30,732 research outputs found
Mummy prevents IL-1β-Induced inflammatory responses and cartilage matrix degradation via inhibition of NF-κB subunits gene expression in pellet culture system
No full textPurpose: In Persian traditional medicine, application of Mummy material has been advised since hundred years ago for treatment of different diseases as bone fracture, cutaneous wounds and joint inflammation. Regarding to the claim of indigenous people for application of this material in the treatment of joint inflammation, the present study was designed to evaluate whether Mummy can revoke the inflammatory responses in chondrocytes stimulated with interleukin 1-β (IL-1β). Methods: Isolated chondrocytes at the second passage were plated in 50 ml conical tubes at density of 1×106 for pellet culture or were plated in T75 culture flasks as monolayer. Cells in both groups were treated as control (receiving serum free culture medium), negative control (receiving IL-1β (10ng/ml for 24 hr)) and IL-1β pre-stimulated cells which treated with Mummy at concentrations of 500 and 1000μg/ml for 72hrs. After 72 hrs, to evaluate whether Mummy can revoke the inflammatory response in chondrocytes, cell in different groups were prepared for investigation of gene expression profile of collagen II, Cox-2, MMP-13, C-Rel and P65 using real-time RT-PCR. Results: Treatment of chondrocytes with IL-1β (10ng/ml) resulted in a significant increase in expression level of Cox-2, MMP-13, C-Rel and P65 in pellet culture system, while treatment of IL-1β-stimulated choncrocytes with Mummy at both concentrations of 500 and 1000μg/ml inhibited the expression level of above mentioned genes. Compared to the pellet culture, Mummy did not affect expression level of genes in monolayer condition. Conclusion: The obtained data from this investigation revealed that Mummy can be used as a potent factor for inhibiting the inflammatory responses induced by IL-1β in chondrocytes probably through inhibition of NF-κB subunits activation
Assessment of different {RANS} turbulence models in mini-channels for the cooling of {MW}-class gyrotron resonators
No full textThe adoption of high-speed water flow in mini-channels is a viable option for the cooling system of the resonant cavity in gyrotrons, which are a candidate technology for the external plasma heating in nuclear fusion reactors. The evaluation of the performance of such mini-channel cooling system is a combined fluid dynamics and heat transfer phenomenon which seeks more attention to a highly accurate compu-tational analysis. In this study, a computational-based comparative platform is proposed to evaluate the performance and fidelity of the applied turbulence models which are utilized to study the mini-channel cavity cooling systems in gyrotrons. A full-size mock-up of the gyrotron resonator equipped with mini-channels has been realized and tested in 2019 by THALES to check its total pressure drop applying a wide range of water flow rates, including that available for the gyrotron operation. In parallel, a numerical model of the mock-up has been developed using the commercial software STAR-CCM + , and simulations have been performed using different RANS turbulence closures, and namely: SST k -omega, realizable k-epsilon and Lag EB k-epsilon. The detailed comparison of the computed hydraulic characteristics (i.e., a range of pres-sure drop measurements at different flow rates) to the set of measured values has been addressed using a multivariate metric to assess the performance of different turbulence models in pure hydraulic sim-ulations. This comparative platform reveals a significant clarified difference in fidelity among the RANS models. Based on the performed comparative studies against the entire set of available experimental data, the Lag EB k-epsilon closure provides the best performance among the other turbulence models and can be applied for the future studies of the mini-channel cavity cooling systems of the gyrotron resonators. (C) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Discrete dipole approximation with surface interation (DDA-SI) kullanarak nano parçacıklarının dielectiric üzerindeki yüzey plazmon rezonansının modellenmesi
