9 research outputs found
A “cavalier pensoso” between Machiavelli and Petrarch
No full textWhereas much of Machiavellian lyric opus reveals a character of “anti-Petrarchism,” the relationship between Machiavelli and Petrarch’s civil poetry is more complex and intricate. It is not by chance that Machiavelli selected Petrarch’s verses to close . This article explores Machiavelli’s relationship not merely to Petrarch as a poet but notably/especially to the author of Epistulae familiares, a work of great importance for the overall culture of the Renaissance. Considering Machiavelli’s quotes from canzone Spirto gentil (RvfHistory Of Florence (the story of the noble and unfortunate plot of Stefano Porcari), this paper emphasises the complexity of references in these quotations and Machiavelli’s deep meditation on glory and the relationships between ideals and reality. Some subtle allusions and linguistic occurrences reveal that Machiavelli had read and profoundly meditated on Petrach’s Familiares XIII 6, dedicated to Cola di Rienzo’s enterprise. The strong and sometimes cynical sense of reality manifested by Petrarch in that letter clearly made a great impression on the Renaissance writer
Serum antibody reactivity to human intracisternal A-type particle retrovirus proteins in systemic sclerosis patients
No full textSerum antibodies against human intracisternal A-type particle (HIAP) endogenous retrovirus have been found to be associated with various autoimmune pathologies. To evaluate the presence of serum antibody reactivity to HIAP proteins in systemic sclerosis, a Western blot analysis was performed on sera from 42 patients with systemic sclerosis, in comparison with 18 sera from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and 52 healthy subjects. A positive Western blot was found in 55.5% of serum samples from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and in 66.0% of patients with systemic sclerosis. None of the 52 healthy subjects showed positive results. Although this difference may be attributable either to an autoimmune response to antigenically related cellular proteins or to a specific antibody response to HIAP proteins expressed as an incidental consequence of attendant pathological processes, the high prevalence of antibodies against HIAP proteins demonstrated in patients with systemic sclerosis may be considered a hallmark of this disease
ALLE ORIGINI DELLA DISUGUAGLIANZA DI GENERE Voci e testimonianze attraverso epoche e culture
No full textFrutto del Convegno Alle radici degli stereotipi, dei pregiudizi e delle diseguaglianze di genere: testimonianze scritte nel tempo e nello spazio (26 ottobre 2023), questo volume esplora con approccio multidisciplinare la costruzione, la trasmissione e la contestazione delle rappresentazioni di genere attraverso epoche e contesti culturali diversi. I saggi analizzano come gli stereotipi, focalizzandosi sulla figura femminile, si siano stratificati nella cultura occidentale, codificandosi in testi letterari, filosofici, giuridici e storici. Il confronto diacronico permette di cogliere sia le persistenti radici di alcuni stereotipi, sia la progressiva trasformazione di altri. Un contributo prezioso per gli studi di genere e per chiunque voglia comprendere le dinamiche storiche e culturali che plasmano le identità di genere e le loro implicazioni nel presente, offrendo spunti per decostruire pregiudizi ancora radicati
Suggestions for the Study of Current Transformations of Somali Agriculture
No full textIn this paper the author demonstrates the relevance of the study of Somali social structure in order to interpret the current transformations of the agricultural sector in Somalia.Qoraha maqaalkani wuxuu muujinaya muhimadda daraasaadka dhismaha bulshada soomaaliyeed si loola socdo isbeddelka beerqodaalka Soomaaliya.In questo lavoro l'autore dimostra l'importanza dello studio della struttura sociale somala per l'interpretazione delle attuali trasformazioni del settore agricolo in Somalia.Labahn, Thomas (ed.
