778 research outputs found
Replication package for "Winners and Losers: The Distributional Effects of the French Feebate on the Automobile Market"
No full textDurrmeyer, I (2021). Winners and Losers: The Distributional Effects of the French Feebate on the Automobile Market. The Economic Journal
Achieving OAI PMH compliancy for CDS/ISIS databases
No full textPurpose – The main purpose of this paper is to present the work recently carried out by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in collaboration with Associazione per la documentazione le biblioteche e gli archivi (DBA) in Italy to make web CDS/ISIS-based applications
compliant with the OAI-PMH. CDS/ISIS is an Integrated Storage and Information Retrieval System of Unesco, which is widely used especially in Latin America and Africa. There are hundreds of CDS/ISIS-based application systems managing bibliographical reference, ensuring high quality
content through the use of built-in authority files, data entry guidelines and validations. It also allows for metadata export in many different formats.
Design/methodology/approach – The methodology adopted included study, analysis and evaluation of three existing solutions for exposing metadata from the CDS/ISIS database repositories to the OAI framework.
Findings – The implementation did not include the development of automatic procedures for incremental harvesting from CDS/ISIS databases nor the normalization of the harvested data.
However, a lot of experience in implementation of OAI was gained which will be useful for future development of non-CDS/ISIS systems.
Research limitations/implications – The research and development work demonstrates the importance and implications of this work for the whole CDS/ISIS community and specifically for the participating centres from the AGRIS network.
Originality/value – It proposes an open source, easily parametrizable plug-in tool, which can be adapted to expose metadata from a general structure CDS/ISIS database using the OAI-PMH protocol.
This work assures that semantically rich metadata for agricultural science and research publications based on the “AGRIS Application Profile” can be handled by the OAI protocol. This in turn allows for
further creation of additional services based on the exchange of knowledge on agricultural science and technology publications world-wide
Essays in empirical industrial organisation
No full textLes deux premiers chapitres étudient l’impact des régulations et de la structure du marché pour les nouveaux services de transport et les instruments les plus efficaces pour améliorer la circulation urbaine. Le troisième chapitre étudie le rôle de la structure du marché sur les offres de produits dans les télécommunications mobiles.Le premier chapitre porte sur l’effet de la concurrence spatiale et de l’imposition de contraintes dans les marchés du transport. Plusieurs services de transport ont besoin d’actions centralisées de la part des opérateurs qui choisissent le nombre de véhicules disponibles à chaque endroit. Ces décisions affectent la disponibilité du service et ont un impact ambigu sur la qualité (temps d’attente, niveaux de congestion, etc.). De plus, les régulateurs imposent des contraintes de capacité limitant l’offre disponible. Une telle réglementation augmente le coût d’opportunité des décisions d’allocation et incite les opérateurs à approvisionner excessivement les emplacements à revenus élevés ou à se différencier spatialement en desservant différents marchés à faible demande.Je construis une base de données unique couvrant l’ensemble du marché des trottinettes électriques partagées à Kansas City (États-Unis). J’analyse le marché à l’aide d’un modèle structurel spatial dynamique incorporant le rôle des contraintes de capacité, des économies de densité et des externalités dynamiques entre les emplacements sur les décisions des entreprises. Les simulations contrefactuelles montrent qu’en internalisant le compromis entre le vol d’affaires et la différenciation spatiale, un monopoliste améliorerait le bien-être. Les contraintes de capacité imposées à l’échelle de la ville ont un caractère régressif, suscitant des préoccupations de distribution entre les zones à revenus élevés et faibles.Dans le deuxième chapitre, fait avec Isis Durrmeyer, nous développons modèle structurel représentant les conditions de trafic en équilibre dans une zone métropolitaine, avec plusieurs dimensions d’hétérogénéité au niveau individuel et géographique. La première partie du modèle représente le choix d’un mode de transport et d’une heure de départ par les individus. La deuxième partie du modèle représente les technologies de congestion routière, qui décrivent comment les vitesses de conduite réagissent aux changements du nombre d’individus utilisant des voitures et combien de kilomètres ils conduisent.Nous appliquons notre modèle de décisions de transport et de congestion à des données de la région métropolitaine de Paris (région Île-de-France). Dans l’analyse principale, nous comparons les effets de trois politiques simples : les restrictions de conduite, les péages fixes, et les péages variables. Nous constatons que toutes les régulations sont coûteuses pour les individus, car les gains de vitesse ne peuvent pas compenser les pertes dues aux contraintes imposées par les politiques. Sous des niveaux de rigueur modérés, les deux types de péages améliorent le bien-être global si leurs revenus sont redistribués.Enfin, dans le troisième article, fait avec Oscar Jara, nous étudions l’interaction entre la structure du marché et l’avancement technologique et leur impact sur l’évolution des offres de produits dans le secteur des télécommunications mobiles. En utilisant un ensemble de données unique pour le