1,720,956 research outputs found
The Necessity of Restorative Justice on Juvenile Delinquency in Indonesia, Lessons Learned from the Raju and AAL Cases
No full textAbstractSince the Netherlands introduced and implemented modern law in Indonesia (1918), Indonesian people have turned to modern law as a tool for conflict resolution. Indonesian people generally tend to resolve conflicts with musyawarah mufakat (deliberation/consensus). It is Indonesia's typical conflict resolution mechanism. The court, for Indonesian people, is last resort that should be conducted only if musyawarah mufakat fails to mediate the conflict. The implementation of modern law (the court system) usually creates social problems. Juvenile delinquency law enforcement is one issue that so far has increased societal tension. Recent cases attracting widespread concern are the Raju and AAL cases. Muhammad ‘Raju’ Azwar was possibly less than eight-year-oldaaRaju's actual age, however, remains in controversy, as there is conflicting data regarding his age. boy when the court decided to detain him for assault as a result of a fight with a schoolmate. The societal opinion was that the detention was overzealous and extreme. Another case that inflames societal emotions i the ‘sandal case’ of AAL. AAL was a 15-year-old boy accused of stealing sandals belonging to a policeman. In the sense of modern law, a crime is a crime, laws should be enforced. However, most Indonesian people believe that the cases mentioned above are too insignificant to be tried in court, which can negatively impact the children's futures. Other methods exist to settle such petty crimes. In Indonesia, we call such methods musyawarah mufakat, referred to in other countries as restorative justice
HIPOKRISI PARLEMEN DALAM FORMULASI TINDAK PIDANA POLITIK UANG PADA PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH
Full text linkThis research reveals a hypothesis that there is vested interest on regulating law in the house of representative regarding Law No. 1/2015 article 73 in term of money politics which is conducted by regional head candidate and analyze legal efforts that can be done to cope such issue. Although the law has been revised for three times, lastly by Law No.6/2020, yet regulation record that the house of representative persists ‘to protect’ its interest on regional head election is traceable. This research shows an understanding to society and stakeholders especially in the field of general election regarding lawmaking which deviates from penal policy theory. This research focuses on how legislation design on formulating Article 73 of Law No.1/2015 so it becomes non-exectubale norm? Theory of Postmodern Criminology is utilized to divulge political agenda of Article 73 of Law No.1/2015. This research is a research regarding a norm which relies heavily on secondary data. The result of the research proves that there is a consistent effort from the parliament ‘to secure’ legislation process so article 73 cannot be implemented. Parliament intentionally and systematically has made article 73, particularly that related to money politic which may lead to disqualification, hard to be enforced
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Online Prostitution in Banten: Critical Studies on Criminology and Criminal Law: Prostitusi Online di Banten: Kajian Kritis Kriminologi dan Hukum Pidana
Full text linkThis research is based on the hypothesis that online prostitution exists and is easily found in the Banten region. Two main issues are discussed in this study: first, what factors lead someone to become an online commercial sex worker in Banten? Second, how can criminal law address online commercial sex workers? This study combines empirical and normative research. Primary data collection was conducted through various dating applications. Primary data was obtained directly from online commercial sex workers spread across Banten through interviews conducted at restaurants, cafes, rented houses, and hotel lobbies. The research findings reveal that economic factors, divorce, religious understanding, and weak law enforcement contribute to the widespread occurrence of online sex worker transactions in Banten. Criminal law does not classify sex workers as offenders due to the role bias between perpetrator and victim. However, under Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code and several other laws, sex workers can be subject to criminal legal norms, although some of these cases fall under the category of complaint-based offenses. The research concludes that online sex workers in Banten are very easy to find. The government has a role and responsibility in addressing the rise of online prostitution in Banten. All respondents who chose the path of online prostitution through dating applications are individuals who adapt through innovation—desiring success, money, and other benefits but using unlawful means. A specific legal norm is needed to regulate online sex workers without requiring interpretation.Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh hipotesis bahwa prostitusi online eksis dan mudah ditemukan di wilayah Banten. Oleh karenanya dua masalah utama yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah pertama apa faktor-faktor yang membuat seseorang menjadi pekerja seks komersil online di Banten? Kedua, bagaimana hukum pidana dapat menjangkau pekerja seks komersil online? Permasalahan pertama dibahas dalam kerangka empirik berdasarkan penelitian lapangan, sementara permasalahan kedua dibahas dengan kerangka normatif. Penelitan ini merupakan gabungan dari penelitian empiris dan normatif. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan melalui beragam aplikasi kencan. Data primer didapat langsung dari pekerja seks komersil online yang tersebar di wilayah Banten online melalui wawancara yang dilakukan di rumah makan, cafe, rumah kontrakan dan lobby hotel. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan faktor ekonomi, perceraian, pemahaman agama, dan lemahnya penegakan hukum menjadi faktor yang memicu maraknya transaksi PSK online di Banten. Hukum pidana tidak menjangkau PSK sebagai pelaku kejahatan karena bias peran antara pelaku dan korban, namun dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 Tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana, dan beberapa undang-undang lainnya dimungkinkan PSK untuk dapat dikenakan norma hukum pidana meski pun sebagiannya terkategorikan sebagai delik aduan. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan PSK online di Banten sangat mudah didapatkan. Pemerintah memiliki peran dan tanggungjawab atas maraknya PSK online di Banten. Kesemua responden yang memilih jalan prostitusi online via aplikasi kencan merupakan orang-orang yang beradaptasi dengan cara innovation, menginginkan kesuksesan, uang, dan hal lainnya tetapi dengan menggunakan cara yang tidak halal. Diperlukan norma yang khusus dapat menjangkau PSK online tanpa harus melakukan interpretasi
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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