No full textAnalysis of surface plasmon resonance of arbitrary shape nano-particles on a substrate is important for many engineering applications. The strong optical absorption of noble metal nano-particles is due to the localized surface plasmon, which enables the development of novel applications such as surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy based biological sensing, optical transparency based sensors, and uni-directional nanoantennas. Size, shape, and distance between nano-particles on a surface are the key factors in the design of these structure. Usually, these systems utilize noble material such as gold which is deposited on a dielectric surface. Tuning the structures of the noble metals increases the local absorption e ciency of light within speci c frequency ranges, depending rely on the nal design of the system. Understanding the physics of plasmon phenomena and its relation with these parameters should be studied in depth. This thesis provides a theoretical study and a numerical validation of the coupled phenomena that occurs between gold nano-particles on a dielectric substrate where the nano-particles have di erent shapes and separation distances. Numerical study of nano-particles on a substrate is carried out using Discrete Dipole Approximation with Surface Interaction (DDA-SI) approach. The DDA-SI is based on the discretization of the nano-particles to dipoles for solving volume integral of Maxwell s equations and Green s dyadic tensor of electric eld within the dipoles to calculate the optical properties of arbitrarily shaped, non-homogeneous, anisotropic objects. There are some renowned open sources packages for DDAs. These packages are mostly used for calculating the interaction of particles in a free space with direct wave propagating. However, in order to calculate the light scattering from objects placed on a substrate, the substrate itself also is required to be approximated by the dipoles which increase the computational time remarkably. In this study, we used the Discrete Dipole Approximation with Surface Interaction (DDA-SI) which is an open source MATLAB based software package for calculation of optical properties of nano-particles (extinction, absorption and scattering) on a substrate. It can be used to investigate both the near- and far- eld e ects and accounts for the coupling between di erent particles on the surface. This study focuses on speci c geometries such as cube, spheroid and triangular geometries, each of varying sizes and separation distances from each other. Apart from studying the plasmon resonance of individual nano-particle on a dielectric substrate, a system with more nano-particles is scrutinized. It is found out that as the distance between particles decreases, the plasmon resonance frequency is pushed into the infrared region due to the inter-particle coupling, and the redshift becomes dominant. Furthermore, we found out that the coupling e ect becomes negligible if the ratio of their distance between nano-particles to the radius, c = d=a, is greater than three. During this study, the main DDA-SI toolbox is further developed, vecrorized and optimized numerically which named DDA-SI-3 in order to calculate the optical properties of noble metals. The imaginary component of refractive index for noble metals for larger wavelengths is large and make the calculation challenging. Therefore, we applied the new numerical method to calculate the linear system of DDA-SI in order to achieve more precise, faster and stable calculations. The structure of interaction matrix is studied and for this, speci c preconditioning matrices are extracted. It is also found out that the use of the least square method, with the proper preconditioning matrices for iteratively solving the linear system, yields results to achieve more accurate and relatively faster calculation.Alt malzeme 7F uzeri iste ge ba gl yerle stirilmi s nano par cac klar n y 7F uzey plazmonik rezonans analizleri co gu m 7F uhendislik uygulamalar i cin 7F onem arz etmektedir. Soy metal nano par cac klar n g 7F osterdikleri g 7F u cl 7F u so gurma olay y 7F uzeyde g 7F u clendirilmi s, Raman spektroskopisi esasl , biyolojik sens 7F orler, optik saydaml k, esasl sens 7F orler ve tek y 7F onl 7F u nano antenler gibi bir cok 7F ozg 7F un uygulamalar n geli stirilmesini sa glayan b 7F olgesel hale getirilmi s y 7F uzey plazmonu sonucunda ger cekle sir. Y 7F uzey 7Fuzerine yerle stirilmi s nano par cac klar n tasar m ndaki kilit unsurlar boyut, sekil