26 research outputs found
THE EFFECTIVENESS COMBINATION OF RESISTANT VARIETIES AND METALAXIL FUNGICIDE IN CONTROLLING DOWNY MILDEW DISEASE (Peronosclerospora maydis) IN MAIZE PLANT
No full textEFEKTIVITAS BIOPESTISIDA BACILLUS SUBTILIS BNt 8 DAN PESTISIDA NABATI UNTUK PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT HAWAR PELEPAH DAN UPIH DAUN JAGUNG
Full text linkEffectiveness of the biopesticide of Bacillus subtilis BNt 8 and botanical pesticide in controlling banded leaf and sheath blight disease on maize. Banded leaf and sheath blight disease (BLSB) caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani is difficult to control because it pertained soil borne fungus that can survive in a long time in the soil. Control the disease with synthetic pesticide causing contamination to the environment, so that an environmentally friendly alternative control is needed. This study aimed to obtain a Bacillus subtilis formulation as biological agents and selected botanical pesticides that effective to control BLSB in the field. The study was conducted at the Plant Pathology Laboratory of Indonesia Cereals Research Institutein Maros and at the Bajeng Experimental Farm in Gowa, held from February to August 2015. The reatments consists of several botanical pesticides, B. subtilis formulation, a synthetic fungicide, positive and negative controls. In vitro test was inhibition test between botanical pesticide with R. solani and antagonistic test between the B. subtilis and botanical pesticides, each of them consists of 6 treatments and 3 replications, while the field activity consists of test of effectiveness of single treatment and combination between B. subtilis formulation and botanical pesticides. The results showed that combination of formulated B. subtilis with botanical pesticide of cloves leaves, betel leaves, and turmeric were not significantly different from single treatment of formulated B. subtilis and botanical pesticides. Formulated B. subtilis suppressed the severity of BLSB as much as 39.1% and yield reached 8.4 t/ha.</jats:p
Evaluasi Ketahanan Genotipe Jagung Hibrida terhadap Penyakit Hawar Daun Maydis dan Karat Daun
Full text linkMirsam H, Suriani S, Makkulawu AT, Djaenuddin N, Abdullah F. 2021. Evaluation of resistance of hybrid corn genotypes against leaf blight and leaf rust diseases. In: Herlinda S et al. (Eds.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal ke-9 Tahun 2021, Palembang 20 Oktober 2021. pp. 305-313. Palembang: Penerbit & Percetakan Universitas Sriwijaya (UNSRI).Plant pathogens are one of the causes of corn yield loss in Indonesia. Evaluation of the resistance of hybrid maize genotypes against major pathogens is deemed necessary as the first step in the management of the pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance reaction of the prospective hybrid corn varieties against the primary disease of corn. This study was conducted at two different locations. The location was at the Agricultural Technology Research and Assessment Installation (ATRAI) of the Indonesian Cereals Research Institute in Bajeng District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi. The study was conducted using spreader row plants as a source of inoculum for the test pathogen that planted around the experimental block. Spreader rows were inoculated with conidia suspension of the fungus Bipolaris maydis for leaf blight and the pathogen Puccinia polysora for leaf rust in the afternoon with a spore density of about 6 x104 conidia/ml. The results showed that there were 16 genotypes reacted moderately resistant and 7 genotypes reacted susceptible against B. maydis. In addition, there were 11 genotypes reacted moderately resistance and 12 genotypes that reacted susceptible against P. polysora
Efektivitas Formula Bacillus subtilis TM4 untuk Pengendalian Penyakit pada Tanaman Jagung
Full text linkBanded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) and maydis leaf blight (MLB) caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Bipolaris maydis, respectively are considered as important diseases in maize. The use of biopesticides is an alternative method to control the diseases. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of bacterial formula Bacillus subtilis to inhibit the development of BLSB and MLB on the plant. Testing of biopesticide formula was done in two different applications, i.e. seed treatment for BLSB control and leaf spraying in the field for MLB. The results showed that the B.subtilis formula effectively suppressed the development of BLSB but it was not effectively suppressed the development of MLB .
