32 research outputs found
Prohibited Speech and the Sacred: Critically and Constructively Engaging Taqī al-Dīn al-Subkī’s (d.756/1355) al-Sayf al-maslūl ‘alā man sabba al-rasūl
No full textPh.D.Tensions over blasphemy, religious offense, and the freedom of expression first surfaced powerfully on a global scale in 1988 following the publication of The Satanic Verses by the British-Indian author, Salman Rushdie. Since that time, a series of high-profile incidents in Europe have ignited impassioned public debates about the limits of free expression and the place of religion in the modern world. At the same time, sensitivities around blasphemy continue to play a more systemic role in several Muslim-majority countries. Given the salience of these incidents and the recurrent international headlines, it is remarkable that most academic studies and media reports have focused almost exclusively on the modern context, leaving the traditional Sunnī legal discourse on blasphemy against the Prophet Muḥammad largely unexamined and poorly understood.This dissertation addresses this lacuna by examining an influential treatise devoted to explicating the legal discourse which formed around the question of blasphemy against the Prophet Muḥammad authored by the prominent Egyptian cleric, Taqī al-Dīn al-Subkī (d.756/1355). As a luminary of the Shāfi‘ī tradition and an important jurist at work in Cairo and Damascus during the Baḥrī Mamlūk period (c.1250-1390), al-Subkī made significant contributions in the fields of jurisprudence, theology, and spirituality. Along with the fourth and final part of al-Qāḍī ‘Iyāḍ’s (d.1149) Kitāb al-shifā’ bi-ta‘rīf ḥuqūq al-muṣṭafā (The cure in knowing the rights of the chosen one) and Ibn Taymiyya’s (d.1328) al-Ṣārim al-maslūl ‘alā shātim al-rasūl (The drawn sword against the one who vilifies the Messenger), al-Subkī’s al-Sayf al-maslūl ‘alā man sabba al-rasūl (The drawn sword against the one who curses the Messenger) presents one of the most detailed and important expositions of the way the criminal offense of blasphemy against the Prophet, often referred to in Arabic as sabb or shatm al-rasūl, was analyzed and regulated by medieval Sunnī jurists. By carefully examining al-Sayf al-maslūl, the present study introduces the essential contours of traditional Sunnī legal discourse on blasphemy against the Prophet Muḥammad. However, it does more than offer a merely descriptive or historical account of al-Sayf al-maslūl. The dissertation also critically engages and evaluates several of the central arguments advanced by al-Subkī and other medieval jurists to support severe penalties for those guilty of the offense. Most often, this critical engagement utilizes recognizable categories of Islamic law and legal interpretation in order to expose ambiguities in al-Subkī’s argumentation and constructively propose alternate interpretive and legal possibilities. By critically and constructively engaging al-Subkī’s important treatise, this study attempts to open new possibilities not only for the Islamic legal tradition, but also for the still emerging global conversation on blasphemy and free expression
Memlûklu Devlet Adamı Emir Çekem ve İsyanları
No full textÖz: Bahrî Memlûkleri döneminin ilk sultanı Berkûk’un memlûklerinden olan Emir Çekem, Ferecdöneminde Kahire ve Dımaşk emirleri arasındaki rekabetten istifade ederek nüfuz kazanmıştır.Devletin ikinci merkezi durumunda olan Bilâd-ı Şam’ın (Suriye) Timur tarafından işgal edilmesiylebölgede ciddi sorunlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Timurlu kuvvetlerinin bölgeden çekilmesinden sonra bölgeyeniden Memlûklu hâkimiyetine girdiyse de burada görev yapan Memlûklü devlet adamlarındanbazıları, Sultan Ferec’in tecrübesizliğinden de istifade ederek merkez Kahire’ye karşı isyanetmişlerdir. Bu devlet adamlarından biri olan Emir Çekem, üç kez isyan etmiştir. Halep niyâbetigörevini yürüttüğü sırada çıkardığı ilk isyanında Kahire’yi kuşattıysa da başarısız olarak çekilmekzorunda kalmıştır. İkinci isyanı Sultan Ferec tarafından bastırılmıştır. Çekem’in üçüncü isyanı,Memlûklu tarihinde görülen diğer isyanlardan farklı olarak bir istiklâl mücadelesine dönüşmüştür.Devlet tahtını elde etmek yerine Halep merkezli yeni bir siyasî teşekkül oluşturma düşüncesiyleharekete geçen Çekem, kısa süreliğine de olsa Gazze’den Elbistan’a kadar olan geniş sahadaistiklâlini ilân etmiştir. Melikü’l-Âdil Ebû’l-Fütûh Seyfeddin Çekem adıyla kendisini sultan ilânetmiş, kurduğu bu yeni teşekkülün sınırlarını genişletmek amacıyla Diyarbakır’ı ele geçirmeyeçalışmış ve burada Akkoyunlu Beyi Kara Yülük Osman ile giriştiği mücadelede hayatınıkaybetmiştir. Makalemizde, Emir Çekem’in hayatı ve isyanları hakkında ayrıntılı bilgi verilecektir.