Visual and Motor Capabilities of Future Car Drivers
No full textDriving safety is recognized as critical for young people by institu-tions, insurances and research. The ability to manage such a complex activity as driving is still developing through adolescence and in early adulthood. The present research investigates the human factors in the driver-car interaction. The experimental method assesses the visual-motor coordination capabilities of future drivers, also in relation to their life styles. The results show that a frequent but good quality physical activity improves visual-motor coordina-tion
Carlo Levi and the ‘sacred’ in interwar Europe
No full textLa thèse porte sur l’œuvre écrite du peintre et écrivain italien Carlo Levi (1902-1975) dans la période des années vingt et trente. En particulier, l’objectif du travail est d’analyser la réflexion sur le thème du ‘sacré’ que l’auteur développe entre 1922 et 1939 en tenant compte du contexte culturel de l’Europe de l’entre-deux- guerres.En 1939, en ouverture de son essai Peur de la liberté qu’il rédige – exilé en France - au moment où éclate la seconde guerre mondiale, Levi définit le sacré comme «l’obscure et incessante négation de la liberté et de l’art», mais aussi comme «le générateur incessant de la liberté et de l’art». En prenant, ainsi, comme point de départ ce jugement contradictoire, la thèse vise à comprendre le sens qu'attribue l’auteur au terme de sacré, dont l’importance semble témoignée par le lien étroit qu'il établit dans l'ouvrage entre le sacré et la liberté. Pour ce faire, et tenter ainsi de porter un nouvel éclairage sur l’œuvre de Levi, la recherche a suivi deux directions parallèles : d’une part, celle d’une approche de l'ouvrage de Levi à travers une tentative de reconstruction de la genèse de sa réflexion sur ce thème au cours des années vingt et trente ; de l’autre, celle d’une comparaison avec d’autres auteurs européens s’étant interrogés, dans les mêmes années, sur le même sujet : non seulement afin d'identifier les sources ayant pu l'influencer, mais aussi d'établir des parallélismes féconds permettant d'aborder son œuvre avec un nouveau regard.The thesis focuses on the written work of the Italian painter and writer Carlo Levi (1902-1975) in the twenties and thirties. In particular, the work aims to analyze the reflection on the theme of the ‘sacred’ that the author develops between 1922 and 1939, taking into account the cultural context of interwar Europe.In 1939, in the first page of his essay Fear of Freedom, written parallelly to the outbreak of World War II as he was exile in France, Levi defines the sacred as the «obscure and continuous negation of freedom and art as well as, by contrast, the continuous generator of freedom and art». Taking this apparently contradictory definition as a starting point, the these aims to understand what is the real meaning that the author gives to the concept of the «sacred» - the importance of which seems to be demonstrated by the strong link established between the sacred and freedom. To do this, so as to shed a new light on Levi’s work, the research followed two parallel directions: on the one hand, a deep digging in Levi’s work, by trying to reconstruct – by means of a backward path - the genesis of Levi’s reflections on this theme during the twenties and thirties; on the other hand, a comparison with other European intellectuals having reflected, in the same years, on the same theme: non only with the aim of identifying the acutal sources that may have influenced Levi, but also fruitful parallelisms that could contribute to make us read his work with new eyes
Avaliação da ação citotóxica de cardenolídeos em células tumorais
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Florianópolis, 2015.Os cardenolídeos, tais como digoxina e oubaína, são conhecidos por sua eficácia no tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca congestiva e como fármacos antiarrítmicos. Recentemente, foram detectadas novas atividades farmacológicas para esses "antigos" fármacos. Tendo em vista o crescente interesse na pesquisa e desenvolvimento desta classe de compostos como potenciais quimioterápicos, frente a diversas linhagens celulares tumorais, o presente trabalho de tese objetivou avaliar os efeitos citotóxicos em células tumorais de três cardenolídeos (glucoevatromonosídeo, digitoxigenina monodigitoxosídeo e convalotoxina), previamente selecionados pela sua potente ação citotóxica. Inicialmente, eles foram avaliados em linhagens celulares tumorais de diferentes origens e todos demonstraram uma potente ação, em concentrações nanomolares, em