260 research outputs found
Un historien et anthropologue sénégalais : Shaikh Musa Kamara.
No full textD. Robinson — A Senegalese Historian and Anthropologist : Shaikh Musa Kamara.
The author draws the historical background and the geographical setting of Shaikh Musa Kamara's life and regrets that, notwithstanding his being a prolific historian of the Fuuta Tooro, he be so unrecognized. Robinson recounts his life and divides it in three large periods: the thirty initial years, with a studious youth and three marking influences; the time at the beginning of the colonial period, which is not very well known; and the twenty-five last years when he took up writing. The article presents Kamara's works, their characteristics and topics. A complete list of his manuscripts and a detailed table of contents of his materpiece, the Zuhur, are appended.Robinson David. Un historien et anthropologue sénégalais : Shaikh Musa Kamara.. In: Cahiers d'études africaines, vol. 28, n°109, 1988. Mémoires, Histoires, Identités II. pp. 89-116
Estudo da atividade biológica de Baccharis articulata, Musa x paradisiaca e rutina na homeostasia da glicose em modelos experimentais in vivo e in vitro
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em FarmáciaA insulina é o principal hormônio anabólico responsável pelo controle da captação, utilização e armazenamento dos nutrientes celulares como carboidratos, proteínas e lipídios, sendo essencial para a manutenção da homeostasia da glicose, o crescimento e diferenciação celular. Defeitos na ação e/ou na secreção de insulina podem levar à hiperglicemia, característica da diabetes melito. A diabetes melito é uma patologia complexa e multifatorial de elevada morbidade e mortalidade e, por esse motivo, é considerada uma epidemia, caracterizando um problema de saúde pública mundial. Muitas plantas são conhecidas na medicina popular de diferentes culturas pelas propriedades hipoglicemiantes e tem um uso crescente no tratamento da diabetes. Os compostos fenólicos derivados de plantas, especialmente os flavonóides, apresentam diversas propriedades e tem um potencial terapêutico muito investigado. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar o efeito de extratos e frações de Bacharis articulata (carqueja) e de Musa x paradisiaca (banana), assim como do flavonóide rutina, na homeostasia da glicose em modelos experimentais in vivo e in vitro. As duas espécies foram avaliadas quanto às atividades anti-hiperglicêmica e/ou hipoglicemiante na curva de tolerância à glicose e em modelos de diabetes induzidos experimentalmente, como a secreção de insulina, o conteúdo de glicogênio hepático e muscular, a inibição das enzimas ?-glicosidases e a propriedade anti-glicação, assim como o conteúdo de flavonóides. Além disso, foi estudado o mecanismo de ação da rutina na captação de glicose e de cálcio em músculo sóleo, e também a secreção de insulina in vivo e o mecanismo de ação da rutina na captação de cálcio em ilhotas pancreáticas isoladas. Para tanto, foram utilizados ratos Wistar machos entre 50-55 dias de idade. Para a realização da curva de tolerância à glicose as coletas de sangue, para determinação da glicose e insulina sérica, foram realizadas nos tempos zero, 15, 30, 60, 120 e 180 minutos. Nos ensaios para a determinação do conteúdo de glicogênio os tecidos foram retirados dos animais 3 h após os tratamentos. As atividades das dissacaridases intestinais e a propriedade anti-glicação foram realizadas in vitro. A captação de 14C-glicose e de 45-cálcio (45Ca2+) foi estudada após a incubação do músculo sóleo com a rutina. As ilhotas pancreáticas foram isoladas e incubadas com 45Ca2+ e rutina, na presença ou não de diferentes inibidores e ativadores. Os extratos brutos, as frações n-butanol e residual aquosa de B. articulata e de M. x paradisiaca reduziram significativamente a glicemia de ratos normais hiperglicêmicos e potencializaram a secreção de insulina induzida por glicose. Além disso, observou-se um aumento no conteúdo de glicogênio no músculo sóleo e fígado após os tratamentos, principalmente com as frações n-butanol das duas espécies vegetais. Os extratos e as frações reduziram a atividade da maltase e preveniram a glicação. A rutina estimulou a captação de glicose e cálcio no músculo, estimulando a captação de glicose através da ativação de uma via insulinomimética e uma via independente da sinalização clássica da insulina. Além disso, a rutina estimulou a secreção de insulina in vivo e a captação de cálcio em ilhotas pancreática isoladas, atuando como um potencial agente secretagogo de insulina. Desta forma, apoiado nos resultados obtidos neste trabalho, propõe-se que as espécies vegetais, Baccharis articulata e Musa x paradisiaca, e o flavonóide rutina aqui estudados possam regular a homeostasia da glicose. Os mecanismos envolvem a inibição da enzima que permite a absorção intestinal da glicose, a inibição da glicação, o estímulo da secreção de insulina e o aumento na utilização de glicose pelos tecidos periféricos, evidenciando que estas duas espécies e a rutina podem atuar por múltiplos mecanismos de ação para regular a homeostasia da glicose e colaborar na prevenção das complicações da diabetes.Insulin is the main anabolic hormone responsible for controlling the uptake, use and storage of cellular nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. It is essential for the maintenance of glucose homeostasis, growth and cellular differentiation. Defects in action and / or secretion of insulin may lead to hyperglycemia, which characterizes diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is a complex and multifactorial disease with high morbidity and mortality, therefore is considered epidemic causing a public health problem worldwide. Many plants are known in folk medicine of different cultures for their hypoglycemic properties showing an increasing use in the treatment of diabetes. The plant-derived phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids, have several properties and their therapeutic potential has been investigated. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of extracts and fractions of Baccharis articulata ("carqueja") and Musa x paradisiaca ("banana"), as well as the flavonoid rutin, in glucose homeostasis using in vivo and in vitro experimental models. Antihyperglycemic and / or hypoglycemic activity in the curve of glucose tolerance and in models of experimentally induced diabetes, insulin secretion, the hepatic glycogen content and muscle, inhibition of the enzymes á-glucosidases and anti-glycation property were investigated, as well as the content of flavonoids. In addition, was also studied the mechanism of action of rutin in glucose and calcium uptake in soleus muscle, and also the in vivo insulin secretion and the mechanism of action of rutin on calcium uptake in rat isolated pancreatic islets. For in vivo experiments, Wistar male rats with 50-55 days of age were used. To glycemia and serum insulin determination blood samples were collected at zero, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min in glucose tolerance curve. Tissues were removed from animals 3 h after oral administration of treatments to determine glycogen contents. The intestinal disaccharidases activities and anti-glycation property were performed in vitro. The glucose and calcium uptake was studied after incubation of the soleus muscle with rutin, in the presence or not of different inhibitors and of 14C-glucose or calcium (45Ca2+). The pancreatic islets were isolated and incubated with 45Ca2+ and rutin in the presence or absence of various inhibitors or activators. The crude extracts and n-butanol and residual aqueous fractions of B. articulata and of M. x paradisiaca showed potential anti-hyperglycemic activity in hyperglycemic normal rats and potentiated glucose-induced insulin secretion. Additionaly, it was observed an increase on glycogen content in muscle and liver after treatments, mainly with the n-butanol fractions of two species. The extracts and fractions reduced the activity of maltase and prevented glycation. Also, rutin stimulated glucose and calcium uptake in soleus muscle, stimulating glucose uptake via activation of an insulin-mimetic and an insulin-independent signaling pathways. Additionally, rutin stimulated insulin secretion in vivo and calcium uptake in isolated pancreatic islets, as a potential insulin secretagogue agent. Thus, these results suggest that Baccharis articulata, M. x paradisiaca and rutin are able to regulate glucose homeostasis. The mechanisms involve the inhibition of the enzyme that allows the intestinal absorption of glucose, the inhibition of glycation, the stimulation of insulin secretion and increase in glucose utilization by peripheral tissues showed that these plant species and rutin may act by multiple mechanisms of action to regulate glucose homeostasis, thereby contributing to the prevention of diabetes-related complications
Secondary Alcohol Dehydrogenase
No full textRacemization of enantiopure alcohols is the key step to accomplish a dynamic kinetic resolution, and thus overcome the intrinsic drawback of 50 % yield with high enantioselectivity that is associated with kinetic resolution. Herein, the concurrent use of I86A and W110G mutants of Thermoanaerobacter pseudoethanolicus secondary alcohol dehydrogenase (TeSADH) in racemization of enantiopure phenyl-ring-containing alcohols is reported. The efficiency of this bienzymatic racemization approach is also compared with that reported previously using W110G TeSADH and is marginally more efficient.The author gratefully acknowledges funding by Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), project number DF191007. The author also thanks Professor Claire Vieille, from the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at Michigan State University, for providing the plasmid of TeSADH, and Professor Samir M. Hamdan, from the Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, for providing purified TeSADH mutants
Developing markers for Sigatoka leaf spot disease(MycosphaerellamusicolaLeach) resistance in banana(Musa spp.)
No full textBanana and plantain (Musa spp. Linn) are important
staple and cash crops that grow in the humid regions of
Africa, America and Asia (Robinson, 1996). Worldwide
annual production is estimated to be 400 million tons (Till
et al., 2010). Approximately, 90% of the total production
serves as food for domestic consumption. The impact of
diseases and pests, especially Sigatoka leaf spots has
been recognized as a serious constraint to Musa
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].
production in different parts of the world (Blomme et al.,
2011). In particular, Sigatoka leaf spot (Mycosphaerella
musicola Leach) has become prevalent especially in
areas where black Sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis
Morelet) is absent and this limits efficient production.
