SWAN Shimane University Web Archives of Knowledge
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エイコサペンタエン酸の抗脂肪形成作用に関する機序検討：PPARs およびcAMP シグナル伝達経路に着目して
No full textThe prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in Japan is rising, largely due to the westernization of dietary habits. Controlling adipogenesis is a key strategy for prevention. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, is known to exert anti-adipogenic effects; however, its detailed molecular mechanism during the critical “differentiation induction phase” remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate how EPA suppresses adipogenesis in 3T3- L1 cells, with a focus on the cAMP signaling pathway. Cells were treated with EPA (50 μM) exclusively during the 48- hour differentiation induction phase. Lipid accumulation was evaluated by Oil Red O staining, and signaling pathways were analyzed using specific antagonists and Western blotting. EPA treatment markedly reduced lipid accumulation. Since antagonists of PPARα and PPARγ also inhibited adipogenesis, EPA is unlikely to exert its effects through activation of these receptors. Mechanistically, EPA decreased PKA phosphorylation, suggesting reduced intracellular cAMP levels. This key finding of cAMP depletion implies a concurrent shutdown of cAMP‑dependent pathways, including Epac, which is essential for differentiation. We propose that EPA exerts its anti-adipogenic effect primarily by suppressing cAMP production via a Gαi-protein-coupled receptor mechanism, thereby inhibiting the initiation of adipogenesis. Keywords: Adipogenesis, cAMP, Eicosapentaenoic acid, Gαi-coupled receptor, Signal transductio
Inhibitory activity of Shikuwasa peel extract against the Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium buharicum
No full textFusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium buharicum, is an emerging disease of okra in Japan, first reported in 2018. It causes severe damage to seedlings. Current control strategies rely on chemical fungicides, but repeated use may reduce pathogen sensitivity. Plant secondary metabolites are promising sources of natural fungicidal compounds. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory activity of Shikuwasa peel extracts on F. buharicum. High-pressure extracts of Shikuwasa peel prepared at 200 °C for 1–3 h showed a time-dependent inhibition of conidial germination. Furthermore, volatile compounds from these extracts, tested using a two-compartment Petri dish method, significantly inhibited conidial germination and showed fungicidal activity. A GC–MS analysis identified 16 volatile compounds that increased after 3 h, with eucalyptol showing the largest rise. These findings indicate that Shikuwasa peel extract could serve as a promising natural control agent against Fusarium wilt in okra
副資材に竹チップを利用した堆肥製造の試み
No full textAbandoned bamboo forest is expanding and causes the social and environmental problems in Shimane Prefecture. We tried to find the way to utilize the expanding bamboo forest as resources, not as a troublemaker. Producing cow dung compost using bamboo culm chips is one of potential usage of bamboo in collaboration with husbandry in that area. We investigated the compost quality produced with various mixing ratio of fresh bamboo chips as an auxiliary material to cow dung. As results, highest temperature of the mixture of dung and bamboo chip was about 70℃ during the first stage of fermentation. However, aerating operation following the first fermentation resulted lowering temperature during secondary fermentation or