: Pouso Alegre, 27.XII. 1958, M. Vogas col.— 1 male (MNRJ). PARANÁ: Curitiba, III. 1898, without collector— 1 female (MZSP); Curitiba, 25.XII. 1936, C. Westerman col.— 3 males (MZSP); Curitiba, XI. 1941, B. Pohl col.— 2 males (MZSP); Curitiba, II. 1944, B. Pohl col.— 1 male (MZSP); Ivaí, Rio Ivaí, II (without year), W. Kosak col.— 1 female (MNRJ); Marechal Cândido Rondon, Porto Artaza, without date and collector— 1 female (MZSP); Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, XI. 1992, A. F. A. Luna Dias col.— 1 female (FIOC). RIO DE JANEIRO: Armação de Búzios, Praia Rasa, XII. 1995, L. H. Gil Azevedo col.— 1 sem sexo (DZRJ); Cabo Frio, VII. 1980, Jane M. Costa col.— 1 male (FIOC); Duque de Caxias, IX. 1990, F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello col.— 1 female (CEMT); Duque de Caxias, São Bento, VIII. 1960, P. A. Teles col.— 1 female (MNRJ); Rio de Janeiro, Copacabana, XI. 1990, F. Z. Vazde-Mello col.— 1 female (CEMT); Rio de Janeiro, Copacabana, XII. 1992, R. L. Vaz-de-Mello col.— 1 female (FIOC) and 1 female (CEMT); Rio de Janeiro, Copacabana, XII, 1993, F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello col.— 1 male and 1 female (CEMT); Rio de Janeiro, Copacabana, XII. 1994, R. L. Vaz-de-Mello col.— 1 female (FIOC) and 2 males (CEMT); Rio de Janeiro, Jacarepaguá, IX. 1990, F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello col.— 1 female (FIOC); Rio de Janeiro, Marapendi, XI. 1987, Hugo col.— 1 female (CEMT); São Gonçalo, X. 1982, Pêssoa col.— 1 sem sexo (DZRJ); Seropédica, Estrada Rio-São Paulo, km 47, 30.VII. 1951, J. F. Zikán Neto col.— 1 male (MNRJ); Seropédica, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), 21.X. 1990, A. Saraiva col.— 1 male and 1 female (FIOC); Seropédica, UFRRJ, 17.XI. 1990, without collector— 2 males (FIOC). RIO GRANDE DO SUL: III. 1915, without collector— 1 female (MZSP); Mostardas, I. 1945, Pe. Buck col.— 1 male (MZSP); Aceguá, Fazenda Centinela, 31 º 27 ’ 30 ”S 54 º 21 ’ 18 ”W, 08- 14.XI. 2011, R. M. Moraes col.— 2 males and 5 females (CEMT); Bagé, Embrapa/ CPPSUL, 06.XII. 2006, L. D. Audino col.— 1 female (CEMT); Bagé, Embrapa/CPPSUL, 17.I. 2007, L. D. Audino col.— 1 male (CEMT); Bagé, Fazenda Santo Antônio, 07- 13.I. 2012, R. M. Moraes col.— 2 males and 2 females (CEMT); Pelotas, I. 1935, without collector— 1 male and 1 female (MNRJ); Pelotas, XII. 1934, without collector— 1 male and 1 female (MNRJ); Porto Alegre, without date and collector— 1 male (MNRJ); Porto Alegre, VI. 1927, without collector— 1 female (MZSP); Torres, 09.XII. 1964, Pe. P. Buck col.— 1 male (CEMT); Tramandaí, I. 1979, C. Coimbra Jr. col.— 1 male (MZSP). SANTA CATARINA: Blumenau, XI. 1924, without collector— 1 male (MZSP); Canoinhas, Pinhal, XI. 1951, A. Maller col.— 1 female (MNRJ); Canoinhas, Pinhal, XII. 1952, A. Maller col.— 2 females (MNRJ); Corupá, V (without year), Anton Maller col.— 1 male (MNRJ); Corupá, X (without year), Anton Maller col.— 1 male (MNRJ); Corupá, XII. 1953, A. Maller col.— 1 male (MNRJ); Joinville, VI. 1899, without collector— 1 female (MZSP); Mafra, without date and collector— 1 male (MNRJ); Rio Negrinho, XI. 1925, A. Maller col.— 1 male and 1 female (MNRJ); Rio Vermelho, without date, Dirings col.— 1 male and 1 female (MZSP); Rio Vermelho, IV. 1963, Dirings col.— 3 males and 1 female (MZSP); Rio Vermelho, III. 1964, Dirings col.— 1 female (MZSP); Rodeio, Rio Benedito, without date, Dirings col.— 6 males and 2 females (MZSP); Seara, Nova Teutônia, I. 1966, F. Plaumann col.— 1 male (MZSP); São Bento do Sul, I. 1948, Dirings col.— 1 male (MZSP); Timbó, II. 1952, Dirings col.— 42 with undetermined sex (MZSP); Timbó, V. 1956, Dirings col.— 22 males and 24 females (MZSP); Timbó, II. 1958, Dirings col.— 104 with undetermin
Elaboration of a virtual learning object for the development of mathematical logical thinking through chess in students of the Pio XII Educational Institution in Neira (Caldas)
No full textgraficas, tablasEl autor propone la construcción de un objeto virtual de aprendizaje que permita la enseñanza y
aprendizaje de pensamiento lógico – matemático a través del juego del ajedrez con los estudiantes
de secundaria de la Institución Educativa Pio XII de Neira (Caldas). Así, se propone el análisis de
las falencias que tienen los estudiantes en relación con el desarrollo de los procesos de pensamiento
lógico, al tiempo que se les motiva por medio del aprendizaje del juego del ajedrez. Se elaboran
