3,004 research outputs found
Carl Friedrich Geiser and Ferdinand Rudio : the men behind the first International Congress of Mathematicians
No full textThe first International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) was held in Zurich in 1897, setting the standards for all future ICMs. Whilst giving an overview of the congress itself, this thesis focuses on the Swiss organisers, who were predominantly university professors and secondary school teachers. As this thesis aims to offer some insight into their lives, it includes their biographies, highlighting their individual contributions to the congress. Furthermore, it explains why Zurich was chosen as the first host city and how the committee proceeded with the congress organisation.
Two of the main organisers were the Swiss geometers Carl Friedrich Geiser (1843-1934) and Ferdinand Rudio (1856-1929). In addition to the congress, they also made valuable contributions to mathematical education, and in Rudio’s case, the history of mathematics. Therefore, this thesis focuses primarily on these two mathematicians.
As for Geiser, the relationship to his great-uncle Jakob Steiner is explained in more detail. Furthermore, his contributions to the administration of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology are summarised. Due to the overarching theme of mathematical education and collaborations in this thesis, Geiser’s schoolbook "Einleitung in die synthetische Geometrie" is considered in more detail and Geiser’s methods are highlighted.
A selection of Rudio’s contributions to the history of mathematics is studied as well. His book "Archimedes, Huygens, Lambert, Legendre" is analysed and compared to E W Hobson’s treatise "Squaring the Circle". Furthermore, Rudio’s papers relating to the commentary of Simplicius on quadratures by Antiphon and Hippocrates are considered, focusing on Rudio’s translation of the commentary and on "Die Möndchen des Hippokrates". The thesis concludes with an analysis of Rudio’s popular lectures "Leonhard Euler" and "Über den Antheil der mathematischen Wissenschaften an der Kultur der Renaissance", which are prime examples of his approach to the history of mathematics
Prionocerus championi Geiser, 2010, n. sp.
No full textPrionocerus championi n. sp. Holotype 3: "W Sumatra, Padang env., 200–500 m, S. Jakl lgt., IV. 1995 "; NHMB. Paratypes (1 3 ): 1 3: same data as the holotype (NHMB). Type locality: Padang, Sumatra, Indonesia. Measurements 3 (n = 2): TBL 9.9–10.7 mm, L-h 8.4 –9.0 mm HL 1.5–1.7 mm, PL 1.7–1.8 mm, EL 6.7–7.2 mm Differential diagnosis: Very similar in coloration to P. m a l a y s i a c u s and P. opacipennis, distinguished mainly by the shape of the aedeagus and the last abdominal sternite in males, but also easily recognizable by antennal shape. Elytra and pronotum slightly more slender than in P. coeruleipennis. Body size smaller than in P. wittmeri. Easily distinguished from P. b i c o l o r, P. paiensis and P. viridiflavus by coloration. Description: Habitus as in fig. 40 (3). Body metallic dark blue, partly with greenish lustre. Pronotum bright reddish orange. Elytra metallic dark green, in a small area at the base and around the shoulder, as well as the scutellum metallic blue. Antennae black, with the last segment reddish brown and the first three segments lighter reddish and a bluish black stripe on the dorsal surface. Maxillary and labial palpi mostly reddish brown, parts of each segment infuscate to almost black. Outer edge of labrum yellowish brown. Legs dark bluish black, claws reddish brown. Head behind the eyes about half as wide than the middle part of the pronotum. Vertex not very shining, sparsely and very finely punctate. Frons between eyes sparsely punctate, at its narrowest part about half as broad as the length of the first antennal joint (males); in front of the eyes depressed and slightly rugose. Clypeus almost rectangular, broader than long, slightly shagreened. Labrum about as long as wide, rather flat and more coarsely punctate then the head, with wrinkly microsculpture and some longer blackish setae. Male antennae reaching the first quarter of the elytra in length, until slightly after the humeral callus. First three segments subfiliform (basal one slightly incrassate), segments 4 and 5 slightly widened and flattened, 6– 10 of subtriangular shape, gradually more strongly widened and flattened. Last segment robust, not conspicuously widened, but clearly emarginate. First segment long, second very short, less than one third as long, third to fifth again long, although not quite as the first, sixth to tenth slightly decreasing in length, but increasing in width, the last segment longest, about one third longer than the first. Pronotum slightly longer than broad, widest around the middle, maximal length: maximal width 1: 0.95; subhexagonal, all angles rounded, hind angles approximately 100 °; all pronotal margins distinctly bordered, broadly and conspicuously around hind angles, narrowly at the front margin; basal half shallowly, obliquely impressed at both sides of the disc, part around hind angles slightly convex; shining and without any microsculpture; basal half with some yellowish, suberect pubescence, while the sparse hairs on the fore half are more blackish; the outer margin bearing few