109 research outputs found
Letter from Satoko Gyokusen to Mrs. Ayame Okine, July 5, 1948 [in Japanese]
No full textA letter from Satoko Gyokusen in Hiroshima, Japan to her relative, Ayame Okine. She laments the difficulties of her life in post-war Japan. The letter is resealed with the tape, "OPENED BY MIL. CEN. CIVIL MAILS," and stamped with "C.C.D. J-4408" by the Civil Censorship Detachment.The Okine Collection contains materials collected by Seiichi and Tomeyo Okine who were Issei flower growers in Whittier, California. It includes correspondence, photographs, financial documents, and a photo album. A large portion of the collection consists of family correspondence with Seiichi and Tomeyo Okine, including letters from their Nisei children, Masao and Makoto Okine, both soldiers overseas during World War II, to their Issei parents incarcerated in the Rohwer incarceration camp in McGehee, Arkansas. The correspondence also includes letters from their relatives and friends who are former incarcerees in the camps during the war and have “resettled” in Chicago, Illinois as well as letters from the Okines’ family members in Hiroshima, Japan during the Allied occupation of Japan. In addition, the collection includes a family photo album compiled by Dorothy Ai Aoki, a Nisei daughter to the Okines
On the person marking system of Geshitsa verbs
No full textGeshitsa, which is generally regarded as a dialect of sTau (Daofu or Ergong), is one of the Tibeto-Burman languages spoken in 'the ethnic corridor of western Sichuan', China. It has the person-number marking system on verbs as do many of the neighbouring languages. The system of Geshitsa is especially complex among them--it can be considered as a mixed system. In this article, the author analyzes the person-number marking system of Geshitsa, and considers its characteristics contrasting with the neighbouring languages. The preceding study classifies the person-number marking patterns of Geshitsa into five types with some exceptions. It is, however, merely based on the number of the surface forms of each verb. In this article, the author classifies them into the following three types through phonological and morphological consideration. ・Type I : invariable. ・Type II : three variations of suffixation mark the person of the subject. ・Type III : five variations of suffixation mark the person and number (the number of the third person is indistinguishable). The prefix which indicates the person of the subject also can be added depending on the phonological conditions. This type is separated into two subtypes according to the agreement patterns : III-A : agrees with the subject only. III-B : agrees with both the subject and object. Some of the neighbouring languages also have mixed systems, but Geshitsa is the only language whose system splits lexically
Anxieties of Authorship, Critique of Readership: Mishima Yukio’s Modern Noh Play Genji kuyō
No full textMishima Yukio's dramatic suicide half a century ago ensured that his name would forever be associated with a certain fanatic imperialism, and largely fulfilled his own wish that he would die as a military man. And yet, he was until the end foremost a literary artist, concerned with the critical reception of his written works and preoccupied with his lasting reputation as an author. This paper examines Mishima’s portrayal of the celebrity writer, as well as the potentials and limitations of literature as presented in his oft-neglected modern noh play Genji kuyō (Devotional offering for Genji, 1962). It positions the play within the long history of prayers for Genji monogatari (The Tale of Genji, ca. 1008) that began in the twelfth century in response to the perceived ambiguous morality of the author Murasaki Shikibu (d. ca. 1014). Mishima's Genji kuyō provides a pointed criticism of readers, as well as anxieties regarding a writer's life and literary recognition. Though Mishima himself famously disowned it after its initial publication, Genji kuyō offers critical insights regarding the writing and reading of literature
A Tibetan pocketbook in a Russian manuscript collection (1)
No full textXT-67 is a Tibetan block-printed book from Khara-Khoto belonging to the St. Petersburg Branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences. Owing to its specific style, the book has been discussed in some preceding studies, however these have not elaborated on the detailed particulars. XT-67 consists of three Buddhist sutras. The first sutra (hereafter referred to as "XT67a") extends from the first frame (the right half of the original second folio) to the left half of the 13th frame (the left half of the original 27th folio). The author identified it as a kind of Nīlakantha. In the Tibetan Buddhist Canons, this is almost equivalent to "'phags pa spyan ras gzigs dbang phyug thugs rje chen po'i gzungs phan yon mdor bsdus pa zhes bya ba" (in Tibetan) or "Mahākārunika-nāmā-āryaavalokiteśvara-dhāranī anuśamsa-sahita-sūtrāt samgrhītā" (in Sanskrit) : ・ Peking edition : 8 (380) tsa 39b7-43a6 (40a1-b1, 40b6-41a5, 42b1-6) ・ sDe-dge edition : 6 (723) tsa 201b3-204a7 (201b4-202a3, 202a6-b5, 203b2-204a2)・It also corresponds to an abbreviated version of 千手千眼観世音菩薩広大円満無礙大悲心陀羅尼経 in the Chinese Buddhist Canon (Taisho 20 : No. 1060). This paper presents the full text of XT67a with annotations and translations. Its linguistic characteristics are also considered in the context of the history of the Tibetan language because the aspects of the language in the period when XT-67 was printed are unknown. This paper proves that the book is demonstrative of the transitional phase between Old Tibetan and Classical Tibetan. It basically follows the norm of Classical Tibetan, but it also retains some characteristics of the earlier stage : for example, the reversed i, palatalized m (my-), unassimilated enclitics, a few words, and the style of spelling
