Czasopisma Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczy w Lublinie
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Zastosowanie nawigacji satelitarnej w pozycjonowaniu pojazdów rolniczych
No full textCurrently, the agricultural system offering the most technologically advanced solutions is precision agriculture. One of the most commonly used solutions are positioning systems of tractors, combine harvesters, and other machinery known as guidance and steering systems, also called parallel tracking systems. They enable precise vehicle guidance, even in difficult conditions such as night-time, fog or dust, and also when tramlines were not established before. The use of the guidance and steering systems reduces overlaps, which decreases the usage of fuel and other agricultural inputs, thus greenhouse gas emissions are decreased. The aim of this study was to compare the agricultural vehicle positioning systems currently available on the Polish market, taking into account their applications, available features, accuracy, and ease of operation.Obecnie systemem rolnictwa, w którym wykorzystuje się technologicznie najbardziej zaawansowanerozwiązania, jest rolnictwo precyzyjne. Jednym z najpopularniejszych rozwiązań są systemy pozycjonowania ciągników, kombajnów i maszyn (ang. guidance systems), nazywane systemami prowadzenia równoległego. Rozwiązania te umożliwiają precyzyjne prowadzenie pojazdów, nawet w trudnych warunkach, takich jak noc, mgła czy kurz, a także gdy nie wytyczono ścieżek technologicznych. Korzystanie z takiego systemu redukuje nakładanie się przejazdów, co zmniejsza zużycie paliwa oraz pozostałych środków produkcji, a w konsekwencji emisję gazów cieplarnianych. Celem opracowania było porównanie aktualnie dostępnych na polskim rynku systemów pozycjonowania pojazdów rolniczych, uwzględniając ich zastosowania, dostępne funkcje, dokładność i łatwość obsługi
The studies on the parasitism of branched broomrape (Phelipanche ramosa L.) on some root vegetables from the Apiacea family
No full textThe studies were conducted in 2020–2022 in Skierniewice, in the greenhouse and in the open. The observations were carried out on carrot (Daucus carota L.), parsley (Petroselinum sativum (Mill) Fuss.), and celeriac (Apium graveolens L. var. rapaceum (Mill)). The seeds of tested vegetable crops were sown in a greenhouse, and before sowing, Phelipanche ramosa seeds were mixed with the top layer of the substrate for half of the pots. The number and height of P. ramosa inflorescence shoots, the number of capsules with seeds in one pot, and the height of vegetable plant’s inflorescence shoots were determined in experiments. It was found that tested vegetable cropsfrom Apiaceae family can be the host plants for P. ramosa. Celeriac appeared to be a better host than carrot and parsley. Inflorescence shoots of carrot and celeriac parasitised with P. ramosa were lower than shoots growingwithout the parasite, but shoots of parsley were higher. The study aimed to determine the possibility of P. ramosa parasitizing vegetable crops from Apiaceae family, under Polish conditions, and its influence on the plant’s morphological features.The studies were conducted in 2020–2022 in Skierniewice, in the greenhouse and in the open. The observations were carried out on carrot (Daucus carota L.), parsley (Petroselinum sativum (Mill) Fuss.), and celeriac (Apium graveolens L. var. rapaceum (Mill)). The seeds of tested vegetable crops were sown in a greenhouse, and before sowing, Phelipanche ramosa seeds were mixed with the top layer of the substrate for half of the pots. The number and height of P. ramosa inflorescence shoots, the number of capsules with seeds in one pot, and the height of vegetable plant’s inflorescence shoots were determined in experiments. It was found that tested vegetable cropsfrom Apiaceae family can be the host plants for P. ramosa. Celeriac appeared to be a better host than carrot and parsley. Inflorescence shoots of carrot and celeriac parasitised with P. ramosa were lower than shoots growingwithout the parasite, but shoots of parsley were higher. The study aimed to determine the possibility of P. ramosa parasitizing vegetable crops from Apiaceae family, under Polish conditions, and its influence on the plant’s morphological features
In vitro assessment of drought tolerance in summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) cultivars
Full text linkIn this study, the growth performance of three different summer squash cultivars was evaluated under in vitro conditions using Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient media supplemented with varying concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG) at 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%. In the study, parameters including germination rate (%), stem fresh and dry weight (g), root fresh and dry weight (g), shoot and root length (mm) were investigated. In addition, antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content in plant shoots were determined using the DPPH method. According to the findings, the highest stem fresh weight was recorded as 0.72 g in cultivar Pelin grown in control medium (without PEG). In terms of root fresh weight, the highest mean value among the media was also observed in control with 0.43 g. The longest shoot length as 48.91 mm was also determined in Pelin. Increasing concentrations of PEG were found to have a negative impact on all growth parameters