Öz: Amir Çekem, one of Berkûk's first sultans of the Bahrî Mamluks, gained influence by taking advantage of the rivalry between the orders of Cairo and Damascus during the reign of Faraj. With the occupation of Bil?d-i Ş?m (Syria), the second center of the state, by Timur, serious problems arose in the region. After the withdrawal of the Timurid forces from the region, the region came under the rule of Mamluks again, but some of the Mamluks statesmen rebelled against central Cairo, benefiting from the inexperience of Sultan Faraj. Amir Çekem, one of these statesmen, rebelled three times. Although Aleppo besieged Cairo in its first rebellion during its mission, it had to withdraw. The second rebellion was suppressed by Sultan Faraj. Çekem's third rebellion turned into a struggle for independence, unlike the other rebellions seen in Mamluks history. Acting with the idea of creating a new political organization based in Aleppo instead of obtaining the state throne, Çekem declared his independence in a wide area from Gaza to Elbistan for a short time. Declared himself a sultan by the name of al- Mal?k al- ?dil Ab?’l-Füt?h Sayf al-din Çekem, tried to seize Diyarbakır in order to expand the boundaries of this new organization he founded and lost his life here in the struggle with Kara Yülük Osman, the ruler of Aqqoyunlu. In this article, detailed information about Amir Çekem's life and rebellions will be given
Levantine attitudes towards the Franks during the early Crusades (490/1096 - 564/1169)
No full textThe period of the Crusades was one of the most important periods in the
history of both Western Europe and the Middle East, for it was during this period
that the peoples of Western Europe made their first major incursion on eastern soil.
The result of this was that an unprecedented amount of contact was established
between East and West, forcing each side to become more closely acquainted with
the culture of the other. As far as this cultural exchange is concerned, one of the
most significant parts of the crusading period was that encompassing the first two
crusades and their aftermath (490/1096-564/1169), as it was during this period that
crusaders and easterners first clashed with each other, and were forced to learn
much about each other. This sudden clash and forced acquaintance resulted in the
development of certain attitudes on each side towards the other. This thesis concerns
itself with the development of the attitudes of the Muslim, Christian and Jewish
communities towards the Franks (western crusaders) in the major theatre of conflict
of the area, the Levant.
In the thesis as many texts as possible from the literature of the period are
examined, in order to extract information from them concerning the developments
in Levantine knowledge of and attitudes towards the Franks. The texts examined
include both contemporary and later historical, geographical and judicial texts from
the area, and also local works of literature. In addition to the Muslim, Christian and
Jewish texts, and for the sake of comparison and completeness, brief consideration
is also given to a number of works of Byzantine and Frankish writers. Naturally, use
is also made of secondary works by modern scholars. In this way this thesis provides
a detailed examination of cross-cultural inter-faith relations during this formative
period
La présence de l’Autre dans la littérature juive irakienne
No full textCette thèse se propose comme un traité comparatif de la présence de l'Autre chez trois éminents auteurs :Naïm Kattan, Samir Naqqash et Tsionit Fattal. Ces trois écrivains, tous d'origine juive irakienne, forment le point d'ancrage de cette étude. Naïm Kattan et Samir Naqqash, exilés en 1951, ont mené des vies distinctes :Kattan s'est installé à Paris puis au Québec, tandis que Naqqash a alterné entre Israël et Londres.Kattan a composé plusieurs œuvres, parmi lesquelles une trilogie, dont cette thèse aborde la première partie, intitulée Adieu, Babylone. Les fruits arrachés et La fiancée promise complètent cette trilogie. Quant à Naqqash, il a également écrit des romans, mais la thèse se concentre sur deux d'entre eux, à savoir Les locataires et la toile d'araignée, qui incarne et reflète les épreuves endurées par les juifs en Irak, ainsi que Shlomo le Kurde, qui évoque l'image des juifs kurdes. Fattal, née en Israël, n'a pas personnellement vécu l'exode, mais ses parents ont été exilés, tout comme Kattan et Naqqash. Dans son roman Les photos sur le mur, elle relate l'expérience de ses ancêtres ou de ses parents, abordant