later. Lower temperature following the first fermentation suggested that composting processes seemed to end incompletely. Produced compost was served for cultivation experiments with Japanese mustard spinach. These cultivation experiments showed that compost produced with higher proportion of bamboo chip leaded greater biomass of plants, implying the compost with bamboo chip might enhance the growth rate. Our results revealed the bamboo chip has certain potential to replace the rice straws or husks when the chips were used as an auxiliary material to produce the cow dung compost
算数科におけるバランス理論を視座とする説得の特徴
No full text 本研究では，他者の認識を変容させるうえで認識主体はどのような説得を試みたのか，また認識主体が説得を試みるうえで数学的対象にどのような価値を有していたかを捉えることを試みた．そこで，Heider のバランス理論を視座とし，本研究におけるPOX モデルを定め，インバランス状態からバランス状態に移行した話し合いを抽出し，そこでみられる説得が有すべき特徴について考察した．実験授業でみられた子ども同士の話し合いの分析結果からは，POXモデルにみる3 者関係がインバランス状態からバランス状態に移行する際，説得として，数学的ツールの活用による数学的根拠の明示に向けた試みが確かめられた．また，緊張が続くインバランス状態をバランス状態へと誘う仲介者の説得もみられ，この二点が確認された
Incorporating Authentic Materials into English Language Lessons
No full text 本報告書は、言語教育におけるオーセンティック・マテリアル（実際の素材）の定義を説明し、言語学習の向上および、母語話者が使用する実用的な英語を学生に体験させることを目的とした、授業での活用方法に関する実践的なアドバイスと例を提供する。特に、オーセンティック・マテリアルと教科書などの非オーセンティック・マテリアルを取り入れた授業の設計と計画についてアドバイスを提供する。本報告書に含まれる例やアドバイスは、日本で大学生に英語を教えた際の筆者の個人的な経験に基づいており、網羅的なものではない。本報告書の目的は、英語の母語話者と効果的にコミュニケーションを取るために必要な英語の応用を学生に学ばせたいと考えている語学教師に、提案やインスピレーションを提供することにある。This report explains the definition of authentic materials in language education and provides practical advice and an example regarding how to utilize these materials in lessons. In particular, this report offers advice on how to design and plan lessons that include both authentic materials and nonauthentic materials such as textbooks. The example and advice contained in this report are based on the author’s personal experiences teaching English as a foreign language to university students in Japan. The example and advice provided in this report are not exhaustive. The contents of this report are meant to provide suggestions and inspiration to language teachers who want to expose their students to real-world applications of English, the understanding of which is necessary to communicate effectively with native speakers
Education For All をめぐるグローバル・ガバナンスと各国教育政策の関係
No full text 本稿では、Education For All（EFA）をめぐるグローバル・ガバナンスと各国教育政策の関係について、EducationFor All（EFA）参画に向けた国際機関の動きを考察するとともに、「教育」「健康」を一体的に保障する取り組みが顕著にみられる東アジア諸国の取り組みについてグローバルとナショナルの関係から検討を行うものである。
1990 年代以降、Education For All（EFA）を契機として、グローバルな場面での連携ならびに協働、パートナーシップによる取り組みが行われており、特に、2005 年の「パリ宣言」以降、多様なアクターの参画が盛んにみられる。こうした動きがみられる中、Education For All（EFA）は、国連開発計画（UNDP）国連教育科学文化機関（UNESCO）、国連児童基金（UNICEF）、世界銀行の4 機関を中心として行う「教育」「健康」の一体的な保障に向けた理念であり、その具体的な取り組みの一つとして着目されているのがHealth Promoting School（HPS）である。このようなEducationFor All（EFA）への国際機関の参画ならびに、Health Promoting School（HPS）の東アジア諸国における取り組みからは、グローバル・ガバナンスとしての世界銀行の影響、さらには国際的な動向や国際機関との関係を踏まえた国内政策の実施等、グローバル・ガバナンスとしての国際機関、ナショナル・ガバナンスとしての関係各国のガバナンスの在り方や、その影響の立ち現われ方もさまざまな状況が看取された。東アジア諸国のグローバルとナショナルの関係やその様相は、「教育」「健康」の一体的な保障に向けたガバナンス構築に向けた課題も浮かび上がったいえよう。 「教育」「健康」の両立とその保障に向けて、グローバルとナショナルのそれぞれのガバナンスの関係をどのように捉えていくか、引き続き検討が必要である
Talkopoly for communicating collaboratively
No full textTalkopoly, a communication game which appears in Talk a Lot (Martin, 2003) is an adaptation of the board game Monopoly, with English practice questions instead of places, properties, and streets. Simple variety and range of questions on the game board(s) make it ideal for warm-ups, communication practice, and lesson reviews. The game can be modified to help reinforce recently learned grammar and vocabulary in a focused, collaborative, and enjoyable way