1,354,170 research outputs found
Polarization fluctuations near the glass transition
No full textMeasurements of polarization fluctuations were performed for an epoxy glass former. The voltage noise produced by polarization fluctuations of the sample filling a capacitor was acquired via a home-made very high input impedance current-voltage converter, in series with an ultra low noise pre-amplifier, achieving high sensitivity and accuracy in the range 0.1-1000 Hz. The temperature and frequency dependence of polarization noise was investigated above and below the glass transition temperature T-g. The sample was driven to the glassy state with different cooling rate and then isothermally aged, while the noise spectral density was measured at different times and compared with the Johnson Nyquist noise determined by the sample impedance measured by conventional dielectric spectroscopy. At thermodynamic equilibrium the polarization noise agreed with the predictions of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem linking noise spectral density to susceptibility. On the contrary, a strong violation of the theorem was observed after a fast cooling below Tg: an intense polarization noise was detected, with a power spectral density following an inverse power law frequency behavior, whose intensity was decreasing with aging time. At the same time, the amplitude of polarization fluctuations showed a non-Gaussian distribution, whose width reduced during the aging process, up to recover the Gaussian statistics on approaching the equilibrium. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Dix ans d'affiches du Parti socialiste (1980-1989)
No full textTEN YEARS OF SOCIALIST PARTY POSTERS The author has studied 188 socialist party posters (1980-1989). A preliminary approach concerns iconic elements (line and color) after which the article centers on textual elements. It shows the role played by shared word-values (liberty, justice, progress, etc.) in political representation, the effects of the overall economic climate and periodization, and the effects of the definition of « socialists ».DIX ANS D'AFFICHES DU PARTI SOCIALISTE L'auteur étudie 188 affiches du Parti socialiste (1980-1989). Une première approche porte sur les éléments iconiques (couleurs et lignes) puis l'article se centre sur l'analyse des éléments textuels. Il montre le rôle joué par les mots-valeurs partagés (liberté, justice, progrès, etc.) dans une représentation du politique, les effets de conjoncture et de périodisation et les effets de définition de « socialistes ».DIEZ ANOS DE CARTELES DEL PARTIDO SOCIALISTA Los autores examinan 188 carteles del Partido socialista (1980-1989). Estudian, en primero, los elementos iconicos (colores, lineas) y luego, se concentran en el análisis de los elementos textuales. Seňalan el papel que desempeňan las palabras-valores (libertad, justicia, progreso, etc.) en una representación de lo politico, los efectos de la coyuntura y de la periodicidad y, los efectos de definición de « socialistas ».Freyssinet-Dominjon Jacqueline. Dix ans d'affiches du Parti socialiste (1980-1989). In: Mots, n°22, mars 1990. Le nouveau vocabulaire des socialistes français, sous la direction de Dominique Labbé et Maurice Tournier. pp. 43-61
Le monde enseignant dans le Monde de l'éducation : approche rhétorique de l'image dessinée du professeur
No full textThis is an analysis of the corpus of 144 cartoons from the monthly magazine, Le Monde de l'Éducation (1989-1994) explicitly staging teachers. After defining the clues and criteria which characterize the drawings representing teachers, the rhetorical analysis of the graphic message allows one to bring out three specific and contrasted aspects in respect to the magazine's written content : women are very discreet in the profile of the teaching corps ; there is a dramatisation of the situations ranging from the position of victimised teacher to the position of victimizing teacher ; the teacher is turned into a hero through drawings inspired by religious, literary or historical illustrations. Hardly any of the representations can be said to be devoid of ambivalence and exaggeration.Freyssinet Dominjon Jacqueline. Le monde enseignant dans le Monde de l'éducation : approche rhétorique de l'image dessinée du professeur. In: Recherche & Formation, N°21, 1996. Image des enseignants dans les médias. pp. 23-36
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
A Comparison of Three Techniques to Interact in Large Virtual Environments Using Haptic Devices with Limited Workspace
No full textThis paper describes an experiment that was conducted to evaluate three interaction techniques aiming at interacting with large virtual environments using haptic devices with limited workspace: the Scaling technique, the Clutching technique, and the Bubble technique. Participants were asked to paint a virtual model as fast and as precisely as possible inside a CAVE, using a “desktop” haptic device. The results showed that the Bubble technique enabled both the quickest and the most precise paintings. It was also the most appreciated technique
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
L'École est finie ? Contribution à l'analyse des représentations de la formation et du métier d'enseignant à partir d'une enquête auprès des directeurs d'école normale d'instituteurs
No full textTeacher training has just been shifted from the old training colleges to university- based institutes of education.
A recent inquiry highlights various findings. Those in charge of the new system have kept the traditional "normal" view of the elementary teacher as polyvalent more than specialized, engineer more than educational researcher, instructor more than transmitter of knowledge. The professional model, either pedagogical or sociopsychological, is well-inbedded in an authentic school-culture, mainly advocated by the ex-training-colleges headmasters.Au moment où de normal qu'il était le modèle de la formation des maîtres du premier degré devient universitaire, une enquête qualitative et quantitative fait apparaître divers résultats. Les responsables de cette formation partagent avec les normaliens une conception de la professionnalité de l'instituteur en termes de praticien polyvalent plutôt que spécialiste, ingénieur plutôt que chercheur en éducation, éveilleur ou éducateur plutôt que « transmetteur de connaissances ». Le modèle professionnel défendu, qu'il soit de type pédagogique ou psychosociologique, s'inscrit dans ce qui apparaît comme une véritable « culture d'école » dont les Directeurs d'École Normale se font majoritairement les défenseurs.Freyssinet Dominjon Jacqueline. L'École est finie ? Contribution à l'analyse des représentations de la formation et du métier d'enseignant à partir d'une enquête auprès des directeurs d'école normale d'instituteurs . In: Recherche & Formation, N°10, 1991. Tendances nouvelles de la formation des enseignants. pp. 37-49
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Polarization fluctuations in an epoxy system above and below the glass transition
No full textWe investigated the validity of the fluctuation dissipation theorem in
the structural glass former triphenylolmethane triglycidyl ether.
Polarization relaxation measurements were compared to the thermal
fluctuation of the polarization. We observed that above the glass
transition temperature, the fluctuation dissipation theorem is fully
verified, whereas below the glass transition temperature the power noise
spectrum measured subsequently to a temperature quench is more intense
than that expected from response measurements. The amplitude of the
fluctuation is distributed according to a non Gaussian distribution,
whose origin is not strictly related to the presence of intense noise
pulses
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