Breeding for resistance has been credited as the most
appropriate and effective method to control Musa
diseases.Sigatoka leaf spot (Mycosphaerella musicola Leach) disease is a limiting factor in banana production in
India and other places. Breeding for resistance is the most effective method to control Musa diseases.
However, Musa improvement using conventional methods has been hampered due to lack of genetic
variability, resulting to biotechnological approaches. In this regard, marker-assisted selection has
become a reliable method to improve disease resistance in Musa. The objective of this study was to
identify markers that may be linked to Sigatoka leaf spot disease in Musa, using RAPDs and converting
such into sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR). Consequently, a total of 102 oligonucleotide
OPERON primer pairs were used to screen genomic DNA from two resistant cultivars: Calcutta 4 (Musa
acuminate, AA) and Manoranjitham (AAA), and two susceptible cultivars Anaikomban (AA) and Grande
Naine (AAA) with only 11 (10.8%) of the primers being polymorphic. Eventually, OPK 01 and OPK 11
primers in Calcutta 4 were eluted, but only OPK 11 was sequenced and cloned using pGEM-2T vector,
resulting to a band size of 4.3 KB, and the development of two SCAR markers. A FASTA search in the
Musa genome database could not identify corresponding gene sequences that show homology with the
sequenced PCR fragment. Finally, the SCAR marker was used to amplify genomic DNA from the
segregating population which could not discriminate between resistant and susceptible samples. This
may be due to amplification conditions, limited number of primers and most importantly, the absence of
tight linkage with the gene of interest. In conclusion, it may be necessary to screen the segregating
population with more reliable and reproducible amplified fragment length polymorphism
Effect of 1-month war in Lebanon on sex ratio
No full textOur study showed no effect of 33-day war in Lebanon on sex ratio. More research is needed to explore other modifying factors for a better understanding of the complex effect of wars on sex ratio changes. © 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine.Abu-Musa A, 2008, REPROD BIOMED ONLINE, V17, P21; Abu-Musa AA, 2007, FERTIL STERIL, V88, P1579, DOI 10.1016-j.fertnstert.2007.01.067; Ansari-Lari M, 2002, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V56, P622, DOI 10.1136-jech.56.8.622; Bisioli C, 2004, HUM REPROD, V19, P218, DOI 10.1093-humrep-deh027; *CAP OCHA, 2006, LEB CRIS FLASH APP; Catalano R., 2003, HUM REPROD, V9, P1972; Catalano RA, 2005, SOC SCI MED, V60, P537, DOI 10.1016-j.socscimed.2004.06.008; *CENTR ADM STAT PR, LEB REP; Fukuda M, 1996, HUM REPROD, V11, P1244; Fukuda M, 1998, HUM REPROD, V13, P2321, DOI 10.1093-humrep-13.8.2321; Graffelman J, 2000, HUM BIOL, V72, P433; Grech V, 2000, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V54, P244, DOI 10.1136-jech.54.4.244; Hansen D, 1999, BRIT MED J, V319, P548; Hilsenrath RE, 1997, FERTIL STERIL, V68, P510, DOI 10.1016-S0015-0282(97)00247-1; Jacobsen R, 2000, HUM REPROD, V15, P2369, DOI 10.1093-humrep-15.11.2369; James WH, 2004, HUM REPROD, V19, DOI 10.1093-humrep-deh261; James WH, 2004, HUM REPROD, V19, P1250, DOI 10.1093-humrep-deh245; James WH, 2003, HUM REPROD, V18, P1133, DOI 10.1093-humrep-deg220; Mathews T J, 2005, Natl Vital Stat Rep, V53, P1; Mocarelli P, 2000, LANCET, V355, P1858, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(00)02290-X; Moller H, 1996, LANCET, V348, P828, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(05)65253-1; Polasek O, 2005, HUM REPROD, V20, P2489, DOI 10.1093-humrep-dei097; Safarinejad MR, 2001, UROLOGY, V58, P90, DOI 10.1016-S0090-4295(01)01085-8; Shearer D, 2007, DISASTERS, V31, P336, DOI 10.1111-j.0361-3666.2007.01012.x; vandenBroek JM, 1997, LANCET, V349, P805, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(05)60234-6; Zorn B, 2002, HUM REPROD, V17, P3173, DOI 10.1093-humrep-17.12.317311
The use of the GlideScope to facilitate nasotracheal intubation: In patients with a difficult airway
No full text[No abstract available]Cooper RM, 2005, CAN J ANAESTH, V52, P191; Muallem Musa, 2000, Middle East Journal of Anesthesiology, V15, P687; Muallem M, 2007, CAN J ANAESTH, V54, P77; Pandian A, 2008, EUR J ANAESTH, V25, P511, DOI 10.1017-S026502150700290632
Wealth, household heterogeneity and livelihood diversification of Fulani pastoralists in the Kachia Grazing Reserve, northern Nigeria, during a period of social transition