Sakaguchi Ango and his Flesh Literature
No full textSakaguchi Ango (1906-1955) was a Japanese author who prided himself on being a literary misfit. This is why many categorize his writing along with Dazai Osamu and Oda Sakunōsuke, as a part of the buraiha1 literary group. As a misfit, his writings presented original ideas for his generation, one of which is the idea of nikutai bungaku. Nikutai bungaku is a literary approach that features carnal bodily desires. This class of literature was formed after World War II, when a few authors such as Tamura Taijirō wrote stories and essays about men finding salvation and freedom from their situations through sexual relations with women. Ango responded to the idea of Japanese people finding freedom and believed that through the body humans would find freedom. Ango took the concept of nikutai bungaku and applied it to other areas besides sexual encounters with women. I use two of his famous essays, ― Nihon bunka shikan and ― Darakuron‖ to explain how Ango made use of the techniques of nikutai bungaku. Ango desired for Japanese people to be free in spirit and life. His remedy was for each person to live according to his/her bodily desires, and through that lifestyle Ango imagined a healthier country. In Part II, I have translated three writings by Ango that show his idea of the ― flesh is not completely limited to a man and a woman‘s carnal relationships. By reading some of his works, one can see the oddity and originality of his concepts
Cambodia after the Marketization of Its Economy : An Examination of Three Facets of Economic Development
No full textThis working paper is the product of a seminar entitled "Cambodian economy and society after the marketization its economy: an examination of three facets of economic development" which was held at the Center for Southeast Asian Studies (CSEAS), Kyoto University, in March 2010. Cambodia is well known as a country that experienced extreme social disruption in the 1970s, especially during the Pol Pot period of 1975-79. After the international isolation of the 1980s, the Cambodian government turned its policy toward the marketization of its economy in the 1989 constitution. With the national elections and birth of the new state in 1993, the country accelerated the pace of market integration. The seminar examined the various aspects of economic development of the country in recent years by inviting three researchers coming from different standpoints and interests. After an introductory note on the workshop's background (Dr. Kobayashi Satoru), this publication consists of five chapters written by the three speakers and two commentators in the seminar. Chapter 1 (Dr. Ngov Penghuy) examines the directions of the government's structural reform implemented after the national election in 1993, pointing out that the Cambodian government envisioned large-scale foreign capital as a driver of economic development from the outset of the marketization process. The chapter also describes the process of marketization from a macroeconomic perspective, paying special attention to the expansion of garment industry and its role in driving economic growth since the middle of the 1990s. Chapter 2 (Mr. Shibanuma Akira) examines the reality of more autonomous economic development in the country. Using a theory of development economics that focuses on the growth of domestic entrepreneurs, the author analyses the recent increase of small-scale garment factories run by families with some insights from preliminary research in Phnom Penh. The discussion is noteworthy because it examines the possibility of the spontaneous growth of Cambodian economy in an era of marketization. Chapter 3 (Ms. Kono Satoko) offers readers the third perspective on economic development: that is, social investment from foreign private companies into the local Cambodian businesses. According to the author, social investment aims for not only economic profits but also the realization of social goods such as poverty reduction and empowerment of woman. This perspective is quite important in Cambodia because it will facilitate more independent economic development, not relying on directly on the development aid schemes that dominate the economic development of donors and NGOs. Finally, the author describes her own experience in establishing a social investment company in Japan to respond to the needs of Cambodian social entrepreneur. Chapters 4 and 5 consist of the commentary following the previous three topics. Firstly, in Chapter 4, Dr. Yagura Kenjiro reviews the current situation of the Cambodian economy and concludes that the introduction of foreign capital is a practical policy approach to the development of Cambodian economy. At the same time, however, he emphasizes the need to promote a diversified manufacturing industry and suggests the importance of preparing the institutional environment for such entrepreneurs by, for example, reforming the domestic financing system. Finally, Chapter 5 (Mr. Yamada Hiroshi) adds analysis of political initiatives in the economic development of Cambodia. After reviewing the political process in the country after 1993 and studying the policy platform of the ii Cambodian People's Party (CPP) in 2003 and 2008, the author concludes that the CPP turned its attention from the stabilization of political rule at the national level towards national economic development in the beginning of the 2000s. The author also analyzes the characteristics of economic policy of the CPP in recent years and points out that the party is consciously drawing private business groups into party politics through such actions as nominating key businessperson to run for seats in the Senate. In other words, the CPP is currently seeking a way of directing and controlling economic development without showing the direct extent of its political control on the processes. According to the author, the party is steadily consolidating its influence and control of administrative procedures and domestic business groups, taking care to not oppose global standards associated with progress creating the institutions for democratic governance and a market economy