todas as linhagens testadas, especialmente nas células de tumor de pulmão (A549). Essa linhagem tumoral foi então selecionada para a continuação dos experimentos para detectar o tipo de morte celular causada por esses três cardenolídeos. O glucoevatromonosídeo (GEV), composto mais promissor, também foi investigado em células U937 (linfoma histiolítico). Todos os três causaram bloqueio da fase G2/M, enquanto que a convalotoxina (CON) aumentou o número de células em subG0 do ciclo celular. O GEV foi capaz de inibir a expressão de importantes proteínas relacionadas ao ciclo celular, como ciclina B1 e p53 em A549. Ainda, esse composto causou bloqueio em subG0 em células U937, demonstrando um efeito dependente do tipo celular. O efeito de morte celular causado pelo GEV também foi tipo celular dependente, já que foi observada morte celular pela ação de caspases nas células U937 e independente da ação das caspases em células A549. A digitoxigenina monodigitoxosídeo não apresentou efeito significativo de morte celular em células A549. A CON aumentou o número de núcleos picnóticos e células Anexina-V positivas, configurando morte celular apoptótica. Alem disso, os três compostos foram capazes de inibir a migração e invasão celulares, em células A549, bem como de reduzir a expressão das proteínas: MMP2, MMP9 e FAK (proteína de adesão focal), que são essenciais no processo de metástase. Além disso, o GEV foi capaz de inibir a expressão de importantes cinases, geralmente super expressas em células tumorais. O conjunto desses dados sugere que estes compostos, especialmente o GEV, podem ser considerados candidatos promissores para o desenvolvimento de uma forma farmacêutica a ser usada no tratamento do câncer de pulmão.Abstract : Cardenolídeos such as ouabain and digoxin are known for their efficacy in treating congestive heart failure as antiarrhythmic drugs. Recently, new pharmacological activities have been found (antiviral and antitumor) to these "old" drugs. Given the growing interest in research and development of this group of compounds, as potential chemotherapeutic agents, this work aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects on tumor cells of three cardenolides (glucoevatromonoside, digitoxigenin monodigitoxoside and convallatoxin) previously selected for its potent cytotoxic action. Initially, they were screened in tumor cell lines of different origins and all of them showed potent action at nanomolar concentrations in all cell lines tested, particularly in lung tumor cells (A549). This cell line was then selected for further investigation to detect the kind of cell death caused by these three cardenolides. Glucoevatromonoside (GEV) was the most promising compound, and also investigated in U937 cells (histiocytic lymphoma). All these compounds block G2/M phase, whereas the convallatoxin increased the number of cells in subG0 phase. GEV was able to inhibit the expression of important proteins related to cell cycle, such as Cyclin B1 and p53. Beyond that, this compound caused cell cycle blockage in subG0 phase in U937 cells, demonstrating dependent cell type effect. The effect of cell death caused by GEV was also cell type dependent. In U937 cells, GEV showed a caspase dependent cell death while it is independent of caspase in A549 cells. Digitoxigenin monodigitoxoside did not show a significant percentage of cell death in A549 cells. Convallatoxin increased the number of pyknotic nuclei and Annexin-V positive cells, setting apoptotic cell death in A549 cells. Furthermore, the three compounds are capable of inhibiting cell migration and invasion in A549 cells as well as to reduce the expression of some proteins as MMP2, MMP9 and FAK (focal adhesion protein), which are essential in the process of metastasis. Moreover, GEV was able to inhibit the expression of important kinases, usually over expressed in tumor cells.. Taken together, these data suggest that these compounds, especially GEV can be considered promising candidates for the development of a pharmaceutical form to be used in the treatment of lung cancer
Conflito civil e liberdade no pensamento republicano de maquiavel
