21 research outputs found
Environmental regulation, competitiveness and patterns of international trade in the sector of Agribusiness
No full textEste trabalho, organizado sob a forma de dois artigos, faz uma investigação a fim de esclarecer os vínculos entre comércio internacional e meio ambiente em geral, e no caso do setor do Agronegócio, em particular, focando, sobretudo, no aspecto da competitividade. No primeiro artigo, inicialmente procedeu-se uma revisão das questões teóricas atinentes às interfaces econômicas entre agricultura, meio ambiente e comércio, assim como a análise comparativa dos principais métodos empregados para estudar estes vínculos. Em seguida, especial atenção foi dedicada à identificação dos mecanismos pelos quais as políticas destinadas à promoção da sustentabilidade ambiental no setor do agronegócio podem afetar os preços, o comércio e o bem-estar social. Por fim, foram exploradas as implicações políticas que são derivadas do estudo de caso brasileiro, concluindo-se pela necessidade de construção de uma agenda de pesquisas local para o tema. O segundo artigo pode ser visto como um teste empírico para o Agronegócio das antagônicas posições defendidas por economistas seguidores da abordagem tradicional em relação aos seguidores da hipótese de Porter no que tange aos impactos do maior rigor das regulações ambientais sobre os padrões internacionais de comércio. Tal análise foi conduzida mediante a adequação do modelo H-O-V para permitir a inclusão de variáveis representativas da performance ambiental dos países analisados. Os resultados revelam que as exportações líquidas dos produtos agrícolas classificados como ambientalmente sensíveis podem ser afetadas positiva ou adversamente segundo setor e indicador ambiental em questão.Organized in two articles, this dissertation makes an investigation to clarify the links between international trade and environment in general and in the case of the agribusiness sector, in particular, focusing mainly on the issue of competitiveness. In the first article, initially there was a review of theoretical issues pertaining to economic interfaces between agriculture, environment and trade, and comparative analysis of the main methods used to study these links. Then, special attention was devoted to identifying the mechanisms by which policies to promote environmental sustainability in the agribusiness sector can affect prices, trade and social welfare. Finally, were explored the policy implications that are derived from the study of the Brazilian case, concluding by the need to construct an agenda for research site for the theme. The second article can be seen as an empirical test for the Agribusiness of antagonistic positions advocated by economists followers of the traditional approach for followers of the possibility of Porter with regard to the impacts of the tightening of environmental regulations on international standards of commerce. This analysis was conducted by the adequacy of the H-O-V model to allow for the inclusion of variables representing the environmental performance of the countries examined. The results show that net exports of agricultural products classified as environmentally sensitive can be positively or adversely affected the second sector and environmental indicator in question
EFFECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION ON THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE PATTERN FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
No full textAgricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade,
Aquece o comércio entre o Brasil e a China na proteína animal
No full textA significativa redução do rebanho de suínos da China, decorrente da peste suína africana, fez com que as exportações brasileiras para o país aumentassem de forma generalizada em 2019: 101,5% na carne suína, 80,0% na bovina e 53,8% na de frango, em dólares correntes
Fontes de crescimento da agricultura no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul entre 1990 e 2010
No full textRESUMO
O objetivo deste estudo é determinar as fontes de crescimento das principais culturas da agricultura gaúcha no período 1990-2010. Com esse intuito recorreu-se a metodologia shift-share, a qual também possibilita analisar as alterações na composição da área cultivada através dos efeitos escala e substituição. As culturas com maior acréscimo de produção no período foram o trigo, a erva mate, o arroz e a soja. Os resultados demonstram que a melhoria da produtividade foi o principal fator explicativo da expansão da produção da soja, do trigo e do milho, enquanto o arroz cresceu extensivamente. As realocações de cultivo entre as regiões, representadas pelo efeito localização, não se mostraram importantes para explicar o movimento da produção. Tornou-se evidente também a crescente conversão de áreas que se destinavam ao atendimento do mercado interno (feijão e milho) em áreas voltadas à exportação (soja). Há sinais de que as alterações no cenário econômico interno e externo estão associadas à dinâmica de produção da agricultura gaúcha no período em análise. Neste sentido, a expansão das áreas cultivadas de soja e trigo a partir da virada do século indica a importância da taxa de câmbio para o desempenho agrícola estadual.
Palavras-chave: Rio Grande do Sul; agricultura; modelo shift-share.
TÍTULO EM INGLÊS
Sources of growth in agriculture of Rio Grande do Sul in the period 1990-2010
ABSTRACT
This article examines the sources of growth of the main agricultural products of Rio Grande do Sul State (Brazil) in the period 1990-2010. For this purpose we used the mathematical model shift-share, also known in the literature as differential-structural. This model enables us to analyze changes in the composition of the cultivated area through scale and substitution effects. Cultures with higher growth in production in the period were wheat, yerba mate, rice and soybeans. The results show that the improve in the productivity was the main reason for the expansion of production of soybeans, wheat and maize, while rice grew extensively. The reallocations of cultivations areas across regions, represented by the location effect, were not important in explaining the changes in production. It was also evident the increasing conversion of areas that originally supplied the domestic market (beans and corn) in areas targeted for agricultural exports (soybeans). There are signs that internal and external structural economic changes have an affect on the pattern of agriculture production in Rio Grande do Sul. In this sense, the expansion of cultivated areas of soybeans and wheat from the 2000s indicates the importance of the exchange rate for the agricultural performance of the State.
