1,721,067 research outputs found
Detecting aquatic pathogens with field-compatible dried qPCR assays.
Full text linkField-ready qPCR assays with a long shelf-life support monitoring programs for emerging aquatic pathogens and enable quick conservation and management decisions. Here, we developed, validated, and tested the shelf-life of qPCR assays targeting Gyrodactylus salaris and Aphanomyces astaci with lyophilization and air-drying
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Connectivity to the surface determines diversity patterns in subsurface aquifers of the Fennoscandian shield
No full textLittle research has been conducted on microbial diversity deep under the Earth/'s surface. In this study, the microbial communities of three deep terrestrial subsurface aquifers were investigated. Temporal community data over 6 years revealed that the phylogenetic structure and community dynamics were highly dependent on the degree of isolation from the earth surface biomes. The microbial community at the shallow site was the most dynamic and was dominated by the sulfur-oxidizing genera Sulfurovum or Sulfurimonas at all-time points. The microbial community in the meteoric water filled intermediate aquifer (water turnover approximately every 5 years) was less variable and was dominated by candidate phylum OD1. Metagenomic analysis of this water demonstrated the occurrence of key genes for nitrogen and carbon fixation, sulfate reduction, sulfide oxidation and fermentation. The deepest water mass (5000 year old waters) had the lowest taxon richness and surprisingly contained Cyanobacteria. The high relative abundance of phylogenetic groups associated with nitrogen and sulfur cycling, as well as fermentation implied that these processes were important in these systems. We conclude that the microbial community patterns appear to be shaped by the availability of energy and nutrient sources via connectivity to the surface or from deep geological processes.Supplementary information available for this article at http://www.nature.com/ismej/journal/vaop/ncurrent/suppinfo/ismej201636s1.html</p
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Organic matter decomposition and mercury mobilization in thawing subarctic permafrost peat plateaus
Full text linkMercury (Hg) is a highly potent neurotoxin which is naturally present in the environment. A vast amount of the global Hg is stored in Arctic permafrost soils, immobilized by complexation with organic matter (OM). With an increasingly warmer climate, 37-81% of the near surface permafrost in the Northern Hemisphere is estimated to be lost by the end of the century. Since previously frozen permafrost OM is prone to degradation, the fate of the currently immobilized Hg is of concern. Release of Hg bound to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) into surface waters is one possible fate. Once released to surface waters, Hg may be subject to enhanced rates of methylation with potentially detrimental effects to northern fisheries, human populations, and ecosystems. Another possible fate is reduction and revolatalization back to the atmosphere. To assess pools of Hg in permafrost and their potential for mobilization with permafrost thaw and OM degradation, three permafrost peat plateaus along a coast to inland gradient in the Norwegian Subarctic were sampled. Peat and water samples were analyzed for chemical properties including total Hg content. Selected peat samples were further used in 70–108-day incubation experiments to investigate the potential release of Hg after permafrost thaw and its coupling to OM degradation under defined conditions (availability of O2, SO42-, essential nutrients) at 10ºC.
The vertical and lateral distribution of Hg in peat plateaus varied greatly between sites depending on the geohydrological conditions during formation. Concentrations of Hg were generally highest in the top layers, likely reflecting anthropogenically driven atmospheric deposition since the Industrial Revolution. Anoxically incubated samples from the top of the active layer generally showed the highest rates of Hg mobilization to water, suggesting that collapse of peat plateaus followed by thermokarst formation submerging the AL in situ plays an important role for Hg mobilization from Nordic peat plateaus. Additionally, decreasing Hg:C ratios across a transect from active layer to thermokarst sediment suggest loss of Hg, possibly due to volatilization of elemental Hg. Secondary emission of Hg from peat plateaus can possibly counteract recent efforts to minimize Hg concentrations in the environment
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