cuestionarios de pensamiento lógico matemático como parte del objeto virtual de aprendizaje, con
el fin de medir el desarrollo de esta habilidad antes, durante y después de la implementación,
utilizando como instrumento el juego del ajedrez. Si bien la propuesta no contempla una
intervención en profundidad, sí se realizaron algunas pruebas con estudiantes, lo cual le permitió
al autor encontrar mejoras en el desempeño de los estudiantes una vez se aplicaba el objeto virtual
de aprendizaje. Finalmente, se concluye acerca de la pertinencia que tiene el ajedrez y la
implementación de objetos virtuales de aprendizaje en el desarrollo del pensamiento lógico
matemático, pues logra generar una mayor motivación en los estudiantes por el área de
matemáticas. (Texto tomado de la fuente)The author proposes the construction of a virtual learning object (VLO) that allows the teaching
and learning of logical-mathematical thinking through the game of chess with high school students
of the Pio XII Educational Institution in Neira (Caldas). Thus, the study contributes to the analysis
of the shortcomings that students have in relation to the development of logical thought processes,
while children acquire motivation by learning the game of chess. The research develops
mathematical logical thinking questionnaires as part of the virtual learning object, to measure the
development of this ability before, during and after implementation, using the game of chess as an
instrument. Although the proposal does not contemplate an in-depth intervention, the author
conducted tests with students, which allowed him to find improvements in student performance
once the virtual learning object was applied. Finally, the author highlights the relevance of chess
and the implementation of virtual learning objects in the development of mathematical logical
thinking since it manages to generate greater motivation in students around mathematics.MaestríaMagíster en Enseñanza de las Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesMatemáticas Y Estadística.Sede Manizale
Bibliographics for the 983 eprints in the live archives of E-LIS : trends and status report up to 7th July 2004, based on author-self-archiving metadata
No full textThe priority for ideas and philosophy related to "Network Theory" have been traced back and documented by Braun(2004),and credit goes to Karinthy(1929).The IT has empowered to realise it, as the most practical phenomena and it is no more a humour. The OAI (Open Archives Initiatives)and ACIS (Academic Contributor Information System)are progressive in the direction ,which may lead to realise the "Collective Genius" at global level. Focus of present study is on Author-Self-Archiving (A-S-A)Metadata of the 983 Eprints in the Live Archives of the E-LIS (EPrints of Library and Information Science),which were approved till 7th July 2004.The A-S-A Metadata was used for librametric analysis. Self-explanatory bibliographics are illustrated.The highlights include: Conference papers (34%); highest approval, June 2004 (28%); published archives (76%);not refereed (52%); not in public domain (60%); highest self-archiving-author (De Robbio, Antonella).The Nos. of EPrints having single JITA domain specifications were: Theoretical and general aspects of libraries and information(27); Information use and sociology of information(80);Users,literacy and reading(13);Libraries as physical collections(30);Publishing and legal issues(57);Management(13);Industry, profession and education(36);Information sources, supports, channels(113) ; Information treatment for information services, Information functions and techniques (101); Technical services libraries, archives and museums(25); Housing technologies(1); Information technology and library technology(92); and Inter-domainery (395) i.e. having specifications of two or more than two JITA classes
Literature and cultural pluralism : East Indians in the Caribbean
No full textThis study explores the position, of imaginative literature
in the ethnically plural societies of Trinidad and Guyana in
the Caribbean. It examines the extent to which the production of imaginative literature has been marked by the same ethnic divisions which have bedevilled the political, social and cultural life of these societies. For reasons explained in Chapter One, the study focuses mainly on the literature by writers from and about the Indian section of the population.