No full textBACKGROUND: A mixed methods study was undertaken in the Kachia Grazing Reserve of northern Nigeria. Surveys in March, June and October 2011 included focus group discussions, key informant and in-depth household interviews, concerning livelihood practices, animal health, ownership, and productivity. In May 2011, 249 Fulani families fleeing post-election violence entered the reserve with their livestock, increasing the number of households by one third.RESULTS: Despite being settled within a grazing reserve, over half of households sent all their cattle away on seasonal transhumance and another third sent some away. Cattle accounted for 96% of total tropical livestock units (TLU), of which 26% were cattle kept permanently outside the reserve. While all households cited livestock as their main source of income, 90% grew crops and 55% derived income from off-farm activities. A multiple correspondence analysis showed that for each extra member of a household its TLU value increased by 2.0 [95% CI, 1.4-2.7], while for each additional marriage its TLU increased by 15.7 [95% CI, 7.1-24.3]. A strong association was also observed between small herds, small households with only one wife, alongside marked geographical wealth differences within the reserve. New immigrant families had larger household sizes (33) and livestock holdings (122 TLU) than old settlers (22 people and 67 TLU). Prior to the mass immigration, the distribution of TLU per person was unimodal: 41% of households were classified as 'poor' and 27% as 'medium', whereas post-immigration it was bi-modal, with 26% classified as 'very poor' and 28% as 'medium'.CONCLUSIONS: While cattle remain the principal source of Fulani income and wealth, the inhabitants of Kachia Grazing Reserve have diversified their livelihood strategies to respond to changing circumstances and stress, especially the limited availability of grazing within the reserve and political insecurity outside, resulting in continued transhumance, the maintenance of smaller livestock holdings and pushing households into poverty.</p
Mobile mpox detection system Supplementary Material
No full textThis repository contains the supplementary material accompanying the paper named: A Transfer Learning and Explainable Solution to Detect mpox from Smartphones images. Specifically, here can be found all the scripts to replicate the experiments and figures/tables presented in the manuscript.
Please, refer to the README.md file for more details.This work was produced with the co-funding European Union - Next Generation EU, in the context of The National Recovery and Resilience Plan. The funding derives partially from Investment 1.5 Ecosystems of Innovation, Project Tuscany Health Ecosystem (THE), CUP: B83C22003920001 in which the authors M. G. Campana and F. Delmastro are involved, from Project MUSA – Multilayered Urban Sustainability Action in the Investment 1.5 Ecosystems of Innovation in which the author S. Mascetti is involved, and from the Research and Innovation Program PE00000014, ``SEcurity and RIghts in the CyberSpace (SERICS)'', CUP: J33C22002810001, in which the author E. Pagani is involved
Integrasi Ilmu dalam Kisah Nabi Musa dan Nabi Khidir dalam Q.S. Al-Kahfī [18]: 60-82
No full textThis study focuses on analyzing the story of the prophet Musa and the prophet Khidir in Q.S. al-Kahfī [18]: 60-82. The aim is to uncover and discover the branches of disciplines that are integrated into it, both general science and a religious science. This is important in order to understand a story in the Qur'an holistically and comprehensively. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach using library research and data analysis using content analysis methods. The results of this study indicate that the story of the prophet Musa and the prophet Khidir contains several integrated scientific disciplines. For example, when the prophet Khidir made the decision to leak the boat, he had considered the risks he faced. First, if the boat is not leaked it will be confiscated and will never be returned so that the boat owner loses his job. Second, if the boat is leaked then the boat is damaged. Both of these decisions have risks, but the prophet Khidir took a less risky decision, which was to leak the boat. In this story, there are disciplines that are integrated with it, namely Management science which is illustrated by two points, namely; decision making and risk management. In addition, the author also identifies the existence of various other disciplines such as; Sufism, psychology, education and logic
Author Correction: Hypoxia induces histone clipping and H3K4me3 loss in neutrophil progenitors resulting in long-term impairment of neutrophil immunity
No full textCorrection to: Nature Immunology https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-025-02301-9, published online 28 October 2025.
In the version of this article initially published, the surname of Musa M. Mhlanga was misspelled (Mhalanga) and is now amended in the HTML and PDF versions of the article
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