ve par cac klar aras ndaki uzakl k parametreleridir. Bu sistemlerde genel olarak dielektrik y 7F uzeye b rak lm s alt n gibi soy metallerden yararlan l r. Soy metal yap lar n n ayarlanmas belirli frekans aral klar nda s g n b 7F olgesel so gurulma verimlili gini artt r r. Bu cal smada, her biri farkl boyut ve ayr kl k uzakl g ndaki k 7F ubik, k 7F uremsi ve 7F u cgen bi cimli gibi belirli geometriler 7F uzerine odaklan lm st r. Dielektrik y 7F uzey 7F uzerindeki tekli nano par cac g n plazmonik rezonans cal smas n n yan s ra birden fazla nano par cac kl sistemler de irdelenmi stir. Nano par cac klar n ayr kl k uzakl klar azald k ca par cac klar aras ndaki kuplaj ve k rm z ya kayman n domine etti gi ve b 7Foylece plazmon rezonans frekans doru gunun k z l 7F otesi b 7F olgeye itildi gi bulunmu stur. Buna ek olarak, e ger nano par cac klar aras ndaki uzakl g n yar caplar na oran , c = d=a, 3ten b 7Fuy 7F uk olursa kuplaj etkisinin ihmal edilebilir oldu gunu ke sfettik. Bu cal sma boyunca, soy metallerin optik 7F ozelliklerinin hesaplanmas i cin as l kullan lan DDA-SI paketi daha fazla geli stirilerek vekt 7F or haline getirilmi s ve numerik olarak optimize edilerek DDA-SI-3 ad n alm st r. Soy metallerin k r lma indisinin sanal k sm n n uzun dalga boylar nda b 7F uy 7F uk olmas hesaplamalar zorla st r r. Bu sebeple, DDA-SI daki lineer sistemlerin hesaplamalar nda daha hassas, h zl ve stabil sonu clara ula san yeni bir numerik metot uygulad k. Bu metot ile etkile sim matrisi 7F uzerine cal s ld ve 7F ozel 7F on d 7F uzenleme matrisleri ortaya c kar ld . Ayr ca, lineer sistemin tekrarl (iterasyon) c 7F oz 7F um 7F unde en k 7F u c 7F uk kareler metodunun uygun 7F on d 7F uzenleme matrisleri ile kullan lmas sonucunda daha kesin ve g 7F orece daha h zl hesaplamaya ula st g ke sfedildi
Mummy material can promote differentiation of adipose derived stem cells into osteoblast through enhancement of bone specific transcription factors expression
No full textPurpose: Application of Mummy material for treatment of different diseases such as bone fracture, cutaneous wounds and joint inflammation has been advised since hundred years ago in Persian traditional medicine. Due to the claims of indigenous people and advice of traditional medicine for application of this material in healing of bone fractures, this study has been designed to evaluate whether Mummy material can promote the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts and enhance the expression of bone specific genes and proteins. Methods: Adipose derived stem cells (ASCs) at fourth cell passage were divided into control, osteogenesis group (received osteogenic medium), Mummy group (received Mummy at concentration of 500 μg/ml). ASCs in the fourth group were treated with both osteogenic medium and Mummy (500μg/ml). Cells in all groups were harvested on days 7, 14 and 21 days for further evaluation through Real time RT-PCR, Von kossa staining, Immunocytochemistry and flowcytometery. Results: Treatment of ASCs with Mummy at concentration of 500μg/ml promotes the expression level of Osteocalcin, RUNX-2 and ß1-integrin genes in different time points but that of the Osterix did not changed. Furthermore the expression of Osteocalcin protein enhanced significantly in ASCs treated with Mummy detected by Immunocytochemistry and flowcytometery technique compared to the control groups. The results of this study also showed that treatment of ASCs with Mummy resulted in formation of mineral deposits which was evaluated by Von Kossa staining method. Conclusion: Obtained data from this study reveals that Mummy is a potent enhancer for differentiation of ASCs into osteoblasts in in vitro system, probably through increasing the level of bone specific genes and proteins
The shannon capacity on C(n,k)
No full textThis thesis focuses on a problem formulated by Claude Shannon named the Shannon capacity. This problem is about information rate per time unit over a noisy channel. The noisy channel is here represented by a graph. We specifically focus on a class of circulant graphs that are denoted by C(n,k) with vertex set z/nz, where all vertices are connected with the k-1 vertices before and after it. We will discuss upper bounds that were found for the Shannon capacity and how C(n,k) behaves with these upper bounds. After that we will focus on multiple ways to calculate lower bounds for the Shannon capacity of . For these three search methods will be used. These are exhaustive searching for optimal values, optimal ways to make packagings and solutions created by using a special form. As last the answers will be discussed by combining the upper and lower bounds for C(n,k). From this conclusions are drawn after which some possibilities will be given for further research. Applied Mathematic
