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IA y sensores portátiles en la educación superior para investigar las habilidades de hablar en público
Full text linkIn most professional fields, being able to effectively communicate to an audience is considered an essential skill for professional advancement. However, the literature shows that anxiety disorders are among the most common mental disorders encountered by public speakers and that public speaking anxiety can negatively impact on the learning experience of undergraduate students. The present study involves university students from two different contexts and countries and examines their public speaking anxiety by cross-referencing data on cognitive self-perceptions, physiological reactions (heart rate), and behavioural aspects (facial expressions and body movements). It also explores the potential of wearable devices and artificial intelligence in data collection and analysis to identify different student profiles according to their levels of stress and public speaking anxiety. Despite various limitations, the cross-analysis showed good consistency and revealed interesting differences between the two samples, including stress-related clusters and emotional states. The data obtained encourage further research into the variables associated with public speaking and oratory skills. In addition, future developments of this study aim to further explore the potential contribution of these tools in assisting teachers in designing effective personalised training, as well as sharing and discussing data with students to promote awareness of their weaknesses and strengths.La capacidad de comunicarse eficazmente con el público se considera una habilidad esencial para el avance profesional. Sin embargo, la literatura científica muestra que los trastornos de ansiedad se encuentran entre los trastornos mentales más comunes que padecen los oradores públicos. El presente estudio involucra a estudiantes universitarios de dos contextos y países diferentes y examina su ansiedad al hablar en público mediante el cruce de datos sobre autopercepciones cognitivas, reacciones fisiológicas (frecuencia cardíaca) y aspectos conductuales (expresiones faciales y movimientos corporales). También explora el potencial de los dispositivos portátiles y la inteligencia artificial en la recopilación y el análisis de datos para identificar diferentes perfiles de estudiantes según sus niveles de estrés y ansiedad al hablar en público. El análisis cruzado mostró una buena consistencia y reveló diferencias interesantes entre las dos muestras, incluyendo grupos relacionados con el estrés y estados emocionales. Los datos obtenidos animan a seguir investigando las variables asociadas con la oratoria y las habilidades oratorias. Los desarrollos futuros podrían explorar la contribución potencial de estas herramientas para ayudar a los profesores a diseñar una formación personalizada eficaz y discutir los resultados con los estudiantes para promover la conciencia de sus debilidades y fortalezas
The unelected hand? Bureaucratic influence and electoral accountability
No full textWhat role do non-elected bureaucrats play when elections provide imperfect accountability and create incentives for pandering? We develop a model where politicians and bureaucrats interact to implement policy. Both can either be good, sharing the voters’ preferences over policies, or bad,
intent on enacting policies that favor special interests. Our analysis identifies the conditions under which good bureaucrats choose to support, oppose, or force pandering. When bureaucrats wield significant influence over policy decisions, good politicians lose their incentives to pander, a shift that ultimately benefits voters. An intermediate level of bureaucratic influence over policymaking can be voter-optimal: large enough to prevent pandering but small enough to avoid granting excessive influence to potentially bad bureaucrats
Asymmetries and injury risk: when titles spin the tale
No full textScientific integrity depends on transparent reporting and cautious interpretation of findings. The practice of “spin” undermines this principle by overstating or misrepresenting results. Spin may arise intentionally, to attract attention or align with popular narratives, or unintentionally, when researchers misunderstand methodological constraints. Titles are particularly susceptible to spin because they shape first impressions and may be the only part of a paper many readers engage with. In sports sciences, this issue is not absent from research linking inter-limb asymmetries with injury risk. Despite the popularity of the topic, often such studies rely on cross-sectional designs, retrospective injury reports, or surrogate outcomes with no injury data. By presenting asymmetries as risk factors, titles often exaggerate conclusions that the underlying data do not support. This risks misleading practitioners and policymakers and may perpetuate misconceptions about the role of asymmetry in injury development. This work analyses illustrative cases in which spin occurs in the titles through misinterpretation, overstatement, or suggestive framing (even if, in some cases, the discussion within the manuscript remains cautious). We argue that removing spin from titles is straightforward and propose practical re-wording strategies that preserve accuracy without sacrificing clarity. Primarily, researchers should align titles with what their study designs can truly address, while reviewers and editors should act as gatekeepers by detecting and correcting misleading claims. Ultimately, curbing spin (especially in titles) will foster more reliable knowledge translation, safeguard the credibility of sports science, and promote a more nuanced understanding of the complex relationship between asymmetry and injury risk
Learning, sharing and caring: pedagogical features of parents' educational activism