ainsi la nostalgie de l'Autre. Chaque auteur aborde cette nostalgie d'une manière singulière, bien que tous puissent ressentir un sentiment similaire envers leur patrie lointaine.Selon Kattan, la nostalgie revêt un double visage. D'une part, elle évoque la mémoire d'un passé enchanté, même s'il est en partie imaginaire, soulageant ainsi un présent rétréci tout en rappelant inexorablement l'écoulement du temps. D'autre part, un passé empreint de douleur peut également jouer un rôle similaire. La souffrance n'est pas effacée de la mémoire, mais elle cesse de causer de la peine. Au contraire, elle contribue à évoquer un présent empreint d'agrément. Ainsi, on quitte le temps du malheur, et se remémorer ce passé douloureux devient une expression de gratitude pour les moments heureux qui ont suivi. Même si le bonheur n'est pas omniprésent, on ressent un soulagement à avoir surmonté la crise .La langue joue un rôle fondamental dans l'expression des sentiments et leur transcription écrite. Il convient de souligner que les quatre œuvres qui composent cette thèse ont été rédigées dans trois langues différentes, à savoir l'arabe, le français et l'hébreu.Cette thèse s'efforce de trouver la définition la plus juste de la conception de l'Autre ou de l'Autrui, en survolant l'histoire des auteurs et de leurs communautés respectives. Pour appréhender la différence de perception de l'exil entre ces âmes, il est essentiel d'étudier individuellement chacun de ces auteurs, afin de comprendre leur vécu. L'analyse comparative sera établie à partir des présentations préparées.This thesis proposes a comparative treatise on the presence of the Other in the works of three eminent authors: Naïm Kattan, Samir Naqqash, and Tsionit Fattal. These three writers, all of Iraqi Jewish origin, form the anchor point of this study. Naïm Kattan and Samir Naqqash, exiled in 1951, led distinct lives: Kattan settled in Paris and then in Quebec, while Naqqash alternated between Israel and London.Kattan composed several works, including a trilogy, the first part of which, titled "Adieu, Babylone," is discussed in this thesis. "Les fruits arrachés" and "La fiancée promise" complete this trilogy. As for Naqqash, he also wrote novels, but the thesis focuses on two of them, namely "Les locataires et la toile d'araignée," which embodies and reflects the trials endured by Jews in Iraq, and "Shlomo le Kurde," which evokes the image of Kurdish Jews. Fattal, born in Israel, did not personally experience the exodus, but her parents were exiled, just like Kattan and Naqqash. In her novel "Les photos sur le mur," she recounts the experiences of her ancestors or her parents, thus addressing the nostalgia for the Other. Each author approaches this nostalgia in a unique way, although they all may feel a similar sentiment towards their distant homeland.According to Kattan, nostalgia has a double face. On one hand, it evokes the memory of an enchanted past, even if it is partly imaginary, alleviating a diminished present while inexorably reminding of the passage of time. On the other hand, a past marked by pain can also play a similar role. The suffering is not erased from memory, but it ceases to cause pain. On the contrary, it helps evoke a present filled with contentment. Thus, one leaves the time of misery, and recalling this painful past becomes an expression of gratitude for the happy moments that followed. Even if happiness is not omnipresent, there is relief in having overcome the crisis.Language plays a fundamental role in the expression of feelings and their written transcription. It is worth noting that the four works composing this thesis were written in three different languages, namely Arabic, French, and Hebrew. This thesis strives to find the most accurate definition of the concept of the Other, by surveying the history of the authors and their respective communities.To grasp the difference in perception of exile among these souls, it is essential to study each of these authors individually to understand their experiences. The comparative analysis will be based on the prepared presentations.Doctorat en Langues, lettres et traductologieinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe
Functional outcome of non-surgical and surgical management for de novo degenerative lumbar scoliosis: a mean follow-up of 10 years
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Custom-made acetabular revision arthroplasty for pelvic discontinuity: Can we handle the challenge?: a prospective cohort study