Sakaguchi Ango and his Flesh Literature
No full textSakaguchi Ango (1906-1955) was a Japanese author who prided himself on being a literary misfit. This is why many categorize his writing along with Dazai Osamu and Oda Sakunōsuke, as a part of the buraiha1 literary group. As a misfit, his writings presented original ideas for his generation, one of which is the idea of nikutai bungaku. Nikutai bungaku is a literary approach that features carnal bodily desires. This class of literature was formed after World War II, when a few authors such as Tamura Taijirō wrote stories and essays about men finding salvation and freedom from their situations through sexual relations with women. Ango responded to the idea of Japanese people finding freedom and believed that through the body humans would find freedom. Ango took the concept of nikutai bungaku and applied it to other areas besides sexual encounters with women. I use two of his famous essays, ― Nihon bunka shikan and ― Darakuron‖ to explain how Ango made use of the techniques of nikutai bungaku. Ango desired for Japanese people to be free in spirit and life. His remedy was for each person to live according to his/her bodily desires, and through that lifestyle Ango imagined a healthier country. In Part II, I have translated three writings by Ango that show his idea of the ― flesh is not completely limited to a man and a woman‘s carnal relationships. By reading some of his works, one can see the oddity and originality of his concepts
糖尿病罹患高齢者の健康関連QOL は合併する慢性疾患や老年症候群と独立している 藤原京スタディ
No full textBackground: Very few studies have investigated the association between diabetes and impaired health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in older adults, independent of chronic conditions and geriatric syndromes.
Methods: We conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey and structured interviews with 3946 people aged 65 years or older to obtain medical histories of diabetes, chronic conditions, and geriatric syndromes. Blood tests were performed to measure glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and plasma glucose levels. HRQOL was evaluated using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form General Health Survey (SF-36), and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios and 95% CIs for low HRQOL.
Results: A total of 3521 participants had not received a physician diagnosis of diabetes. Of these, 2345 participants with an HbA1c less than 5.7% were defined as the referent group. As compared with the referent group, 1029 participants with an HbA1c of at least 5.7% but less than 6.5% showed no significant decrease in QOL on the SF-36 physical, mental, and role component summaries, after adjustment for chronic conditions, geriatric syndromes, and other potential confounders. However, 572 patients who had received a physician diagnosis of diabetes and/or had an HbA1c of 6.5% or higher had a significantly higher adjusted odds ratio (1.48; 95% CI, 1.18–1.84) for the low physical component summary. No significant differences in relation to glycemic control, treatment regimen, or diabetes duration were found in any of the 3 component summaries among the 425 participants who were undergoing diabetes treatment.
Conclusions: Older Japanese adults with diabetes had decreased physical QOL, independent of chronic conditions and geriatric syndromes.博士（医学）・甲第609号・平成26年3月17日Copyright © 2014 Satoko Nezu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
The transcription factor Sp3 cooperates with HDAC2 to regulate synaptic function and plasticity in neurons
No full textThe histone deacetylase HDAC2, which negatively regulates synaptic gene expression and neuronal plasticity, is upregulated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and mouse models. Therapeutics targeting HDAC2 hold promise for ameliorating AD-related cognitive impairment; however, attempts to generate HDAC2-specific inhibitors have failed. Here, we take an integrative genomics approach to identify proteins that mediate HDAC2 recruitment to synaptic plasticity genes. Functional screening revealed that knockdown of the transcription factor Sp3 phenocopied HDAC2 knockdown and that Sp3 facilitated recruitment of HDAC2 to synaptic genes. Importantly, like HDAC2, Sp3 expression was elevated in AD patients and mouse models, where Sp3 knockdown ameliorated synaptic dysfunction. Furthermore, exogenous expression of an HDAC2 fragment containing the Sp3-binding domain restored synaptic plasticity and memory in a mouse model with severe neurodegeneration. Our findings indicate that targeting the HDAC2-Sp3 complex could enhance cognitive function without affecting HDAC2 function in other processes
書写素材史の研究 : 国東治兵衛著『紙漉重宝記』
No full textThe Japanese Manual on Papermaking,"Kamisuki Chohoki" was written by Jihei Kunisaki at Osaka in 1798.
The Manual explanes many techniques in the production of hand-made paper "Sekishu-washi" and illustrates about the equipment.
The present description is a report on the life of the author Jihei Kunisaki, the publishing background of his work and its block-books
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