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抗ミトコンドリアM2抗体陽性筋炎は独立した自己免疫性筋炎のサブタイプであるかもしれない
Full text linkIt is still unknown whether anti-mitochondrial M2 antibody (AM2A)-positive myositis is an independent subtype of autoimmune myositis (AIM). As such, the aim of this study is to better characterize the clinicopathological features in a large cohort of patients. This study utilized the muscle biopsy samples from AM2A-positive patients, which were sent to the National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry for diagnostic purposes from January 2008 to December 2020. The clinicopathologic information of 201 patients were compared with those who were diagnosed with immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), anti-synthetase syndrome, or dermatomyositis. AM2A-positive patients had the longest pre-biopsy disease duration (PBDD) at 48.7 ± 63.0 months and the highest frequency of arrhythmia of 51.1%. Necrotic and/or regenerating fibers were
seen in 93.5% and membrane attack complex sarcolemmal deposits were noted in 43.3%, similar to IMNM. Furthermore, AM2A-positive patients with shorter PBDD showed more CD8-positive lymphocyte infiltrates. Clinically, shorter PBDD was associated with higher serum creatine kinase levels, whereas longer PBDD was associated with a higher frequency of arrhythmia. Principal component analysis separated disease groups with high weight of muscle pathology components on two-dimensional plotting, although AM2A-positive myositis and IMNM partly overlapped. On logistic regression model analysis, we obtained high sensitivity (0.846) and specificity (0.842) for distinguishing them using clinical and pathological variables. This largest cohort study suggests that AM2A-positive myositis may be an independent subtype of AIM characterized
by a chronic myositis with IMNM-like pathology, along with a high prevalence of cardiac involvement and respiratory muscle weakness.権利情報：© 2025, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Natur
若年成人のソーシャルメディア上でのゲームコンテンツに対する神経反応
Full text linkExcessive gaming can impair both mental and physical health, drawing widespread public and clinical attention, especially among young generations. People are now more exposed to gaming-related content on social media
than before, and this exposure may have a significant impact on their behavior. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this effect remain unexplored. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), this study aimed
to investigate the neural activity induced by gaming-related content on social media among young adults casually playing online games. While being assessed by fMRI, the participants watched gaming-related videos and neutral (nongaming) videos on social media. The gaming-related cues significantly activated several brain areas, including the medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, superior/middle temporal gyrus, precuneus and occipital regions, compared with the neutral cues. Additionally, the participants’ gaming desire levels positively correlated with a gaming-related cue–induced activation in the left
orbitofrontal cortex and the right superior temporal gyrus. These findings extend previous studies on gaming cues and provide useful information to elucidate the effects of gaming-related content on social media in young
adults. Continued research using real-world gaming cues may help improve our understanding of promoting gaming habits and provide support to individuals vulnerable to gaming addiction.権利情報：© 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
カボザンチニブは、肝星細胞とマクロファージの活性化を阻害し、血管新生活性を減弱することで代謝機能障害関連脂肪肝の進展を抑制する
Full text linkCabozantinib, a multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting AXL, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), and MET, is used clinically to treat certain cancers, including hepato cellular carcinoma. This study aimed to assess the impact of cabozantinib on liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis in a rat model of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). MASH-based liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis were induced in rats by feeding them a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) for eight and 16 weeks, respectively. Cabozantinib (1 or 2 mg/kg, daily) was administered concurrently with the diet in the fibrosis model and after eight weeks in the carcinogenesis model. Treatment with cabozantinib significantly attenuated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis without affecting hepatocyte steatosis and ballooning in CDAHFD-fed rats. Cabozantinib-treated rats exhibited a marked reduction in α-smooth muscle actin+ activated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) expansion, CD68+ macrophage infiltration, and CD34+ pathological angiogenesis, along with reduced hepatic AXL, VEGF, and VEGFR2 expression. Consistently, cabozantinib downregulated the hepatic expression
of profibrogenic markers (Acta2, Col1a1, Tgfb1), inflammatory cytokines (Tnfa, Il1b, Il6), and proangiogenic markers (Vegfa, Vwf, Ang2). In a cell-based assay of human activated HSCs, cabozantinib inhibited Akt activation induced by GAS6, a ligand of AXL, leading to reduced cell proliferation and profibrogenic activity. Cabozantinib also suppressed lipopolysaccharide induced proinflammatory responses in human macrophages, VEGFA-induced collagen expres sion and proliferation in activated HSCs, and VEGFA-stimulated proliferation in vascular endothelial cells. Meanwhile, administration of cabozantinib did not affect Ki67+ hepatocyte proliferation or serum albumin levels, indicating no negative impact on regenerative capacity. Treatment with cabozantinib also reduced the placental glutathione transferase+ preneoplastic
lesions in CDAHFD-fed rats. In conclusion, cabozantinib shows promise as a novel option for preventing MASH progression.権利情報：© 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
ラット心停止モデルにおける人工赤血球(Hemoglobin Vesicles)投与による神経学的予後改善
Full text linkAim: To investigate the effects of hemoglobin vesicles (HbVs) in preventing hypoxic brain injury after cardiac arrest in a rat model of asphyxia-related cardiac arrest.
Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: HbV (n = 18), control (n = 29), and sham (n = 7). Respiratory arrest was induced using muscle relaxants under ventilation. Cardiac arrest occurred 3–4 min later. After 8 min, HbV or saline, adrenaline, and sodium bicarbonate were administered, followed by chest compressions and ventilation. Resuscitation was deemed successful with a mean arterial pressure > 60 mmHg sustained
for at least 5 min. Behavioral and histopathological evaluations were performed 7 days later.