No full textAims: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and radiological results of patients who were revised using a custom-made triflange acetabular component (CTAC) for component loosening and pelvic discontinuity (PD) after previous total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods: Data were extracted from a single centre prospective database of patients with PD who were treated with a CTAC. Patients were included if they had a follow-up of two years. The Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), modified Oxford Hip Score (mOHS), EurQol EuroQoL five-dimension three-level (EQ-5D-3L) utility, and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), including visual analogue score (VAS) for pain, were gathered at baseline, and at one- and two-year follow-up. Reasons for revision, and radiological and clinical complications were registered. Trends over time are described and tested for significance and clinical relevance. Results: A total of 18 females with 22 CTACs who had a mean age of 73.5 years (SD 7.7) were included. A significant improvement was found in HOOS (p < 0.0001), mOHS (p < 0.0001), EQ-5D-3L utility (p = 0.003), EQ-5D-3L NRS (p = 0.013), VAS pain rest (p = 0.008), and VAS pain activity (p < 0.0001) between baseline and final follow-up. Minimal clinically important improvement in mOHS and the HOOS Physical Function Short Form (HOOS-PS) was observed in 16 patients (73%) and 14 patients (64%), respectively. Definite healing of the PD was observed in 19 hips (86%). Complications included six cases with broken screws (27%), four cases (18%) with bony fractures, and one case (4.5%) with sciatic nerve paresthesia. One patient with concurrent bilateral PD had revision surgery due to recurrent dislocations. No revision surgery was performed for screw failure or implant breakage. Conclusion: CTAC in patients with THA acetabular loosening and PD can result in stable constructs and significant improvement in functioning and health-related quality of life at two years' follow-up. Further follow-up is necessary to determine the mid- to long-term outcome. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(2):53–61
The biomechanical effect of single-level laminectomy and posterior instrumentation on spinal stability in degenerative lumbar scoliosis: a human cadaveric study
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Prognostic factors in the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration:Which patient should be targeted with regenerative therapies?
No full textObjective: Possible regenerative treatments for lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration (DD) are rapidly emerging. There is consensus that the patient that would benefit most has early-stage DD, with a predicted deterioration in the near future. To identify this patient, the aim of this study was to identify prognostic factors for progression of DD.Study design: Systematic review.Methods: A systematic search was performed on studies evaluating one or more prognostic factor(s) in the progression of DD. The criteria for inclusion were (a) patients diagnosed with DD on MRI, (b) progression of DD at follow-up, and (c) reporting of one or more prognostic factor(s) in progression of DD. Two authors independently assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. Due to heterogeneity in DD determinants and outcomes, only a best-evidence synthesis could be conducted.Results: The search generated 3165 references, of which 16 studies met our inclusion criteria, involving 2.423 patients. Within these, a total of 23 clinical and environmental and 12 imaging factors were identified. There was strong evidence that disc herniation at baseline is associated with progression of DD at follow-up. There is limited evidence that IL6 rs1800795 genotype G/C male was associated with no progression of DD. Some clinical or environmental factors such as BMI, occupation and smoking were not associated with progression.Conclusions: Disc herniation is strongly associated with the progression of DD. Surprisingly, there was strong evidence that smoking, occupation, and several other factors were not associated with the progression of DD. Only one genetic variant may have a protective effect on progression, otherwise there was conflicting or only limited evidence for most prognostic factors. Future research into these prognostic factors with conflicting and limited evidence is not only needed to determine which patients should be targeted by regenerative therapies, but will also contribute to spinal phenotyping.</p
Arab-West Report Papers 2007 - 2016
