130,815 research outputs found
The UK’s proportional electoral system:The single transferable vote (STV)
No full textPatrick Dunleavy examines the proportional (PR) electoral system now used for smaller UK elections: the Northern Ireland Assembly, and Scottish and Northern Irish local councils. How has STV fared in converting votes into seats and fostering political legitimacy, under UK political conditions? An Annex also discusses the list PR system used to elect European Parliament MEPs from 1999 to 2014, but now discontinued as a result of Brexit
KEMAMPUAN BERKOMUNIKASI DAN BEKERJASAMA ILMIAH SISWA SMU PADA KEGIATAN PRAKTIKUM DENGAN MODEL PEMBAGIAN TUGAS : MODEL WHEATER DAN DUNLEAVY TIPE 2
No full textPenelitian ini mengkaji pelaksanaan kegiatan praktikum uji makanan
dengan menggunakan model konvensional dan model Wheathet & Dunleavy.
Metode penelitian yang diterapkan adalah metode eksperimen. Subyek penelitian
terdiri dari 2 kelas. Masing-masing kelas diberi perlakuan berupa pembelajaran
praktikum dengan model yang berbeda. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah
untuk mengungkapkan kemampuan berkomunikasi dan bekerjasama ilmiah siswa
yang muncul dengan model konvensional dan model Wheathet & Dunleavy.
Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan 1). lembar observasi, 2) angket. 3)
wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kemunculan kemampuan
berkomunikasi dan bekerjasama ilmiah dalam berbagai tingkatan persentase baik
untuk model konvensional dan model Wheater & Dunleavy (ahli-asal). Untuk
selanjutnya model Wheater & Dunleavy (tipe 2) disingkat model W& D (ahliasal).
Untuk persentase kemunculan kemampuan berkomunikasi baik model
konvensional dan model W&D(ahli-asal) peringkat pertama adalah kemampuan
mendengarkan secara baik ada pada semua kelompok (100%), kemampuan
bertanya (40%) ada pada dua kelompok untuk model konvensional dan model W
& D(ahli), sedangkan untuk dan model W& D(asal) ada pada peringkat kedua
(71,4) ada pada empat kelompok. Untuk peringkat kedua model konvensional dan
model W&D(ahli-asal) adalah kemampuan menjelaskan secara lisan (100%) ada
pada semua kelompok, kemampuan menanggapi (60%) ada pada tiga kelompok
untuk model W & D (ahli), sedangkan untuk model konvensional ada pada
peringkat ketiga (40%) ada pada dua kelompok, (57,1%) ada pada empat
kelompok untuk model W&D(asal). Untuk kemampuan mengevaluasi jawaban
juga ada pada peringkat kedua untuk model W&D(asal) (28,6%) ada pada dua
kelompok, untuk model W&D(ahli) (40%) ada pada dua kelompok berada pada
peringkat ketiga, untuk model konvensional (60%) ada pada tiga kelompok
terdapat pada peringkat keempat. Untuk peringkat ketiga membangun kesepakatan
untuk model konvensional (40%) ada pada dua kelompok, model W& D (asal)
(85,7%) ada pada enam kelompok. Sedangkan untuk model W&D (ahli) (20%)
ada pada dua kelompok berada pada peringkat keempat. Untuk persentase
kemunculan kemampuan bekerjasama ilmiah ternyata berada dalam kelompok
berada ada pada peringkat pertama (100%.) ada pada semua kelompok baik untuk
model konvensional maupun model W& D (ahli-asal). Peringkat kedua berada
dalam tugas (100%) ada pada semua kelompok baik untuk model konvensional
maupun model W&D(ahli-asal). Peringkat ketiga berkompromi (60%) ada pada
tiga kelompok untuk model konvensional, mode! W& D(ahli- asal) (100%) ada
pada semua kelompok Permgkat keempat mengatur dan mengorganisasi (60%)
ada pada tiga kelompok untuk model konvensional. model W& D (ahli) (40%)
ada pada dua kelompok. sedangkan untuk model W & D (asal) tidak muncul.
Peringkat kchma mengundang anggota lain untuk berpartisipasi baik model
kornensional maupun model W& I) (ahli-asal \ tidak muncul
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
Analysing multiparty competition in plurality rule elections
No full textThe study of general election outcomes can be helped by finding better approaches for visualizing large quantities of information and asking questions about its patterning. We review the Nagayama or ‘all possibilities' triangle display, and show that it can only legitimately be used to show an overall ‘field’ of results that is logically feasible, called the effective space of competition, which varies with the number of observable parties. We apply this reductionist view to analysing outcomes in three leading plurality rule systems (the USA, India and Great Britain), focusing on evidence of the Duvergerian psychological effect acting on voters during campaign periods. The Effective Competition Space view illuminates some key differences across countries, and variations with rising numbers of parties competing. We next consider a more holistic approach, the ‘crown’ diagram, which links electoral district outcomes more closely to the most important politico-ideological dimension in each country. Both views suggest some tentative evolutionary hypotheses for the variegated development of plurality rule systems over time. Britain is a highly nationalized party system, but one that has moved substantially away from Duvergerian predictions of two-party focusing, and towards multiparty politics. The USA seems to be a case of ‘stunted development’. India shows a partial Duvergerian conformity, yet combined with a substantial vertical scatter of non-Duvergerian results. Applications to over-time and regional analysis within countries are also sketched
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