Key words: Rio Grande do Sul; agriculture; shift-share analysis.
CLassificação JEL: Q19
Artigo recebido em 27 nov. 2013 e aceito para publicação e
How sophisticated is Brazilian agribusiness? An exploratory analysis based on productivity and complexity
No full textThe significant growth of Brazilian agribusiness has contributed to spreading a collective perception that Brazil produces with high levels of efficiency and has a competitive advantage in a wide range of sophisticated products. But is this image an accurate representation of Brazilian agribusiness in an international context? To answer this question and to analyze the sources of agricultural productivity differences between countries, was adopted the economic complexity approach. The results indicated that, despite all the scale, the complexity of Brazilian agribusiness products is at an intermediate stage, far from the countries with the highest value added per worker in agriculture. In addition, as suggested by theory, we found a positive association between labor productivity in agriculture and the agribusiness complexity up to the year 2012, when the signal reverses—possibly owing to the greater importance of south-south agricultural flows and the protectionist movements in the post international crisis period. In conclusion, even though Brazilian agro can be qualified as pop, it does not seem appropriate to define it as high tech, especially if the reference is to the labor productivity and product complexity of leading countries. The construction of complexity in agribusiness goes beyond the boundaries of traditional agricultural development policies. Industrial policies aimed at building complexity need to be comprehensive enough to identify key products and the fundamental capabilities for their successful market performance. This applies to products and industrial sectors as well as to agribusiness
Inflação e custo da cesta básica no município de Horizontina
No full textThis article describes the main features and some results of the research and extension project´s titled “Index of Prices to Consumer Fahor´s College (IPC-FAHOR)”. Developed jointly between academics and teachers of the Course of Economic Science of Fahor, the project calculate the price index for the sector “food and beverages” in the city, as well as the cost of basic items of consumption. The surveys and analysis of prices are monthly and had started in January 2009.O presente artigo descreve as principais características e alguns resultados do projeto de pesquisa e extensão intitulado “Índice de Preços ao Consumidor da Faculdade Horizontina” (IPC-FAHOR). Desenvolvido conjuntamente entre os acadêmicos e professores do Curso de Ciências Econômicas da Fahor, o projeto consiste em calcular o índice de preços para o setor “alimentação e bebidas” no município, assim como o custo da cesta básica do mesmo. Os levantamentos dos preços e análises são mensais, e tiveram início em janeiro de 2009
O ECOPROTECIONISMO AGRÍCOLA NA UNIÃO EUROPÉIA E SEUS POSSÍVEIS IMPACTOS SOBRE A ECONOMIA BRASILEIRA
No full textGiven the importance the agricultural exports sector as source of growth and stability to the Brazilian economy, this paper aims to analyze the impacts on national production, income and employments from the EU agricultural ecoprotection. The analysis revels that in all the tree scenarios to 2004-2010, it is possible to conclude that although the restrict effect of the ecoprotecionism doesn't compromise substantially the exports to the regions, in an aggregate perspective, this effect isn't despicable. Since that in the last years the Brazil has been specializing the production in this sector, new European trade barriers can be an important impediment to the maintenance of the Brazilian economic activity growth.Considerando a importância do setor agroexportador como fonte geradora de crescimento e estabilidade para a economia brasileira, objetiva-se, com o trabalho, analisar os impactos na produção, renda e emprego nacionais decorrentes do ecoprotecionismo agrícola europeu. A partir da análise dos dados referentes às variações anuais das exportações agropecuárias brasileiras para a UE em três cenários construídos para o período 2004-2010, pôde-se perceber que, embora o efeito restritivo do ecoprotecionismo não comprometa substancialmente as exportações para a região, em termos agregados, sua dimensão não é desprezível. Tendo em vista que, nos últimos anos, o Brasil vem especializando-se na produção desse setor, o levantamento de novas barreiras comerciais, justamente por seu principal mercado consumidor QJE), pode vir a constituir-se num empecilho importante à manutenção do aquecimento da atividade econômica do país
Environmental regulation and international trade patterns for agro-industrial under a South-North Perspective
No full textThis paper aims at examining the relation between the international trade and the environment, particularly focused on sensitive agribusiness sectors. It consists on an empirical test to the conflicting positions supported by economists, some following the traditional approach (trade-off or neoclassical), while others supporting the Porter’s hypothesis, which considers that impacts of the stricter environmental regulation can benefit the trade competitiveness. A Heckscher-Ohlin- Vanek model was applied to net exports as the dependent variable. The agricultural products analyzed were total agriculture, rice, maize, soybean, wheat, dairy and swine; run for 97 countries, divided as developing and developed, in a cross-section approach. This modeling allows including the environmental endowment as explanatory variables. Moreover the Environmental Performance Index (Esty et al, 2008) was also tried as explanatory variables in order to catch any effect of the environmental regulation on the trade patterns. Results were not conclusively as they show that the net exports of the selected products, considered environmentally sensitive, can be affected even positively or negatively (neoclassical approach) by the environmental regulation. The results depend on the products. A remarkable outcome to highlight is that the dummy for developing countries and developed countries was significant, pointing that for rice, for example, it makes difference being a developing country, as well as it does for wheat, being a developed country.Trade, environmental regulation, agribusiness, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade,
EFFECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION ON THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE PATTERN FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
No full text
