1,383 research outputs found
Harmful phytoplankton diversity and dynamics in an upwelling region (Sagres, SW Portugal) revealed by ribosomal RNA microarray combined with microscopy
No full textThe study region in Sagres, SW Portugal, is subject to natural eutrophication of coastal waters by wind-driven upwelling, which stimulates high primary productivity facilitating the recent economic expansion of bivalve aquaculture in the region. However, this economic activity is threatened by harmful algal blooms (HAB) caused by the diatoms Pseudo-nitzschia spp., Dinophysis spp. and other HAB dinoflagellates, all of which can produce toxins, that can induce Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP), Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) and Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP). This study couples traditional microscopy with 18S/28S rRNA microarray to improve the detection of HAB species and investigates the relation between HAB and the specific oceanographic conditions in the region. Good agreement was obtained between microscopy and microarray data for diatoms of genus Pseudo-nitzschia and dinoflagellates Dinophysis spp., Gymnodinium catenation and raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo, with less effective results for Prorocentrum. Microarray provided detection of flagellates Prymnesium spp., Pseudochattonella spp., Chloromorum toxicum and the important HAB dinoflagellates of the genera Alexandrum and Azadinium, with the latter being one of the first records from the study region. Seasonality and upwelling induced by northerly winds were found to be the driving forces of HAB development, with Pseudonitzschia spp. causing the risk of ASP during spring and summer upwelling season, and dinoflagellates causing the risk of DSP and PSP during upwelling relaxation, mainly in summer and autumn. The findings were in agreement with the results from toxicity monitoring of shellfish by the Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere and confirm the suitability of the RNA microarray method for HABs detection and aquaculture management applications.EC Erasmus Mundus MACOMA PhD grantEU FP7 DEVOTES projectEuropean Union (EU) [308392]project EU FP7 AquaUsers [607325]project EU Horizon 2020 AquaSpace [633476]project EU Horizon 2020 Ceres [607325]project EU Horizon 2020 GAIN [773330]Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT)Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [UID/MAR/00350/2013, UID/MAR/00350/2019
Measurement of the Differential Cross Section for Isolated Prompt Photon Production in pp Collisions at 7 TeV.
No full textA measurement of the differential cross section for the inclusive production of isolated prompt photons in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 36 inverse picobarns recorded by the CMS detector at the LHC. The measurement covers the pseudorapidity range |eta|<2.5 and the transverse energy range 25 < ET < 400 GeV, corresponding to the kinematic region 0.007 < xT < 0.114. Photon candidates are identified with two complementary methods, one based on photon conversions in the silicon tracker and the other on isolated energy deposits in the electromagnetic calorimeter. The measured cross section is presented as a function of ET in four pseudorapidity regions. The next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations are consistent with the measured cross section
Measurement of D-0, D+, D+* and D-s(+) production in pp collisions at root s=5.02 TeV with ALICE
No full textThe measurements of the production of prompt D0 , D+ , D∗+ , and D+s mesons in proton–proton (pp) col- lisions at √s = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are reported. D mesons were reconstructed at mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.5) via their hadronic decay channels D0 → K−π+, D+ → K−π+π+, D∗+ → D0π+ → K−π+π+, D+s → φπ+ → K+K−π+, and their charge conjugates. The production cross sections were measured in the transverse momentum interval 0 < pT < 36GeV/cforD0,1 < pT < 36GeV/cforD+ and D∗+, and in 2 < pT < 24 GeV/c for D+s mesons. Thanks to the higher integrated luminosity, an analysis in finer pT bins with respect to the previous measurements at √s = 7 TeV was performed, allowing for a more detailed description of the cross-section pT shape. The measured pT- differential production cross sections are compared to the results at √s = 7 TeV and to four different perturbative QCD calculations. Its rapidity dependence is also tested combin- ing the ALICE and LHCb measurements in pp collisions at √s = 5.02 TeV. This measurement will allow for a more accurate determination of the nuclear modification factor in p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions performed at the same nucleon– nucleon centre-of-mass energy
Measurement of prompt D, D, D, and D production in pPb collisions at = 5.02 TeV