However, the study is concerned not only with the way that
the context of ethnic and cultural fragmentation has affected a good deal of the writing produced in these societies, but also with the smaller number of works, mainly of fiction, which contribute to a much-needed understanding of these societies by bringing the lives of both major groups into a common focus. I argue that it is not enough to describe the differences between the two types of writing merely in terms of the presence or absence of ethnocentric biases, and discuss both the conceptual frameworks within which works of fiction may be felt to give'truthfullknowledge and the conventions of representation which most effectively communicate that knowledge to the reader.
The thesis is divided into four sections. The first develops
the argument that in much of the fiction examined there
has been a connexion between ethnocentric biases, an empiricist epistemology and conventions of representation which are defined later as naturalistic. Parts Two and Three present a detailed examination of this proposition by analysing the works of Indian and non-Indian authors. The fourth part discusses those novels which go beyond the presentation of ethnically fragmented images by constructing fictive worlds which attempt to encompass the social whole. Such novels are shown to have a self-awareness of their epistemological and cultural assumptions,
and in some cases an awareness that the real but hidden
structures of society may only be incompletely or falsely
experienced by the novel's characters. I show that such concerns with attempting to portray the real social whole, frequently intersect with an intense involvement, on the part of the author, with the aesthetic structuring and verbal texture of the novel
Metodología para la selección e implementación de una planta de potencia estacionaria que opere a partir de la combustión de biometano
No full textEste trabajo presenta una metodología para la selección e implementación de una planta de potencia estacionaria destinada a la generación de energía eléctrica a partir de biometano, derivado de procesos de biodigestión. El estudio forma parte del proyecto de investigación corporativo titulado: “Construcción y análisis técnico-económico de un prototipo de biorreactor para la obtención de productos energéticos, biotecnológicos y generación de energía eléctrica a partir de residuos con sistemas de monitoreo de IoT”. El objetivo principal es establecer un proceso para la selección e implementación de turbomáquinas que utilicen biometano producido a partir biomasa en la región Caribe colombiana para la producir de energía. La investigación incluyó la recopilación y análisis documental de información técnica de turbomáquinas que operan con combustibles gaseosos y un análisis termodinámico para definir las condiciones operativas de los motores investigados mediante cálculos teóricos y GasTurb. Además, se propuso una metodología que permite seleccionar una turbomáquina según la cantidad de combustible producido en términos de flujo másico, en la que se tiene en cuenta las condiciones atmosféricas del lugar donde opera el motor.This investigation presents a methodology for the selection and implementation of a stationary power plant aimed at generating electric energy from biomethane, derived from biodigestion processes. The study is part of the corporate research project titled: "Construction and techno-economic analysis of a bioreactor prototype for obtaining energy products, biotechnological products, and generating electric energy from waste with IoT monitoring systems." The main objective is to establish a process for the selection and implementation of turbomachines that use biomethane produced from biomass in the Colombian Caribbean region for energy production. The research included the collection and documentary analysis of technical information on turbomachines operating with gaseous fuels and a thermodynamic analysis to define the operating conditions of the engines investigated through theoretical calculations and GasTurb. Additionally, a methodology was proposed that allows the selection of a turbomachine based on the amount of fuel produced in terms of mass flow, taking into account the atmospheric conditions of the location where the engine operates.PregradoIngeniero Aeronáutic
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