secteur des télécommunications mobiles péruvien, nous analysons le rôle de l’introduction de la connectivité 4G, qui augmente la demande de données, et comment elle interagit avec un changement de structure du marché qui a doublé le nombre d’entreprises en concurrence dans le pays. Pour identifier ces différents effets, nous utilisons un modèle structurel qui intègre une demande de choix discrets de produits et considère deux dimensions des décisions des entreprises : le choix des caractéristiques des plans offerts et leurs prix respectifs.The first two chapters of this thesis focus on understanding the impact of regulations and market structure for new transportation services and on finding which instruments are more efficient at improving urban traffic conditions. Finally, the third chapter studies the role of market structure on product offerings in the context of mobile telecommunications.The first chapter the effect of spatial competition and imposed capacity constraints on welfare in transportation markets. Several transportation services require centralized actions from operators who choose the numbers of vehicles available in each. These decisions affect service availability and have an ambiguous impact on quality (waiting times, congestion levels, etc.). Moreover, regulators impose capacity constraints limiting the available supply. Such regulation increases the opportunity cost of allocation decisions and provides incentives to operators to either oversupply high-revenue locations or spatially differentiate by serving different low-demand markets.I build a unique dataset covering the full market for shared electric scooters in Kansas City (US). I analyze the market using a dynamic spatial structural model incorporating the role of capacity constraints, economies of density, and dynamic externalities across locations on firms’ decisions. Counterfactual simulations show that by internalizing the trade-off between business stealing and spatial differentiation, a monopolist would improve welfare. Imposed citywide capacity constraints have a regressive nature, causing distributional concerns between high and low-income areas.In the second chapter, joint work with Isis Durrmeyer, we develop a structural model representing equilibrium traffic conditions in a metropolitan area, with several dimensions of heterogeneity at the individual and geographical levels. The first part of the model represents the choice of a transportation mode and a departure time by individuals. The second part of the model represents the road congestion technologies, which describes how driving speeds react to changes in the number of individuals using cars and how many kilometers they drive.We apply our model of transportation decisions and congestion to data from the Paris metropolitan area (Île-de-France region). In the main analysis, we compare the effects of three simple policies: driving restrictions, fixed tolls, and variable tolls. We find that all the regulations are costly for individuals, as speed gains cannot compensate for the losses from the constraints imposed by the policies. Under moderate stringency levels, both tolls improve aggregate welfare if their revenues are redistributed.Finally, in the third paper, joint work with Oscar Jara, we study the interaction between market structure and technological progress and their impact on the evolution of product offerings within the mobile telecommunications sector. Using a unique dataset for the Peruvian mobile telecommunications sector, we analyze the role of the introduction of 4G connectivity, which increases demand for data, and how it interacts with a change in market structure that doubled the number of competing firms in the country. To disentangle these different effects, we build and estimate a structural model that incorporates discrete choice demand and considers two dimensions of the firms’ decisions: the choice of the characteristics of the plans offered and their respective prices
Isis Pelagia : images, names and cults of a goddess of the seas /
No full textIn Isis Pelagia: Images, Names and Cults of a Goddess of the Seas<>/i>, Laurent Bricault, one of the principal scholars of the cults of Isis, presents a new interpretation of the multiple sources that present Isis as a goddess of the seas. Bricault discusses a wealth of relatively unknown archaeological and textual data, drawing on a profound knowledge of their historical context. After decades of scholarly study, Bricault offers an important contribution and a new phase in the debate on understanding the “diffusion” as well as the “reception” of the cults of Isis in the Graeco-Roman world. This book, the first English-language monograph by the leading French scholar in the field, underlines the importance of Isis Studies for broader debates in the study of ancient religion.Revised and updated translation of Isis, dame des flots.Includes bibliographical references and index.In Isis Pelagia: Images, Names and Cults of a Goddess of the Seas<>/i>, Laurent Bricault, one of the principal scholars of the cults of Isis, presents a new interpretation of the multiple sources that present Isis as a goddess of the seas. Bricault discusses a wealth of relatively unknown archaeological and textual data, drawing on a profound knowledge of their historical context. After decades of scholarly study, Bricault offers an important contribution and a new phase in the debate on understanding the “diffusion” as well as the “reception” of the cults of Isis in the Graeco-Roman world. This book, the first English-language monograph by the leading French scholar in the field, underlines the importance of Isis Studies for broader debates in the study of ancient religion
CDS-ISIS for archives.