longer, black, hair-like setae. Elytra almost exactly fitting the description of P. opacipennis above, apical half slightly less flattened, punctures slightly deeper and a bit less dense and rugose in the basal area. Scutellum like in P. coeruleipennis. Femora slightly metallic, with fine punctures and short blackish hairs and setae. Tibiae also slightly metallic, covered with blackish setae. Tarsi not metallic, with blackish or brownish setae. Abdomen with rather long, sparse, greyish, recumbent pubescence and some longer black, suberect setae; with rather sparse, shallow punctures and somewhat rugose texture. Male: Last abdominal sternite larger, especially longer, than in all the preceding species, basal half of almost cylindrical shape, apical half nearly semicircular (fig. 27). Basal margin rather deeply emarginate, in the middle with almost triangular incision (although the angle is still rounded). The apical margin deeply incised, deeper than in P. coeruleipennis, the opening large and of subtriangular shape with rounded angles. The last tergite very shallowly, inconspicuously emarginate. Aedeagus (figs. 5, 12, 19): Process of phallobase straight; the whole phallobase strongly curved and bent downwards to an angle of about 90 ° (in relation to the apex of the parameres). Parameres (lateral view) after the base very thick (more than double as broad as in P. coeruleipennis), then with a very conspicuous semicircular emargination, bearing some long, brownish hairs along its edge; after the emargination again thickened, drawn into an almost spoon-shaped tip, with some minute teeth around the inner edge of the apex. Seen in dorsal view, the parameres are narrow, largely gaping, slightly curved and never parallel as in P. coeruleipennis and relatives. Median lobe rather robust, with its basal part strongly curved (about 90 °), then not straight but slightly sinuate, apical part not abruptly flattened and without dorsal hook. In dorsal view with very elongate, subparallel ostium, whose hind end is not clearly delimited; after the ostium narrowed and with a long, parallel-sided tip with a very fine central furrow. Sexual dimorphism: Unknown, there were no females available. Variability: Unknown, the available material is too limited. Distribution (fig. 45): So far known only from the type locality in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Probably endemic to this island. Derivatio nominis: Named in honour of the famous British entomologist George Charles Champion (1851–1927), author of the most important and most useful work on Prionoceridae ever published (Champion 1919).Published as part of Geiser, Michael, 2010, Studies on Prionoceridae (Coleoptera: Cleroidea). II. A revision of the genus Prionocerus Perty, 1831, pp. 1-48 in Zootaxa 2328 on pages 36-37, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19309
Sterritt, David Benjamin (Birth, 1886-07-12)
No full textAddress: 60 Boal3994/Pg.177/1886/M W/Cinti/Cinti/S.B. Geiser, M.D.Original record filed in drawer labeled 'STEINS-STEWART'
Analyzing the convergent and discriminant validity of states and traits: Development and applications of multimethod latent state-trait models
No full textCourvoisier DS, Nussbeck FW, Eid M, Geiser C, Cole DA. Analyzing the convergent and discriminant validity of states and traits: Development and applications of multimethod latent state-trait models. Psychological Assessment. 2008;20(3):270-280
David, Frank (Death, 1889-09-01)
No full textAddress: 28 Dudley St.Age at death: 1 2/324/Pg 96/1889/M W S/City/Dr. S.R. Geiser/W.H. Dunkman/St. Marys Cem.Original record filed in drawer labeled 'DAUM-DEAN, J'
Multitrait-Multimethod-Analyse
No full textGeiser C, Eid M, Nussbeck FW, Lischetzke T, Cole DA. Multitrait-Multimethod-Analyse. In: Holling H, Schmitz B, eds. Handbuch Statistik, Methoden und Evaluation. Handbuch der Psychologie. Vol 13. Göttingen: Hogrefe; 2010: 679-685
Multilocus phylogenetics show high levels of endemic fusaria inhabiting Sardinian soils (Tyrrhenian Islands)
No full textThe Mediterranean island of Sardinia is well known for high levels of vascular plant diversity and endemism, but little is known about its microbial diversity. Under the hypothesis that Fusarium species would show similarly high diversity, we estimated variability in Fusarium species composition among 10 sites around the island. Markers previously adopted for multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were used to determine multilocus DNA sequence haplotypes for 263 Fusarium isolates. In addition portions of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha and second largest RNA polymerase subunit genes were sequenced for all isolates. The intergenic spacer (IGS) region of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene repeat was sequenced for members of the F. oxysporum species complex (FOSC), and a portion of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene repeat comprising the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and part of the large nuclear ribosomal RNA subunit was sequenced for members of the F. solani species complex (FSSC). Seventy-three multilocus haplotypes were identified among the 263 isolates typed, of which 48 represented FOSC and FSSC. Thirty-seven of 48 FOSC two-locus and FSSC