Mitigation of salinity stress on pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) seedlings through the application of carbon nitride modified with iron (Fe/C3N4) nanostructures
Full text linkSalinity has a global impact on plants by inducing biochemical and metabolic changes that lead to oxidative stress, impairing growth, yield, and productivity. The pistachio tree (Pistacia vera L.) is a salt-tolerant species. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of carbon nitride nanostructures modified with iron (Fe/C₃N₄) on the Akbari pistachio variety under salinity stress levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM) and foliar applying (distilled water as a control, Fe₂O₃ (0.2 g L–1), C₃N₄ (0.2 g L–1), and carbon nitride modified with iron or Fe/C₃N₄ (0.2 g L–1). The findings showed that salinity decreased relative water content (RWC), SPAD index, membrane stability index (MSI), maximum fluorescence (Fm), and variable fluorescence (Fv), and increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, foliar application with Fe₂O₃, or Fe/C₃N₄, improved all traits. Nevertheless, there was no significant interaction between the applied mitigating treatments and salinity levels on RWC, MSI, SPAD index, Fm, Fv, and H₂O₂. Salinity stress increased malondialdehyde (MDA), phenol, and flavonoid levels, and reduced leaf number, height, photosynthetic pigments, vitamin C, and total protein. The application of foliar treatments, especially Fe/C₃N₄, improved the influence of salinity stress. Additionally, the activity of antioxidant enzymes increased under salt stress and foliar application. Fe/C₃N₄-treated seedlings consistently exhibited higher growth and photosynthetic traits and lower oxidative damage than untreated controls across salinity levels, indicating a stable physiological benefit rather than a salinity-specific effect
Wpływ warunków uprawy na plonowanie i wartość odżywczą fasolnika chińskiego (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) – badania wstępne
No full textDue to the ongoing global warming and the development of breeding work, Chinese cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) may become an attractive crop for cultivation in Central Europe. In Poland, the cultivation of this plant is possible both under cover and in field conditions, especially in the warmer regions of the southern part of the country. However, further scientific research is necessary to adapt cultivation techniques to Poland’s soil and climate conditions and to work on selecting suitable cultivars better adapted to local environmental conditions.The aim of the research was to evaluate yield and selected morphological traits, as well as the nutritional value of immature pods of two climbing Chinese cowpea cultivars: Fakir and Metro Rouge, grown under field conditions in southern Poland and under cover (high tunnel). The experiment was conducted in 2021–2022 at the experimental station of the University of Agriculture in Kraków.The results showed that cultivation of cowpeas in a plastic tunnel promoted better plant development and more stable yields compared to field cultivation. The Fakir cultivar performed better in cooler field conditions, entering successive developmental stages more quickly than the Metro Rouge cultivar.The chemical composition of the pods depended on the cultivation site and genotype – pods from field-grown plants had higher contents of dry matter, fat, vitamin C, phenolic compounds, and higher antioxidant activity, while pods from plants grown under the plastic tunnel contained more protein and pigments. The Fakir cultivar exhibited higher levels of protein and pigments compared to Metro Rouge, whereas Metro Rouge had higher contents of dry matter, ash, vitamin C, and antioxidant activity than Fakir.W związku z postępującym ociepleniem klimatu oraz rozwojem prac hodowlanych fasolnik chiński (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) może stać się atrakcyjną rośliną do uprawy w Europie Środkowej. W Polsce uprawa tej rośliny jest możliwa zarówno pod osłonami, jak również w warunkach polowych, zwłaszcza w cieplejszych regionach południowej części kraju. Konieczne są dalsze badania naukowe mające na celu dostosowanie technik uprawy fasolnika do warunków glebowo-klimatycznych Polski oraz prace nad selekcją odpowiednich odmian, bardziej dostosowanych do lokalnych warunków środowiskowych.Celem badań była ocena plonowania oraz wybranych cech morfologicznych, a także wartości odżywczej niedojrzałych strąków dwóch pnących odmian fasolnika chińskiego: Fakir i Metro Rouge, uprawianych w warunkach polowych południowej Polski oraz pod osłonami (w wysokim tunelu foliowym). Doświadczenie przeprowadzono w latach 2021–2022 w stacji doświadczalnej Uniwersytetu Rolniczego w Krakowie.W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że uprawa fasolnika w tunelu foliowym sprzyjała lepszemu rozwojowi roślin i stabilniejszym plonom w porównaniu z uprawą polową. Odmiana Fakir lepiej radziła sobie w chłodniejszych warunkach polowych, szybciej wchodząc w kolejne fazy rozwojowe niż odmiana Metro Rouge. Skład chemiczny strąków zależał od miejsca uprawy roślin i genotypu – strąki roślin z uprawy polowej charakteryzowałysię wyższą zawartością suchej masy, tłuszczu, witaminy C, związków fenolowych oraz wyższą aktywnością antyoksydacyjną, natomiast strąki roślin uprawianych w tunelu foliowym zawierały więcej białka i barwników.Odmiana Fakir miała wyższy poziom białka i barwników w porównaniu z odmianą Metro Rouge, a odmiana Metro Rouge – wyższą zawartość suchej masy, popiołu, witaminy C oraz wyższą aktywność antyoksydacyjną niż odmiana Fakir