Full text linkScholars of social movements have afforded increasing attention in recent years to pedagogical processes and practices within activist organisations. This article contributes to the ‘pedagogical turn’ in social movement studies by exploring pedagogical features of parents’ educational activism. Drawing on qualitative data collected from parent-led campaign groups operating in England, UK, the article attends to three aspects of activist pedagogy evident within the campaigns. The first concerns the learning that occurs through engaging in activism. The second, internal and external processes of knowledge-sharing. And third, parents’ perceptions of the educative potential of activism as a means for imparting democratic values to their children. I argue that the pedagogical dimension is a central feature of parents’ activism. Indeed, such activism constitutes itself a form of civic education in which democratic values and ideals are transmitted from one generation to another
Brand, corporate and celebrity credibility: a reverse effect
Full text linkPurpose
Celebrity endorsers are usually considered to bring positive effects to associated nodes, such as brands and corporations. However, limited evidence suggests that brands and corporations are equally responsible for affecting celebrities and their credibility. Drawing on associative network theory, this study explores the effects of brand credibility and corporate credibility on celebrity credibility, both directly and through the mediating and moderating effects of advertising credibility. The research addresses three main issues: (1) whether brand credibility, corporate credibility and advertising credibility have significant effects on celebrity credibility; (2) whether advertising credibility has a significant mediating effect on the effects of brand credibility and corporate credibility on celebrity credibility; and (3) whether advertising credibility has a significant moderating effect on the effects of brand credibility and corporate credibility on celebrity credibility.
Design/methodology/approach
The study used a quantitative approach involving structural equation modelling. Data was collected from 675 participants from London and focused on four leading international brands, corporations and celebrity endorsers.
Findings
The findings show that brand credibility and advertising credibility have positive direct effects on celebrity credibility; and that advertising credibility mediates the effects of both credibility constructs on celebrity credibility. Furthermore, moderating effects of advertising credibility are also found.
Practical implications
This study will help managers to understand the reverse effects, i.e., the effects of brand credibility and corporate credibility on celebrity credibility. They will be able to understand that a credible brand and corporation like a credible celebrity can also bring significant effects on the associated elements. This will help them to recruit celebrity endorsers who have historically earned their credibility from previous endorsements of credible brands and corporations. Further, these findings will help managers to understand that credibility of the brand and corporation can also affect the credibility of the associated advertising, resulting in having a significant effect on the credibility of the celebrity. This on the consumers' side will enhance their preferences, attitudes, and behaviours, while for the corporation, it will enhance their economic and commercial performance.
Originality/value
This is the first study in the literature, where a conceptual model based on the reverse effects of both credibility constructs on celebrity credibility is examined, directly and based on the moderating and mediating effects of advertising credibility. Hence, the contributions to the literature are threefold: first, the study examines the reverse effect of celebrity endorsement, whereby the credibility of a brand or corporation is transferred to a celebrity endorser; second, the study examines the mediating and moderating effects of advertising credibility on this reverse effect, and finally, associative network theory is used to examine the importance of the model
Place, tourism and cultural entrepreneurship: a critical engagement with cultural political economy
Full text linkThe pandemic and economic uncertainties have reshaped our perception of culture. The emerging cultural and creative strategies encourage cultural entrepreneurship, which however faces skills shortages, financial vulnerability, marginalisation and industrial downsizing. These short- and long-term challenges call for systematic interventions to (re)engage cultural entrepreneurs, particularly in the post-pandemic era. Drawing on a Cultural Political Economy (CPE) approach, this study applies Lounsbury and Glynn’s model of cultural entrepreneurship to examine how cultural entrepreneurs engage with tourism as a practice of placed-based meaning-making. Given that cultural capital, cultural politics of place, and entrepreneurial storytelling are relational, the case study of Shakespeare Birthplace Trust demonstrates that cultural entrepreneurs must embed the unique place features while balancing digital innovations, cultural tourism activities, and entrepreneurial legitimacy. Achieving this requires skilled entrepreneurial storytelling to construct strong social and cultural ties with local communities, educators, business investors and urban planners
Moral values and trust in science