Key words: Bacillus subtilis, biopesticide, Bipolaris maydis, leaf blight disease
Banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) and maydis leaf blight (MLB) caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Bipolaris maydis, respectively are considered as important diseases in maize. The use of biopesticides is an alternative method to control the diseases. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of bacterial formula Bacillus subtilis to inhibit the development of BLSB and MLB on the plant. Testing of biopesticide formula was done in two different applications, i.e. seed treatment for BLSB control and leaf spraying in the field for MLB. The results showed that the B.subtilis formula effectively suppressed the development of BLSB but it was not effectively suppressed the development of MLB
Isolasi dan Uji Efektivitas Beberapa Isolat Dekomposer Lokal dalam Mendekomposisi Limbah Tanaman Jagung
Full text linkSoil microorganisms are able to digest and degrade organic material present in the environment in to substances that available for plants to absorb. This research aimed to isolate and examine local bacteria that had the ability to decompose corn stover. Soil samples were taken from various natural habitats in which bacteria grow, including remains of corn planting area, pile of waste corncob and corn stalk, pile of rice husk and straw, and pile of used sorghum stalk. Which were collected from several locations across South Sulawesi. Bacteria was isolated by making soil suspension that being inoculated on to NA and CMC medium, and then incubated for 48 hours at room temperature. Bacterial colonies that grow were then incubated 50o C to obtain bacteria resistant to high temperature and able to produce cellulose. Bacterial isolates that produce cellulose was then examined for the effectiveness in decomposing corn stover waste. Isolates result were able to obtain 119 decomposers isolates with 29 isolates resistant to temperature above 50o C and had ability to produce cellulose. From 29 isolates, among 15 isolates collected from rice straw, 5 isolates from remains of corn planting area and 9 isolates collected from several natural habitats. Almost all isolates had good ability to decompose corn stover waste. From isolates tested in corn cob waste and corn leaves waste, only 16 bacterial isolates were proven to be effective as decomposer
The Effectiveness Combination of Resistant Varieties and Metalaxil Fungicide in Controlling Downy Mildew Disease (Peronosclerospora Maydis) in Maize Plant
Full text linkDowny mildew caused by Peronosclerospora maydis is an important disease in the centers of corn cultivation in Java. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a combination of metalaxyl fungicide and varieties that have a high sustainability of downy mildew caused by P. maydis. The study was conducted in Kediri, East Java, which is an endemic area of downy mildew caused by P. maydis. The Split Plot Design with 3 replications was used in this study. The main plots were 5 corn varieties (1) Bima-3 Bantimurung, (2) Bima-20 URI, (3) Lagaligo, (4) Bima-15 Sayang, and (5) Anoman as a susceptible check. The subplots were 5 levels of seed treatment dose with metalaxyl fungicide (0 g/kg, 2 g/kg, 3 g/kg, 5 g/kg, and 7 g/kg seeds). The combination of resistant varieties with metalaxyl at a dose level of 5 g and 7 g/kg of corn seeds was effective in controlling downy mildew caused by P. maydis. In Bima-3 varieties Bantimurung and Lagaligo showed low infection reactions of 7.7-8.1%, and 10.4–11.2% respectively. In a combination of treatment conditions of susceptible varieties (Anoman) with 2, 3, 5 and 7 g/kg seeds, disease incidence reach 100% or most of the plants die. The lower incidence was also followed by yield, ear length and weight of a 1000 seeds that higher than other treatments. The combination of the use of susceptible variety with 2 g to 7 g/kg of metallaxyl doses was not effective in controlling downy mildew caused by P. maydis
EVALUASI LIMA JENIS INNER CARRIER DAN FORMULASI BACILLUS SUBTILIS UNTUK PENGENDALIAN HAWAR PELEPAH JAGUNG (RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI KUHN)
No full textEvaluation of five inner carriers and Bacillus subtilis formulation to control banded leaf and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn). One alternative control method against plant pathogens is the use of antagonistic microorganisms, such as Bacillus subtilis. The use of the antagonistic bacteria on corn especially in Indonesia is still lack. The objective of this research was to evaluate some inner carrier and to make formulated antagonistic B. subtilis to be used as biological control agents on corn diseases. This research consists of laboratory and greenhouse activities. The laboratory activities consist of B. subtilis biomass production, formulation of B. subtilis, and evaluation of five types of inner carrier. In the greenhouse, testing the formulation B. subtilis with talc as an inner carrier, which is compared with the treatment solution of B. subtilis, nordox, metalaxyl fungicides. The data collected in this study were percentage of germination, damping off due to pathogen R. solani, plant height, plant fresh weight, and percentages of R. solani incidence on 14 DAP. The results showed that talc powder and corn flour were the best inner carrier to be used in sorage formulation of antagonistic Bacillus. Formulated Bacillus subtilis TM4 showed no negative affect on seed germination and able to suppress the development of R. solani in greenhouse.</jats:p
Efektivitas Trichoderma sp. dan Gliocladium sp. sebagai Agen Biokontrol Hayati Penyakit Busuk Pelepah Daun pada Jagung
No full textSheath blight is an important disease in corn. The disease could cause significant yield loss when infection occurs on susceptible varieties. Disease control using the microorganism antagonist is an alternative for disease management. Research was carried out in a laboratory, greenhouse and field from 2010 to 2012. The research objective was to compare several biological agents for controlling sheath blight disease on corn. In vitro laboratory tests identified that out of sixteen isolates of microorganisms, only 3 isolates which had the potency to suppress the pathogen of sheath blight over 50%, namely TT1; TM; and GM. Conidia development among the three isolates of microorganism the highest was by TT1. In the greenhouse, three isolates of microorganisms showed potential of decreasing sheath blight disease up to 70%. The Gliocladium isolates decreases the disease by 53%. Research results from the field indicated the antagonist had decreased sheath blight disease by 67%. Isolates of Trichoderma and Gliocladium fungus could reduce the yield loss by 23% by suppressing the infection of sheath blight disease.</jats:p
SCREEN HOUSE TEST OF EIGHT BIOPESTICIDE FORMULATION BACILLUS SUBTILIS AGAINST DOWNY MILDEW, PERONOSCLEROSPORA PHILIPINENSIS, ON CORN PLANT
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