No full textThe dataset contains papers written between 2007 and 2016 by researchers and interns at the Center for Arab-West Understanding ( CAWU) in Cairo or by researchers and academics connected to CAWU. The papers aim at obtaining a better understanding of the role of religion in society, including:- Relations between Muslims and Christians in Egypt;- Problems around church building, the highly controversial topic of (alleged) kidnappings of Christian youth, claims of forced conversions, reports on sectarian incidents in Egypt and media critique to uncover biased reporting within Egypt as well as the stereotypical tone in Western media;- The role of Christian and Muslim institutions in society and the political sphere;- Activities of human rights organizations;- Islam and politics.All papers are:- Descriptive and take different points of views serious as part of the description of events unfolding in society;- Contributing to a better understanding of people between different cultures and beliefs.Methodology:Papers always include Egyptian source material. Authors were recommended to make use of the AWR database, conduct interviews in Egypt and where encouraged to contrast results with western news coverage.Papers discuss one subject at length and were reviewed by Egyptian and/or Western academics, within the bounds of organizational possibility and edited by Cornelis Hulsman or others to guarantee academic standards. This has resulted in a number of unique studies about subjects that are rarely covered in depth elsewhere. These papers are completed texts but besides, additional texts from reviewers often include interesting suggestions for further research.With thanks to:Prentice (Author), P. (Center for Arab West Understanding (CAWU))Disouqi (Reviewer), Dr. R. (Azhar University)Wagieh (Author, Reviewer), Dr. H. (Azhar University)Fowler (Reviewer), Prof. Dr. M. (American University in Cairo (AUC))Hulsman (Author, Editor, Reviewer), Drs. C. (CAWU)Atmaca (Author), N. (CAWU)Anwar (Author), S. (CAWU)Bodman (Reviewer), Dr. (Assoc. Prof.) W. (Austin Seminary, Texas, USA)Richards-Benson (Language editor CIDT), C. (CAWU)Fastenrath (Author), C. (CAWU)Kazanjian (Author), C. (CAWU)Makram Ebeid (Reviewer), Dr. A. (CAWU)Snyder (Author), M. (CAWU)Aguzzoni (Author), S. (CAWU)Turner (Reviewer, Academic language editor CIDT), C.Holm (Author), M. (CAWU)Bredstrup (Author), M. (CAWU)Dokhan (Author), B. (CAWU)Marqus (Author), S. (CAWU)al-Ghanām (Author), A. (CAWU)Chetty (Author), J. (CAWU)Sayf ʿAllām (Author), R. (CAWU)Neubert (Author), S. (CAWU)Nielsen (Author), J.R. (CAWU)Wamboldt (Author), A. (CAWU)Connery (Author), B. (CAWU)Drouin (Author), R. (CAWU)Schep (Author), C. (CAWU)Roters (Author), D. (CAWU)van Baalen (Reviewer), J. (CIDT)Casper (Author, Reviewer), J. (CAWU)Curtis (Author), R. (CAWU)al-Ashāl (Author), M. (CAWU)Labīb (Author), A. (CAWU)Gabra (Reviewer, Supervisor), Eng. S. (CAWU)Fawzy (Reviewer), S.Magdy (Author), M. (CAWU)Justesen (Author), E. (CAWU)Adeh (Author), D. (CAWU)Fuʿād (Author), S. (CAWU)Edwards (Author), E. (CAWU)Marshall (Author), C. D. (CAWU)Yaḥyā (Author), L. (CAWU)Ferrecchia (Author, Language editor), J. (CAWU /CIDT)Gallo (Language-editor), W. (CIDT)Lundberg, S. (Lund University)Mc Donell (Author), A. (CAWU)Khayyal (Reviewer, Editor), Prof. em. M.al-Zanātī (Author), F. (Cairo University)al-Ghazālī (Author), M. (CAWU)Salāmah (Author), U.Weißenfels (Author), A. (CAWU)Serôdio (Author), D. (CAWU)Messiha (Reviewer), Dr. G. (form. Constituent Assembly Parliament (Egypt))Talaat (Reviewer), Dr. A. (Supreme Court (Egypt))Schleiffer (Reviewer), Prof. em. A. (american University of Cairo (AUC))Paulus (Reviewer), Dr. C. (Al-Azhar University, Cairo)Slomp (Reviewer), Rev. Dr J. (International Advisory Board of the Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs (JMMA))Scattolin (Reviewer), Fr. Dr. G. (Dar Comboni, Cairo)Forster (Author), R.A.Fathina (Author), H. (CAWU)Schoorel (Author), E. (CAWU)Stacey (Language editor), E. (CIDT)Byeongsun, A. (CAWU)Weinert (Author), F. (CAWU)Gillé (Reviewer, Editor), M.Jongeneel, Prof. em. J. (Utrecht University)Fargues, Prof. Dr. P. (American University Cairo (AUC))Middelstaed-Rizkallah (Author), J. (CIDT)Coffee (Author, Editor, Reviewer), J. (CAWU / CIDT)Atallah (Reviewer), R. (Egyptian Bible Society)Jørgensen (Reviewer), Prof. Dr. K. (Aarhus University)Suermann (Reviewer), Prof. Dr. H. (University of Bonn)Gajan (Author,Reviewer), M. (CAWU)Volkmann (Author, Reviewer), E. (CAWU)Mūsah Jamaʿa (Author), A. (CAWU)Amelia (Author), D. (CAWU)Gajan (Author), S. (CAWU)</p
Measuring outcomes in adult spinal deformity surgery: a systematic review to identify current strengths, weaknesses and gaps in patient-reported outcome measures
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