1,720,986 research outputs found
Using spot flow measurements in a regionalized hydrological model to improve the low flow statistical estimations of rivers: The case of Réunion Island
No full textInternational audienceStudy region: This study is based on 22 gauged sites and 26 poorly gauged sites on the territory of R´eunion Island, where quality hydrometric observations are available. Study focus: Information on streamflow is crucial for good water resources management and for respect ecosystems. For gauged catchments, the hydrology can be investigate from observations. For ungauged catchments, the lack of streamflow observations do not allow it. In this context, regionalized models for rainfall runoff are valuable resources. They have been widely employed as a means of predicting the streamflow of ungauged catchments. However, the performances ofregionalized hydrological models seems to depend on the spatial density of available flow gauging networks. Using observations available on poorly gauged catchments to help to regionalize hydrological models can be another way of solving the data scarcity problem. This paper presents a framework for evaluating the use of spot flow measurements in a regionalized hydrological model when performing low flow statistical stimations in ungauged catchments. Three approaches are used to evaluate how to include spots flow measurements in the hydrological model calibration process. We tested too the addition of the poorly gauged sites in the regionalization procedure of the hydrological model. The effectiveness of the methods was measured by cross-validation. New hydrological insights for the region: It is found that an increased accuracy using the region alized model with help from spot flow measurements to predict streamflow time series in ungauged catchments. The increase is more moderate in low flow statistical estimations (QMNA5) than in medium and high flows
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Use of piezometric data to improve the underground component of hydrological model to simulate low flows
No full textL'étiage est un phénomène saisonnier, qui peut être long, court et plus ou moins intense, affectant des cours d'eau entiers. Ce phénomène est devenu une préoccupation pour de nombreux pays qui cherchent à mieux comprendre les processus qui l'affectent et à apprendre à gérer de manière optimale les ressources en eau (pompage, irrigation). L'idée est d'utiliser les données piézométriques de la banque ADES, disponibles en France, et de les intégrer pour la phase de calibration du modèle hydrologique. L'analyse a été réalisée sur 105 bassins versants français représentatifs de divers comportements hydro-météorologiques et situés dans un contexte hydrogéologique varié. Pour chaque bassin versant, nous devons sélectionner un piézomètre le plus représentatif possible de l'aquifère principal interagissant avec le bassin. L’hypothèse de travail va reposer sur l’exploration du lien entre les caractéristiques des signaux de hauteurs piézométriques et les signaux de débits. Il va donc s’agir de tenter d’utiliser les informations piézométriques disponibles dans les bassins versants, afin de les intégrer dans la phase de calibration d'un modèle hydrologique conceptuel, destiné à appréhender la problématique des étiages. Enfin il sera question de travailler sur la structure du modèle (GRLoiEau2J), pour voir si une modification spécifique de sa structure pourrait conduire à une meilleure prise en compte de l’information piézométrique, tout en gardant la parcimonie comme contrainte, en vue d’une future régionalisation de l’approcheLow water levels are a seasonal phenomenon, which can be long, short and more or less intense, affecting entire rivers. This phenomenon has become a concern for many countries who seek better understanding of the processes that affect it and to learn how to optimally manage water resources (pumping, irrigation). The idea is to use the piezometric data of the ADES bank, available in France, and to use it for the calibration phase of the hydrological model. The analysis was carried out across 105 French watersheds that are representative of various hydrometeorological behaviours and are located in a diverse hydrogeological context. Each watershed must be represented by a piezometer that closely represents the main aquifer that interacts with the basin. The working hypothesis will be based on the exploration of the link between the characteristics of the piezometric signals and the flow signals. It will therefore be an attempt to use the piezometric information available in the watersheds, in order to integrate them into the calibration phase of a conceptual hydrological model, intended to understand the problem of low flows. Finally, we will work on the structure of the model (GRLoiEau2J), to see if a specific modification of its structure could lead to a better consideration of the piezometric information, while keeping the parsimony as a constraint, in view of a future regionalization of the approac
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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