Yield potential of potatoes with colored flesh in central-eastern Poland
No full textThis work presents the results of the researchers’ study, including a three-year (2021, 2022, 2023) field experiment that was a single-factor trial with three replicates, using table potatoes as the test plant. Eight potato cultivars with different flesh colours were tested: Bora Valley – dark purple flesh, Vitelotte Noire – purple, Blaue Annelise – purple, Salad Blue – purple, Provita – purple, Rote Emmalie – red, Herbie 26 – red, and Eurostar – light yellow. The following parameters were measured: total tuber yield, marketable yield (tubers with a diameter of ≥35 mm, free from external and internal defects), and large tuber yield (potatoes with a diameter >50 mm). The analysed yields were significantly influenced by the cultivars and weather conditions during the study years. Among the coloured cultivars, the highest average total yields were recorded for Rote Emmalie, Provita, and Bora Valley cultivars; the highest marketable yields for Bora Valley, Provita, and Rote Emmalie; and the highest large tuber yields for Bora Valley and Provita. In 2021 (relatively dry) and 2022 (optimal conditions), tuber yields were significantly higher than in 2023 (a very dry year).This work presents the results of the researchers’ study, including a three-year (2021, 2022, 2023) field experiment that was a single-factor trial with three replicates, using table potatoes as the test plant. Eight potato cultivars with different flesh colours were tested: Bora Valley – dark purple flesh, Vitelotte Noire – purple, Blaue Annelise – purple, Salad Blue – purple, Provita – purple, Rote Emmalie – red, Herbie 26 – red, and Eurostar – light yellow. The following parameters were measured: total tuber yield, marketable yield (tubers with a diameter of ≥35 mm, free from external and internal defects), and large tuber yield (potatoes with a diameter >50 mm). The analysed yields were significantly influenced by the cultivars and weather conditions during the study years. Among the coloured cultivars, the highest average total yields were recorded for Rote Emmalie, Provita, and Bora Valley cultivars; the highest marketable yields for Bora Valley, Provita, and Rote Emmalie; and the highest large tuber yields for Bora Valley and Provita. In 2021 (relatively dry) and 2022 (optimal conditions), tuber yields were significantly higher than in 2023 (a very dry year)
Welcoming new Scientific Advisory Board members
Full text linkWe welcome eighteen new Scientific Advisory Board members of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, who help to expand our expertise in areas of cutting-edge horticultural research and maintain ourjournal’s high publishing standards
Polityka zakupowa państwa jako narzędzie zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego na przykładzie Polski
No full textFood security and a healthy, sustainable nutrition system are among the key challenges facing the EuropeanUnion and align with the sustainable development goals specified in the 2030 Agenda. Public procurementpolicy plays an important role in setting standards for the types of food necessary to achieve a healthy and sustainablediet under various conditions. This study aims to introduce the concept of food security, assess Poland’sposition in comparison with selected European Union countries in relation to key components of food security,and indicate the role of state purchasing policy in shaping food security. This study used indicator analysis basedon the Global Food Security Index (GFSI). It also considers the value of the Polish public procurement marketfor food supplies in 2014–2023. The research showed that Poland’s position in terms of food security remainsrelatively stable, although it still faces challenges related to the resilience of the food system (21st position among113 countries). The state’s purchasing policy, especially in the area of public procurement for food, can be animportant tool for supporting national agricultural production, shortening supply chains, and ensuring universalaccess to high-quality food. Research findings indicate that there was a marked increase in the value of public foodsupply contracts in 2022 and 2023.Bezpieczeństwo żywnościowe oraz zdrowy i zrównoważony system odżywiania należą do kluczowychwyzwań stojących przed Unią Europejską i wpisują się w cele zrównoważonego rozwoju określone w Agendzie2030. Istotną rolę w wyznaczaniu standardów dotyczących rodzaju żywności niezbędnej do osiągnięcia zdroweji zrównoważonej diety w różnych warunkach pełni polityka zamówień publicznych. Celem artykułu jest przybliżeniepojęcia bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego oraz ocena pozycji Polski na tle wybranych krajów Unii Europejskiejw odniesieniu do jego kluczowych komponentów, a także wskazanie roli polityki zakupowej państwaw kształtowaniu tego bezpieczeństwa. W opracowaniu zastosowano analizę wskaźnikową opartą na Global FoodSecurity Index (GFSI). Uwzględniono również wartość polskiego rynku zamówień publicznych na dostawy żywnościw latach 2014–2023. Badania wykazały, że pozycja Polski w zakresie bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego pozostajewzględnie stabilna, choć nadal obarczona jest wyzwaniami związanymi z odpornością systemu żywnościowego(21. miejsce wśród 113 państw). Polityka zakupowa państwa, zwłaszcza w obszarze zamówień publicznychna żywność, może być istotnym narzędziem wspierania krajowej produkcji rolnej, skracania łańcuchów dostaworaz zapewniania powszechnego dostępu do żywności wysokiej jakości. Wyniki badań wskazują, że w latach 2022i 2023 odnotowano wyraźny wzrost wartości zamówień publicznych na dostawy żywności
Numerical and qualitative analysis of ascospore discharge of Venturia inaequalis in central Poland in relation to weather conditions
Full text linkThe study presents the results of nine years of field observations of ascospore release of Venturia inaequalis in the Skierniewice area in central Poland. In total, spores were trapped 221 times during 2005–2008 and 2010–2014. Of these, 142 episodes lasted for less than 8 hours, 69 lasted from 8 to 29 hours, and 10 episodes lasted from 30 to 93 hours. Spore releases started in spring from 25 March to 28 April and ended from 27 May to 17 June, and the season for ascospore release lasted from 43 to 76 days, with an average of 58 days. During 139 ascospore releases, less than 1 000 spores per cubic meter of air were collected and during 25 discharges more than 10 000 spores were trapped. Releases of ascospores were highly related to rainfall and daylight. Two-thirds (67%) of the spores were trapped during rain. Only 12% of the discharges occurred without any registered rain, accounting for 7% of all trapped spores. Nearly three fourth (73%) of all ascospore release hours occurred in daylight, and 91% of the spores were trapped in daytime. Rainy nights with constant leaf wetness were observed, during which no spore releases occurred despite the rainfall. Ascospore releases were also less prominent at the beginning and end of the season and after weak rains. Rain was most effective as the trigger of discharges at temperature between 5 and 13 °C and when global radiation coinciding with rainfall was below 700 W/m2. In conclusion, the study confirms the dominant role of daytime rainfall in the release of ascospores by Venturia inaequalis
Quantitative metabolomics-driven elucidation of flavonoid diversity and novel quality assessment strategy in Artemisia argyi Levl. et Van germplasms
Full text linkThis study employed quantitative metabolomics to conduct a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the diversity and accumulation patterns of flavonoid compounds in the leaves of six different genotypes of Artemisia argyi Levl. et Van (A. argyi) germplasms. The aim was to establish a metabolite-marker-based quality evaluation system and provide theoretical underpinnings for germplasm conservation and targeted development. Flavonoids were quantitatively analyzed using ultra- performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). A combination of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) of heatmaps was applied to reveal the disparities in metabolic profiles among different germplasms. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was utilized to identify differential metabolites, followed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis to explore the underpinnings of metabolic pathways. The findings demonstrated that a total of 76 flavonoids belonging to 11 categories were identified. Flavones (24 compounds) and flavonols (20 compounds) were the predominant classes, accounting for 57.9% of the total. Aa36 and Aa60 all displayed the highest diversity with 64 compounds. The total flavonoid content ranged from 8.70 to 14.01 μg/g, and Aa41 had the highest content. Seven flavonoids of jaceosidin, eriodictyol, eupatorin, hispidulin, chrysosplenetin, scutellarin, quercimeritrin consistently ranked among the top 10 components in six germplasms, thereby constituting the common pharmacodynamic foundation. PCA and HCA classified six germplasms into two metabolic types. Group I, composed of Aa9, Aa13, Aa36, Aa38, and Aa41, was abundant in methoxylated flavonoids. Group II, only Aa60, had a distinctive profile dominated by scutellarin, which accounted for 52.4% of the total content (34.7 μg/g). The differential metabolites were significantly enriched in the secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathway (ko01110), flavonoid biosynthesis pathway (ko00941), and flavone/flavonol biosynthesis pathway (ko00944), which uncovered the regulatory mechanisms. The seven identified core flavonoids can function as stable metabolic markers for the quality assessment of germplasms. Meanwhile, the scutellarin dominant profile of Aa60 offers a distinct resource orientation for the development of A. argyi cultivars with cardio-cerebrovascular protective functions