No full textThe author presents the experience which took place in the Tate
Gallery Library and Archive with the CDS-ISIS system. The
works of art of the United Kingdom National Museum are
registered in a Clipper database, however those in charge of the
Library and the Museum decided to use the CDS-ISIS system
temporarily. The author mentions that although CDS-ISIS works
well in libraries, its application in an archive is more complex
due to the fact that these use archival levels and that the
majority of archives do not register their items as an unique
record. However the conclusions arrived at by the author are
quite satisfactory concerning the use of the CDS-ISIS system
in archives
Winners and Losers: The Distributional Effects of the French Feebate on the Automobile Market
No full textI quantify the welfare and environmental gains and losses from a policy establishing an environmental tax/subsidy for new cars in France in 2008. I estimate a structural model of demand and supply that features heterogeneity in consumer preferences to go beyond the average policy effects and analyse distributional aspects. The policy reduces average carbon emissions by 1.6% at the cost of additional emissions of local pollutants. The regulation favours middle-income individuals but has redistributive effects when combined with a tax that is proportional to income. Moreover, local pollutant emissions increase least in poor and rural areas, suggesting another redistribution channel
Winners and losers: the distributional effects of the French feebate on the automobile market
No full textI analyze the distributional effects of an environmental policy in the new automobile market: the French feebate. I quantify the monetary and environmental gains and losses that are due to this new automobile purchase tax/subsidy across consumers. I develop and estimate a structural model of the demand and supply for new cars that features a high level of heterogeneity in consumers' preferences. By exploiting data on car sales at the municipality level, I identify the heterogeneity parameters through the correlation that exists between household characteristics and car attributes across municipalities. I simulate the market equilibrium without the feebate to quantify the causal welfare and environmental effects of the feebate. The policy reduces average carbon emissions but increases the emissions of all the local pollutants, and the effects are heterogeneous across consumers, car manufacturers and pollutants. The performance of the feebate is very high for consumer surplus maximization, but there is room to increase manufacturers' profits and limit the emissions of local pollutants
Як воює ІДІЛ = How ISIS Fights
No full textBased on extensive field work, this book analyzes how ISIS – a widely hated, massively outnumbered, and ludicrously outgunned organization – managed to occupy over 120 cities, towns, and villages from the Southern Philippines to Western Libya. Seeking to understand ISIS’s combat effectiveness, Omar Ashour focuses on the military and tactical innovations of ISIS and their predecessors in Iraq, Syria, Libya, and Egypt. The author explains how their capacity to mix conventional military tactics with innovative guerrilla warfare and urban terrorism strategies allowed ISIS to expand and endure beyond expectations. This Ukrainian translation is supplemented by a special introduction on Russia’s war against Ukraine and the ISIS tactics adoption by Russian troops (2014-2022)
Як воює ІДІЛ = How ISIS Fights
No full textBased on extensive field work, this book analyzes how ISIS – a widely hated, massively outnumbered, and ludicrously outgunned organization – managed to occupy over 120 cities, towns, and villages from the Southern Philippines to Western Libya. Seeking to understand ISIS’s combat effectiveness, Omar Ashour focuses on the military and tactical innovations of ISIS and their predecessors in Iraq, Syria, Libya, and Egypt. The author explains how their capacity to mix conventional military tactics with innovative guerrilla warfare and urban terrorism strategies allowed ISIS to expand and endure beyond expectations. This Ukrainian translation is supplemented by a special introduction on Russia’s war against Ukraine and the ISIS tactics adoption by Russian troops (2014-2022)
To Rebate or Not to Rebate: Fuel Economy Standards vs. Feebates?
No full textWe compare the welfare effects in equilibrium of two environmental regulations that aim at increasing the new cars fleet’s average fuel efficiency: the fuel economy standards and the feebate policies. Maintaining the same environmental benefit and tax revenue, we simulate the implementation of each policy in France and the United States. Standard-type policies have larger negative welfare effects, up to 3.2 times those from the feebate. Effects on manufacturers are heterogeneous: some are better of under the standard regulation. The addition of a market to trade levels of fuel efficiency dominates the simple standard regulation but not always the feebate. We also consider the attribute-based standard, technological improvements, and the equivalence with fuel taxes as extensions
- …
