1,724,133 research outputs found
The World According to De Finetti
Full text linkBruno de Finetti is one of the founding fathers of the subjectivist school of probability, where probabilities are interpreted as rational degrees of belief. His work on the relation between the theorems of probability and rationality is among the corner stones of modern subjective probability theory. De Finetti maintained that rationality requires that degrees of belief be coherent, and he argued that the whole of probability theory could be derived from these coherence conditions. De Finetti’s interpretation of probability has been highly influential in science. This paper focuses on the application of this interpretation to quantum mechanics. We argue that de Finetti held that the coherence conditions of degrees of belief in events depend on their verifiability. Accordingly, the standard coherence conditions of degrees of belief that are familiar from the literature on subjective probability only apply to degrees of belief in events which could (in principle) be jointly verified; and the coherence conditions of degrees of belief in events that cannot be jointly verified are weaker. While the most obvious explanation of de Finetti’s verificationism is the influence of positivism, we argue that it could be motivated by the radical subjectivist and instrumental nature of probability in his interpretation; for as it turns out, in this interpretation it is difficult to make sense of the idea of coherent degrees of belief in, and accordingly probabilities of unverifiable events. We then consider the application of this interpretation to quantum mechanics, concentrating on the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment and Bell’s theorem
An Outcome of the de Finetti Infinite Lottery is Not Finite
Full text linkA randomly selected number from the infinite set of positive integers—the so-called de Finetti lottery—will not be a finite number. I argue that it is still possible to conceive of an infinite lottery, but that an individual lottery outcome is knowledge about set-membership and not element identification. Unexpectedly, it appears that a uniform distribution over a countably infinite set has much in common with a continuous probability density over an uncountably infinite set
De Finetti and the Arrow-Pratt measure of risk aversion
No full textViene descritta l'analisi dell'avversione al rischio proposta da de Finetti e mostrato come la misura dell'avversione al rischio da lui proposta coincida con quella introdotta più di dieci anni dopo da Arrow e Pratt
Finetti
No full textA series of sermons titled Finetti: Respect Due to Churches, The Use of Faith, Exterior Worship, Impurity, Tribulations, and The Death of the Just Man.Note: likely taken from or based on the writings of Italian Jesuit Father Francesco Finetti (1762-1842).Item is part of "Sermons, 1829-1860" subseries
Symmetry of evidence without evidence of symmetry
Full text linkThe de Finetti Theorem is a cornerstone of the Bayesian approach. Bernardo (1996) writes that its "message is very clear: if a sequence of observations is judged to be exchangeable, then any subset of them must be regarded as a random sample from some model, and there exists a prior distribution on the parameter of such model, hence requiring a Bayesian approach." We argue that while exchangeability, interpreted as symmetry of evidence, is a weak assumption, when combined with subjective expected utility theory, it implies also complete confidence that experiments are identical. When evidence is sparse, and there is little evidence of symmetry, this implication of de Finetti's hypotheses is not intuitive. This motivates our adoption of multiple-priors utility as the benchmark model of preference. We provide two alternative generalizations of the de Finetti Theorem for this framework. A model of updating is also provided.Ambiguity, exchangeability, symmetry, updating, learning, multiple-priors
Finetti C., Minardi M., Osti Guerrazzi A., Un secolo di sindacato. La Camera del lavoro a Modena nel Novecento, Ediesse, Roma 2001
No full textRecensione al volume: Finetti C., Minardi M., Osti Guerrazzi A., Un secolo di sindacato. La Camera del lavoro a Modena nel Novecento, Ediesse, Roma 200
Bruno de Finetti economista corporativo: dall’economia programmata alla costruzione della funzione di preferenza sociale
Full text linkBruno de Finetti (1906-1985) is well known as the founder of the subjective theory of probability. Less known, with a few exceptions, is his contribution to economic theory during the early stage of his scientific career. In the second half of the 1930s, de Finetti was passionately involved in the field of welfare economics. To provide a theoretical framework for evaluating social welfare and to help in designing public policies, he developed a new mathematical tool: the theory of simultaneous maxima. Using this analytical approach, he also advanced the idea of a social welfare function, albeit quite different from the one introduced in 1938 by Abram Bergson, reflecting the debate on the economic planning among Italian economists
On the existence of the true value of a probability. Part I: Determinism versus aleatorism
Full text linkObjetivist models are based on the deterministic hypothesis that postulates the existence of probability, which is cognoscible only in an asymptotic manner. On the other hand, subjectivist models consider the aleatoristic hypothesis according to which there is no truth about probability. However, both hypotheses may only be compared through stochastic models, which are not strictly falsifiable. Therefore, neither the hypothesis stating the existence of a true value regarding the probability of occurrence of an event nor de Finetti´s postulate which sustains that “probability does not exist” are strictly verifiable.