three-locus haplotypes had not been observed previously. The 38 non-FOSC/FSSC fusaria comprised 25 haplotypes distributed among 10 species, five of which appear to represent novel, phylogenetically distinct species. In general newly discovered haplotypes were restricted to one or a few sites. All FSSC isolates represented new haplotypes in phylogenetic species FSSC 5 and 9, which differ from the phylogenetic species dominant in soils worldwide. No obvious correlations were found between haplotype diversity and geospatial or habitat distribution. Overall these results indicate a high degree of Fusarium genetic diversity on multiple geographic scales within Sardinia. These results contrast with recent work showing that common, cosmopolitan species dominate Sardinia’s Trichoderma biodiversity. All data are available for access and viewing from the FUSARIUM-ID database
Phylogenetic diversity of insecticolous fusaria inferred from multilocus DNA sequence data and their molecular identification via FUSARIUM-ID and Fusarium MLST
No full textWe constructed several multilocus DNA sequence datasets to assess the phylogenetic diversity of insecticolous fusaria, especially focusing on those housed at the Agricultural Research Service Collection of Entomopathogenic Fungi (ARSEF), and to aid molecular identifications of unknowns via the FUSARIUM-ID and Fusarium MLST online databases and analysis packages. Analyses of a 190-taxon, two-locus dataset, which included 159 isolates from insects, indicated that: (i) insect-associated fusaria were nested within 10 species complexes spanning the phylogenetic breadth of Fusarium, (ii) novel, putatively unnamed insecticolous species were nested within 8/10 species complexes and (iii) Latin binomials could be applied with confidence to only 18/58 phylogenetically distinct fusaria associated with pest insects. Phylogenetic analyses of an 82-taxon, three-locus dataset nearly fully resolved evolutionary relationships among the 10 clades containing insecticolous fusaria. Multilocus typing of isolates within four species complexes identified surprisingly high genetic diversity in that 63/65 of the fusaria typed represented newly discovered haplotypes. The DNA sequence data, together with corrected ABI sequence chromatograms and alignments, have been uploaded to the following websites dedicated to identifying fusaria: FUSARIUM-ID (http://isolate.fusariumdb.org) a
Konvergente und diskriminante Validität über die Zeit: Integration von Multitrait-Multimethod-Modellen und der Latent State-Trait-Theorie
No full textNussbeck FW, Eid M, Geiser C, Courvoisier DS, Cole DA. Konvergente und diskriminante Validität über die Zeit: Integration von Multitrait-Multimethod-Modellen und der Latent State-Trait-Theorie. In: Moosbrugger H, Kelava A, eds. Testtheorie und Fragebogenkonstruktion. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer; 2012: 383-409
Phylogenomic analysis of a 55.1-kb 19-Gene dataset resolves a monophyletic fusarium that includes the Fusarium solani species complex
No full textScientific communication is facilitated by a data-driven, scientifically sound taxonomy that considers the end-user’s needs and established successful practice. In 2013, the Fusarium community voiced near unanimous support for a concept of Fusarium that represented a clade comprising all agriculturally and clinically important Fusarium species, including the F. solani species complex (FSSC). Subsequently, this concept was challenged in 2015 by one research group who proposed dividing the genus Fusarium into seven genera, including the FSSC described as members of the genus Neocosmospora, with subsequent justification in 2018 based on claims that the 2013 concept of Fusarium is polyphyletic. Here, we test this claim and provide a phylogeny based on exonic nucleotide sequences of 19 orthologous protein-coding genes that strongly support the monophyly of Fusarium including the FSSC. We reassert the practical and scientific argument in support of a genus Fusarium that includes the FSSC and several other basal lineages, consistent with the longstanding use of this name among plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, students, and researchers with a stake in its taxonomy. In recognition of this monophyly, 40 species described as genus Neocosmospora were recombined in genus Fusarium, and nine others were renamed Fusarium. Here the global Fusarium community voices strong support for the inclusion of the FSSC in Fusarium, as it remains the best scientific, nomenclatural, and practical taxonomic option available.Fil: Geiser, David M. Pennsylvania State University. Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, United States.Fil: Al-Hatmi, Abdullah M. S. Ministry of Health. Directorate General of Health Services; Oman.Fil: Aoki, Takayuki. National Agriculture and Food Research Organization. Genetic Resources Center; Japan.Fil: Arie, Tsutomu. Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; Japan.Fil: Scandiani, María Mercedes. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Centro de Referencia de Micología (CEREMIC); Argentina.Fil: Luque, Alicia Graciela. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Centro de Referencia de Micología (CEREMIC); Argentina
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