Results: Survival rates were 39 % and 24 % in the HbV and control groups, respectively (P = 0.308). Motor activity scores and spatial memory were significantly higher in the HbV group (P < 0.001). Hippocampal CA1
region staining indicated significantly less neuropathy in the HbV group (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: The administration of HbVs during resuscitation was effective in mitigating brain damage after whole-brain ischemia in rats, as demonstrated by improved histopathological and neurological outcomes. This suggests potential neurological benefits for patients during resuscitation, although further research in larger animal models is required to validate these findings.権利情報：© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This article is available under the Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND license and permits non-commercial use of the work as published, without adaptation or alteration provided the work is fully attributed
緑内障患者の内因性光感受性網膜神経節細胞機能と睡眠の質の関連 : The LIGHT Study
Full text linkPURPOSE. This study aimed to investigate whether intrinsically photosensitive retinal
ganglion cell function evaluated using post-illumination pupil response (PIPR) in patients
with glaucoma is associated with sleep quality.
METHODS. This cross-sectional study measured the PIPR in 138 patients with glaucoma
(mean age, 70.3 years) using pupil diameter after red and blue light exposure. The net
PIPR change was classified into three groups according to tertiles (i.e., low, intermediate,
and high groups), with lower net PIPR change indicating lower intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell (ipRGC) function. Subjective and objective sleep qualities were
assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire and actigraphy,
respectively, with a total PSQI score of ≥6 indicating sleep disturbance.
RESULTS. The prevalence of subjective sleep disturbance significantly increased with
decreasing tertile groups of net PIPR change (P = 0.036). Subgroup analysis obtained the same results in the severe glaucoma group (P = 0.004) but not in the non-severe glaucoma group. In the severe glaucoma group, multivariable logistic regression analysis
adjusted for potential confounders showed a higher odds ratio for subjective sleep disturbance in the low-tertile group of net PIPR compared with the high-tertile group (odds
ratio = 6.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.76–21.90; P = 0.004). Significant associations
between PIPR and objective sleep quality (total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and wake after sleep onset) were found in the severe glaucoma group (P = 0.015, P = 0.013, and P = 0.015, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS. The PIPR in patients with glaucoma was significantly associated with decreased sleep quality, independent of potential confounders.権利情報：© 2023 The Authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License
Understanding the Subject in Nursing Art
Full text link近年の科学技術の発展は目覚ましく、2045年には人工知能(Artificial Intelligence: AI)
が人の知性を超える「技術的特異点(Technological Singularity)」シンギュラリティを迎える
(Ray Kurzweil, 2007.浅井， 2018)といわれている。すなわちあと数年でAIと人間は同等
レベル（プレ・シンギュラリティ）となり、今後20年AIの活躍は人の生活において今よりも目を
見張る世界となるだろう。20年前に道で人が携帯電話（現在のスマートフォン）に相談している
姿を想像できただろうか。冗談でささやかれていたことが現実味を帯びた中で、私たち看護職
者は「新しい技術」と「受け継がれてきた哲学」との間で何を取り入れ何を残す必要があるのか
を考えてみたい。実際、医療業界の科学技術発展による躍進は、外科手術が開腹手術から腹
腔鏡手術、Da Vinciによるロボット手術になるなど、ここ20年での変化は目覚ましいものがあ
る。科学技術が発展していく世界で、看護の対象とされる個人、家族、集団、コミュニティの中
から、看護者と個人：対象者の間を繋ぐ基盤としての対象理解に着目し一部インタビュー内容
を交えながら再考した
Nurturing Academic Vocabulary Knowledge Growth with Learner-Inspired Materials
Full text linkHaving knowledge of the meaning and appropriate use of academic
vocabulary can be crucial in learnersʼ academic success. However, finding
or creating materials to assist academic vocabulary learning that are at
an appropriate level and that also stimulate ESL/EFL learners can be a
tremendous challenge for teachers. This paper examines the development
of a learner-inspired, fictional graded reader series that incorporates (and
systematically recycles) all of Coxheadʼs (2000) Academic Word List items.
Its implementation in a Japanese medical university EAP course resulted in
positive feedback from learners and also substantial academic vocabulary
knowledge growth. And despite the potential for generative AI to develop
similar learning materials, our experiment using ChatGPT (with a variety
of prompt configurations) revealed that it was not able to successfully
produce similarly graded reading materials. Thus, teachers may still have
an important role as moderators in managing generative AIʼs output of
learning materials
カプリル酸は心筋細胞におけるHigh Mobility Group Box-1誘導性ミトコンドリア障害を抑制する
Full text linkMyocardial damage significantly impacts the prognosis of patients with cancer; however,
the mechanisms of myocardial damage induced by cancer and its treatment remain unknown. We
previously reported that medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) improve cancer-induced myocardial
damage but did not evaluate the differences in effect according to MCFA type. Therefore, this
study investigated the role of inflammatory cytokines in cancer-induced myocardial damage and the effects of three types of MCFAs (caprylic acid [C8], capric acid [C10], and lauric acid [C12]). In a mouse model, the C8 diet showed a greater effect on improving myocardial damage compared with C10 and C12 diets. Myocardial tubes differentiated from H9C2 cardiomyoblasts demonstrated increased mitochondrial oxidative stress, decreased membrane potential and mitochondrial volume,
and inhibited myocardial tube differentiation following treatment with high-mobility group box-1(HMGB1) but not interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α cytokines. However, HMGB1 treatment combined with C8 improved HMGB1-induced mitochondrial damage, enhanced autophagy, and increased mitochondrial biogenesis and maturation. However, these effects were only partial when combined with beta-hydroxybutyrate, a C8 metabolite. Thus, HMGB1 may play an important role in cancer-related myocardial damage. C8 counteracts HMGB1’s effects and improves cancer-related
myocardial damage. Further clinical studies are required to investigate the effects of C8.権利情報：© 2024 by the authors.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