Sguardi adolescenti sulla povertà educativa minorile. Un’esperienza di Student Voice Research
No full textNel 2014 Save the Children Italia ha definito la povertà educativa minorile come “privazione da parte dei bambini e degli adolescenti della possibilità di apprendere, sperimentare, sviluppare e far fiorire liberamente capacità, talenti e aspirazioni”. Negli anni il costrutto è stato dettagliato, spostando progressivamente il focus dalla privazione al potenziale apprendimento, anche in dimensioni non cognitive. Sono stati parallelamente proposti indici per la misurazione del fenomeno. Ma che cos’è per gli adolescenti la povertà educativa? Gli indicatori selezionati nel tempo misurano dimensioni avvertite come prioritarie dai minori? Un’esperienza di ricerca ispirata al movimento Student Voice ha raccolto, nei mesi di aprile e maggio 2021, le voci di 121 adolescenti di Fiorenzuola d’Arda (PC). Senza pretese di rappresentatività e di esaustività, l’articolo introduce all’evoluzione del costrutto di povertà educativa e poi esplora immagini, vissuti e significati a esso attribuiti da ragazzi e ragazze, nonché le direzioni di senso suggerite dal loro “sguardo adolescente” ai fini di prevenire e contrastare il fenomeno nelle sue molteplici dimensioni.In 2014 Save the Children Italia defined child educational poverty as the depriving of children of all ages of the possibility to learn, experiment with, develop and give free rein to their abilities, talents and aspirations. The construct has been detailed over the years, progressively shifting the focus from deprivation to potential learning, even in non-cognitive dimensions. At the same time, indices have been proposed to measure the phenomenon. But what is educational poverty for adolescents? Do the indicators selected over time measure dimensions perceived as a priority by minors? A research experience inspired by the Student Voice movement collected the voices of 121 adolescents from Fiorenzuola d’Arda (PC) in April and May 2021. Without pretending to be representative and exhaustive, the article introduces the evolution of the educational poverty construct, then explores images, experiences and meanings attributed to it by boys and girls, as well as directions of meaning suggested by their “adolescent gaze” in order to prevent and counteract the phenomenon in its multiple dimensions
De Finetti methods in quantum information
Full text linkThe main topic of this thesis is the study of de Finetti methods and their applications in quantum information theory. Those methods include de Finetti representation theorems and De Finetti reductions.
The primary motivation of a de Finetti representation theorem is to represent, or approximate, a mathematical object symmetric under permutation of its components, into a probabilistic ensemble of elementary independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) constituents.
De Finetti reductions are another class of techniques that are used to take advantage of permutation symmetries. For example, a quantum de Finetti reduction provides an upper bound to a symmetric quantum state in the form of an integral superposition of product states,
weighted by a factor that is polynomial in terms of the number of copies and exponential in terms of the local dimensionality.
Our findings include:
1- The development of general mathematical techniques that can be used to obtain concrete constrained de Finetti representation theorems for the desired application.
2- The application of those methods to the problem of approximate quantum error correction. In particular, we use our framework to develop asymptotically converging SDP hierarchies that can be used to study the average and worst error cases, as given by the quantum
channel fidelity and a channel distance based on the diamond norm, respectively.
3- A new de Finetti reduction in the presence of an additional system carrying side information, that can handle various types of linear constraints.
4- The development of entropic techniques that can be used to generate de Finetti representation theorems from a starting de Finetti reduction. In particular, we use those methods to obtain a new proof for finite quantum de Finetti theorems.Open Acces
- …