Measurement of the ratio of branching fractions B(B0→K∗0γ )/B(B0s→φγ ) and the directCP asymmetry inB 0→K∗0γ
No full textThe ratio of branching fractions of the radiative B decays B0→K⁎0γ and B0s→ϕγ has been measured using an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1 of pp collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of s√=7TeV. The value obtained is
B(B0→K⁎0γ)B(B0s→ϕγ)=1.23±0.06(stat.)±0.04(syst.)±0.10(fs/fd),
where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is the experimental systematic uncertainty and the third is associated with the ratio of fragmentation fractions fs/fd. Using the world average value for B(B0→K⁎0γ), the branching fraction B(B0s→ϕγ) is measured to be (3.5±0.4)×10−5.
The direct CP asymmetry in B0→K⁎0γ decays has also been measured with the same data and found to be
ACP(B0→K⁎0γ)=(0.8±1.7(stat.)±0.9(syst.))%.
Both measurements are the most precise to date and are in agreement with the previous experimental results and theoretical expectations
VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION OF TURBULENCE MODELING OF FLOW THROUGH TRIPLY PERIODIC MINIMAL SURFACES POROUS STRUCTURES
No full textThis work is devoted to verification and validation (V&V) activities of modeling and simulation of flow through porous media, with a particular focus on Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMS) porous structures. TPMS is a class of porous materials that have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their unique properties, including high porosity, large surface area to volume ratio, and tunable pore structures. Within the context of energy sector decarbonization, several power generation technologies demand components with high heat removal capabilities, as is the case for solar or nuclear fusion machines. TPMS-based devices can be designed to equip heat sinks and heat exchangers introducing significant advantages with respect to traditional solutions. However, accurately predicting the complex flow behavior through TPMS porous media remains a challenge due to the intricate geometry and intricate flow patterns. Consequently, V&V activities play a crucial role in assessing the credibility of various models applied in modeling flow through these structures, establishing a foundation for reliable predictions. This work presents the results of V&V activities on the simulations of three-dimensional CFD using three turbulence models, namely Realizable k-ε two-layer, Lag-EB k-ε and SST (Menter) k-ω. Spatial resolution limitations in the application simulation were identified via solution verification. The experimental data obtained from our experimental setup were used for our validation assessment. All TPMS cases were fabricated using 3D printing technology. The discrepancy between simulation and experiments was evaluated and discussed
sj-pdf-1-fao-10.1177_24730114241239310 – Supplemental material for Evidence Guiding Commercial Payer Coverage Criteria for Total Ankle Arthroplasty
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-fao-10.1177_24730114241239310 for Evidence Guiding Commercial Payer Coverage Criteria for Total Ankle Arthroplasty by Jacob L. Kotlier, Amir Fathi, Meng-Yung Ong, Josh M. Yazditabar, Ethan E. Panoussi, Cory K. Mayfield, Frank A. Petrigliano, Joseph N. Liu, Alexander B. Peterson and Eric W. Tan in Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics</p
The Diophantine equation revisited
No full textLet k,l >= 2 be fixed integers, and C be an effectively computable constant depending only on k and l. In this paper, we prove that all solutions of the equation (x + 1)(k) + (x + 2)(k) + ... + (lx)(k) = y(n) in integers x, y,n with x, y >= 1, n >= 2, k not equal 3 and l 1 (mod 2) satisfy max{x, y, n} < C. The case when is even has already been completed by the second author (see [24])
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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