No full textThe measurement of the production of prompt D, D, D, and D mesons in pPb collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of = 5.02 TeV, with an integrated luminosity of 292 ± 11b, are reported. Differential production cross sections are measured at mid-rapidity (0.96< < 0.04) as a function of transverse momentum () in the intervals 0 < < 36 GeV/for D, 1 < < 36 GeV/ for D and D, and 2 < < 24 GeV/ for D mesons. For each species, the nuclear modification factor R is calculated as a function of using a pp reference measured at the same collision energy. The results are compatible with unity in the whole range. The average of the non-strange D mesons R is compared with theoretical model predictions that include initial-state effects and parton transport model predictions. The dependence of the D, D, and D nuclear modification factors is also reported in the interval 1< < 36 GeV/ as a function of the collision centrality, and the central-to-peripheral ratios are computed from the D-meson yields in different centrality classes. The results are further compared with charged-particle measurements and a similar trend is observed in all the centrality classes. The ratios of the -differential cross sections of D, D, D, and D mesons are also reported. The D+s and D+ yields are compared as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity for several intervals. No modification in the relative abundances of the four species is observed with respect to proton-proton (pp) collisions within the statistical and systematic uncertainties.The measurement of the production of prompt D, D, D, and mesons in proton–lead (p–Pb) collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of = 5.02 TeV, with an integrated luminosity of 292 ± 11 μb, are reported. Differential production cross sections are measured at mid-rapidity (−0.96 < y< 0.04) as a function of transverse momentum (p) in the intervals 0 < p< 36 GeV/c for D, 1 < p< 36 GeV/c for D and D, and 2 < p< 24 GeV/c for D mesons. For each species, the nuclear modification factor R is calculated as a function of p using a proton-proton (pp) ref- erence measured at the same collision energy. The results are compatible with unity in the whole p range. The average of the non-strange D mesons R is compared with theoretical model predictions that include initial-state effects and parton transport model predictions. The p dependence of the D, D, and D nuclear modification factors is also reported in the interval 1 < p< 36 GeV/c as a function of the collision centrality, and the central-to-peripheral ratios are computed from the D-meson yields measured in different centrality classes. The results are further compared with charged-particle measurements and a similar trend is observed in all the centrality classes. The ratios of the p-differential cross sections of D, D, D, and mesons are also reported. The and D yields are compared as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity for several p intervals. No modification in the relative abundances of the four species is observed with respect to pp collisions within the statistical and systematic uncertainties.The measurement of the production of prompt D, D, D, and D mesons in protonlead (pPb) collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of = 5.02 TeV, with an integrated luminosity of b, are reported. Differential production cross sections are measured at mid-rapidity () as a function of transverse momentum () in the intervals GeV/ for D, GeV/ for D and D, and GeV/ for D mesons. For each species, the nuclear modification factor is calculated as a function of using a proton-proton (pp) reference measured at the same collision energy. The results are compatible with unity in the whole range. The average of the non-strange D mesons is compared with theoretical model predictions that include initial-state effects and parton transport model predictions. The dependence of the D, D, and D nuclear modification factors is also reported in the interval GeV/ as a function of the collision centrality, and the central-to-peripheral ratios are computed from the D-meson yields measured in different centrality classes. The results are further compared with charged-particle measurements and a similar trend is observed in all the centrality classes. The ratios of the -differential cross sections of D, D, D, and D mesons are also reported. The D and D yields are compared as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity for several intervals. No modification in the relative abundances of the four species is observed with respect to pp collisions within the statistical and systematic uncertainties
Measurement of D-0, D+, D*+ and D-s(+) production in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5:02 TeV
No full textWe report measurements of the production of prompt D0, D+, D*+ and Ds + mesons in Pb–Pb collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon pair sNN=5.02 TeV, in the centrality classes 0–10%, 30–50% and 60–80%. The D-meson production yields are measured at mid-rapidity (|y| 8 GeV/c, while it is larger at lower pT. The nuclear modification factors for strange and non-strange D mesons are also compared to theoretical models with different implementations of in-medium energy loss
Measurement of prompt D0, D+, D*+, and DS+ production in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV
No full textThe measurement of the production of prompt D0, D+, D*+, and DS+ mesons in proton–lead (p–Pb) collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sNN = 5.02 TeV, with an integrated luminosity of 292 ± 11 μb−1, are reported. Differential production cross sections are measured at mid-rapidity (−0.96 &lt; ycms&lt; 0.04) as a function of transverse momentum (pT) in the intervals 0 &lt; pT&lt; 36 GeV/c for D0, 1 &lt; pT&lt; 36 GeV/c for D+ and D*+, and 2 &lt; pT&lt; 24 GeV/c for D+ mesons. For each species, the nuclear modification factor RpPb is calculated as a function of pT using a proton-proton (pp) ref- erence measured at the same collision energy. The results are compatible with unity in the whole pT range. The average of the non-strange D mesons RpPb is compared with theoretical model predictions that include initial-state effects and parton transport model predictions. The pT dependence of the D0, D+, and D*+ nuclear modification factors is also reported in the interval 1 &lt; pT&lt; 36 GeV/c as a function of the collision centrality, and the central-to-peripheral ratios are computed from the D-meson yields measured in different centrality classes. The results are further compared with charged-particle measurements and a similar trend is observed in all the centrality classes. The ratios of the pT-differential cross sections of D0, D+, D*+, and DS+ mesons are also reported. The DS+ and D+ yields are compared as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity for several pT intervals. No modification in the relative abundances of the four species is observed with respect to pp collisions within the statistical and systematic uncertainties. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2019, The Author(s)
Report on the Second Workshop on Sustainable Software for Science: Practice and Experiences (WSSSPE2)
No full textThis technical report records and discusses the Second Workshop on Sustainable Software for Science: Practice and Experiences (WSSSPE2). The report includes a description of the alternative, experimental submission and review process, two workshop keynote presentations, a series of lightning talks, a discussion on sustainability, and five discussions from the topic areas of exploring sustainability; software development experiences; credit & incentives; reproducibility & reuse & sharing; and code testing & code review. For each topic, the report includes a list of tangible actions that were proposed and that would lead to potential change. The workshop recognized that reliance on scientific software is pervasive in all areas of world-leading research today. The workshop participants then proceeded to explore different perspectives on the concept of sustainability. Key enablers and barriers of sustainable scientific software were identified from their experiences. In addition, recommendations with new requirements such as software credit files and software prize frameworks were outlined for improving practices in sustainable software engineering. There was also broad consensus that formal training in software development or engineering was rare among the practitioners. Significant strides need to be made in building a sense of community via training in software and technical practices, on increasing their size and scope, and on better integrating them directly into graduate education programs. Finally, journals can define and publish policies to improve reproducibility, whereas reviewers can insist that authors provide sufficient information and access to data and software to allow them reproduce the results in the paper. Hence a list of criteria is compiled for journals to provide to reviewers so as to make it easier to review software submitted for publication as a “Software Paper.
Measurement of prompt D0, D+, D*+, and DS+ production in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV
No full textThe measurement of the production of prompt D0, D+, D∗+, and D+s mesons in proton–lead (p–Pb) collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of √sNN = 5.02 TeV, with an integrated luminosity of 292 ± 11 μb−1, are reported. Differential pro- duction cross sections are measured at mid-rapidity (−0.96 < ycms < 0.04) as a function of transverse momentum (pT) in the intervals 0 < pT < 36 GeV/c for D0, 1 < pT < 36 GeV/c for D+ and D∗+, and 2 < pT < 24GeV/c for D+s mesons. For each species, the nuclear modification factor RpPb is calculated as a function of pT using a proton-proton (pp) ref- erence measured at the same collision energy. The results are compatible with unity in the whole pT range. The average of the non-strange D mesons RpPb is compared with theoretical model predictions that include initial-state effects and parton transport model predictions. The pT dependence of the D0, D+, and D∗+ nuclear modification factors is also reported in the interval 1 < pT < 36 GeV/c as a function of the collision centrality, and the central-to-peripheral ratios are computed from the D-meson yields measured in different centrality classes. The results are further compared with charged-particle measurements and a similar trend is observed in all the centrality classes. The ratios of the pT-differential cross sections of D0, D+, D∗+, and D+s mesons are also reported. The D+s and D+ yields are compared as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity for several pT intervals. No modification in the relative abundances of the four species is observed with respect to pp collisions within the statistical and systematic uncertainties
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