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia, Florianópolis, 2015Nosso propósito é refletir as condições da liberdade partindo da teoria do conflito civil em Maquiavel. Para cumprir essa finalidade, analisamos dois segmentos sociais que se confrontam em toda cidade, os grandes e o povo (grandi e plebe), aos quais correspondem dois humores (umori) de característica heterogênea: os grandes que desejam dominar o povo e o do povo que deseja unicamente viver em liberdade. Desse natural e ineliminável conflito, Maquiavel concebe as relações sociais em dissenso, ligeiramente distanciadas da concordia ordinum. Há, com esse pressuposto, uma relativa igualdade política na dinâmica do próprio enfrentamento desses humores que, ao serem acolhidos e recriados pelas instituições republicanas, se traduzem em leis e liberdade que beneficiam o conjunto da cidade. A teoria do conflito civil, ao esboçar certa autonomia em relação ao modelo polibiano da anacyclosis, ainda muito reproduzida pela tradição do pensamento político, acaba positivando o desejo do povo - ao lado do humor dos grandes - gerando reações aristocráticas diante de um presumível republicanismo popular do autor - Francesco Guicciardini confirma essa perspectiva. O desafio está em compreender que aspectos efetivamente concorrem nesse processo que vai, desde a anulação do bom e positivo conflito civil, para um convívio determinado por relações de subordinação e servidão (vivere servo). Mobilizando alguns capítulos centrais dos Discursos sobre a primeira década de Tito Lívio e de História de Florença - mas não sem remissões pontuais a outras obras do autor que subsidiem a discussão -, mostramos que a demanda por ações extraordinárias (straordinari) em situações de repúblicas corrompidíssimas, se deve à ingerência de relações desiguais e facciosas entre os distintos segmentos. À desigualdade nessas relações, atribui-se relativa inflexão do conteúdo político dos humores em direção a aspectos e fenômenos de natureza econômica. Trata-se de mostrar, em Maquiavel, que o próprio núcleo da teoria do conflito civil é permeado por uma clivagem social e econômica que sugere uma medida mais flexível de leitura de sua própria teoria do conflito civil e da liberdade.Abstract: Our purpose is to reflect the conditions of liberty based on the theory of civil conflict in Machiavelli. To accomplish this purpose, we analyzed two social sectors which are faced in every city, the big ones and the people (grandi and plebs), that correspond to two moods (umori) of heterogeneous feature: the big ones that wish to master the people and the people who only want to live in liberty. From this natural and non-eliminable conflict, Machiavelli conceives social relations in dissent, slightly away from concordia ordinum. There is, with this assumption, a relative political equality in the dynamics of the own confrontation of these moods that, when received and recreated by republican institutions, are translated into laws and liberty that benefit the entire city. The civil conflict theory, when showing certain autonomy from the Polybian model of anacyclosis, still very reproduced by the tradition of political thought, ended up achieving the will of the people - next to the big ones mood - generating aristocratic reactions to a presumable republicanism popular of the author - Francesco Guicciardini confirms this perspective. The challenge is to understand what aspects effectively compete in this process which is, since the abolishment of good and positive civil conflict, to a coexistence determined by relations of subordination and servitude (vivere servo). Mobilizing some central chapters of Discourses on Titus Livy's first ten books [Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio] and Florentine Histories [Istorie Fiorentine] - but not without occasional references to other works of the author who subsidize the discussion - we showed that the demand for extraordinary actions (straordinari) in situations of corrupted republics, is due to the interference of unequal and unfair relations between different segments. To the inequality in these relations is attributed inflection of the political content of moods toward aspects and phenomena of an economic nature. This is to show, in Machiavelli, that the core of the civil conflict theory is permeated by a social and economic cleavage suggesting a more flexible measure of reading his own theory of civil conflict and liberty
Frantumare la vita. (Lucrezio, Seneca, l’etica delle virtù)
No full textThe fragmentation of life, i.e. the inability to live one's life as a whole, is an important theme in Hellenistic ethics, as witnessed in Lucretius and Seneca. From Aristotle onwards, the task of ethics is to construct a unitary life, in which the continuity of the 'good life' is identified with the stable presence of virtue (Stoicism) or pleasure (Epicureanism). This basic problem is related to well-known topics such as the uselessness of travel or chaotic reading: a particularly important theme is the imaginary observation of one's own corpse