No full textMistrust in science can arise from the belief that science or scientists act in ways that undermines our wellbeing or go against our best interests (Jaiswal & Halktis, 2019). Such actions may also constitute a perceived moral violation. Considering how science and scientists are perceived to uphold or undermine moral norms and values may therefore provide helpful insights for understanding relationships of trust. In this review of the trust literature, I explore some of the ways that individuals or communities may perceive different categories of moral values (i.e., Harm, Purity / Sanctity, Authority, Loyalty, and Fairness) as being upheld or undermined by science or scientists. Firstly, examples of harm are discussed (e.g., physical and spiritual harms), followed by research on trust in science and individual differences (i.e., disgust sensitivity, religiosity, and worldviews and ideologies). Research around social identity, and fairness are also examined. Identifying where and why perceived moral violations may arise could be helpful for furthering our understanding relationships of mistrust in science and developing tailored interventions to build and sustain trust. It also provides an opportunity for scientists and researchers to reflect on the moral values that they and any communities they seek to work with hold to ensure any procedures and practices do not inadvertently undermine the trust relationship
Designing for diversity: science mapping of Muslim-friendly tourism experience and future trends
Full text linkThe paper involves a review of a rise of a field of study of Muslim-Friendly Tourism Experience, which is the subject of this paper using science mapping. It examines the major themes, trends and gaps in the literature to be able to come up with a comprehensive picture of MFTX and its implications. This systematically reviewed 189 peer-reviewed articles that were published between 2008 and 2024. The research summarizes the results on the dimensions of MFTX, enablers, and moderating variables to the extent that it developed a conceptual framework. The dimensions that are identified through the analysis as core include worship facilities, halal food services, Islamic social environments, and culturally aligned amenities. The experience is enhanced by enablers like cultural alignment, trained personnel, women-friendly services and Islamic-friendly designs. The conceptual model shows the relationships between these factors and their effects on tourist satisfaction, loyalty and economic gains. The research is an addition to the literature on MFTX since it summarizes the current literature and establishes a conceptualization. It points to the main gaps in research and demands the additional investigation of the effects of MFTX on the economy, society and technology
Re-storying anthropocene childhoods through non-innocent encounters with microbes
No full textThis chapter explores environmental education-otherwise with a specific focus on microbial life. By taking seriously the unruly agencies, non-innocent histories, and intimate hauntologies provoked by microbial childhoods we propose new pedagogical possibilities. An arts-based research-creation project with four-year old children in North London created opportunities to dismantle developmentalist logic that persists in disciplining young child bodyminds. By activating Haraway’s SF philosophy, Ettinger’s wit(h)nessing - alongside monist philosophies - speculative, affectively charged encounters are cultivated as ways to refuse the moralising, anthropocentric scripts that tend to surface in conventional mainstream early childhood environmental education. Through our project of environmental education-otherwise microbes assume the role of provocateur, pedagogue and storyteller. As such they unsettle adultism, activate post-pandemic hauntologies, and expose the falsehood and fragility of human exceptionalism. As children improvise, dance, story and engage in worlding and wit(h)nessing practices they generate alternative imaginaries that pose a direct challenge to the sanitised, risk averse logics of contemporary schooling and deficit narratives framing the ‘covid generation’. By attending to microbial contamination and sympoietic entanglement, we propose environmental education-otherwise is vital and necessary to offer a radical alternative that embraces precarity and insists upon the political necessity for becoming-with the more-than-human in the ruins of the Anthropocene
Riding a golf cart versus walking: a study on the physiological and performance differences in tournament golf
Full text linkGolf demands sustained physical effort and effective fatigue management, especially in competitive play. Allowing players to ride golf carts in elite play has raised concerns about potential performance advantages, yet well-controlled studies are lacking. This study examined the effects of golf cart use on physiological, physical and cognitive outcomes in competitive golfers. Sixteen males (mean age: 21 ± 3 years; handicap: 2.3 ± 3.7) completed two randomised competitive rounds on a championship course (6587m; 19°C), either walking with a caddie or riding a golf cart. Physiological measures included activity energy expenditure (Actiheart), core temperature, heart rate and perceived exertion (0–100). Physical outcomes were step count, carry distance, clubhead speed, ball speed and muscle power. Cognitive workload (NASA-Task Load Index) was assessed post-round. The step count and activity energy expenditure were significantly higher for walking than using a golf cart (17,007 ± 1708 vs. 6274 ± 1111 steps; 880 ± 279 vs. 456 ± 155 kilocalories). Core temperature was higher for walking at holes 6, 12, and 18 (p = 0.022). The heart rate increased across the round when walking but decreased while using a cart (p < 0.01), and post-round exertion was higher for walking (41 ± 19 vs. 25 ± 14 and p < 0.001). Carry distance, clubhead and ball speed did not differ. NASA-Task Load Index subscales of physical demand and performance (reverse scored) were higher for walking. Relative to walking, golf cart use lowered internal physiological and external physical load, without impairing muscle power or shot performance. Cognitively, walking imposed higher physical strain and reduced perceived performance. Further research should explore whether these physiological, physical and cognitive outcomes impact performance across multiday tournaments