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The twelve large colour prints of William Blake: a study on techniques, materials and context
No full textThe aim of this thesis is to study in entirety the group of large colour prints which William Blake made between 1795 and 1805. The series of prints represents the single most important and complete development of Blake’s skill as an innovative printmaker. Although they include some of Blake’s best-known images, they have not been studied before in their entirety or from the point of view of analysing the techniques and methods Blake had used. My study will show how Blake executed these truly impressive prints in terms of materials, method and motives. The first half of the thesis deals with the materialistic aspects of Blake’s colour printing. In chapter one tracing the controversial two-pull discussion to the root, I will make clear the focus points as well as revealing the early tradition of experimental criticism on Blake’s colour printing method. Focusing on two important critics, W. Graham Robertson and Ruthven Todd, and the periods they lived, I attempt to reveal the role they played in a wider context. Also I show how the tradition of Blake’s art was inherited directly through the Ancients to the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, which leads to Robertson and Todd. In the second chapter I deal with the development of Blake’s colour printing experiments. It is obvious that the Twelve Large Colour Prints were produced as a result of Blake’s series of colour printing experiments, starting with monocolour simple prints, going through the illuminated books progressing with more colours and higher skills
William Blake and the visionary poetry of the law.
No full textPhDThis dissertation examines the meaning of law in Blake's work. I argue that Blake's poetry
intersects with contemporaneous challenges to the traditional model of the ancient constitution,
a debate which I present as a conflict between custom and code. Blake's support for the French
Revolution's overthrow of the customary systems of the ancien regime is countered by his
nervousness about the rights-based discourse advanced by leading radical intellectuals such as
Thomas Paine, a belief that the new systems which they proposed merely re-stated those which
they sought to replace within an even narrower compass.
Law is also a contested ground within radical political discourse of this period; although the
dominant proposals advocated the enshrinement of fundamental rights and the codification of
law, there was also a tendency towards a more enthusiastic radicalism These millenarian
groups, emerging from antinomian heresy, rejected the notion of life being framed within a set
of moral laws. I argue that Blake cannot easily be placed in either group; his work exhibits a
fidelity to the redemptive potential of law, coupled with a real concern that to define freedoms
in legal terms serves to limit rather than to liberate.
Blake's work thus engages with a problem of the period: how to understand the new
discourses of law. The customary account of the ancient English conunon law is predicated on
the idea that it is codified, yet not written down; secular, though grounded in divine principle.
These ambivalences are exploited by Blake in his poetic exploration of the law in the 1790s. In
his nineteenth-century epics, Blake finds increasing help in dissenting religion's reconstruction
of a radicalized Jesus. Through this radical prophetic voice, Blake is able to construct a
redemptive legality founded on a deinstitutio-nalized Christianity, a constitutionalism that is
also recovered from the conventional customary account
Faith, feeling and gender in the writing of Hartley, Wollstonecraft and Blake
No full textThis thesis examines David Hartley’s Observations on Man (1749) and elucidates how Hartley’s mechanical approach to mind, his conception of emotion, and the religious status he awards the body were newly relevant after 1791. In this way it identifies a ‘Hartlean culture’ within the Romantic period and seeks to explore how such an intellectual climate influenced the radical writers William Blake (1757–1827) and Mary Wollstonecraft (1759–1797). Blake and Wollstonecraft were acquainted with the famous bookseller Joseph Johnson, who republished Observations on Man in various forms and versions between 1775 and 1801. They also had an association with Johnson’s circle; the Hartlean concepts found throughout their work evidence Hartley’s latent popularity within intellectual culture, as well as the writers’ engagement with contemporary philosophical ideas. I propose that the renewed curiosity in Hartley during the 1790s reveals a specific religious and revolutionary culture wherein non-conformist views about Christianity and new ideas about the body, emotion and women flourished. Such a cultural moment renders Hartley a particularly important figure for debate since he integrated progressive values about equality and faith alongside advancing understanding of anatomy and mind. Hartley identified how God and happiness could be found physically within each person. He did this by combining a complex theory of vibrations and theory of association, where the body and mind functioned mechanically through a person’s feelings of pleasure and pain. These feelings manifested as physical vibrations and eventually led every person to desire goodness until finally, they can become ‘Godlike’ themselves. Hartley’s amalgamation of Christian and new theoretical concepts appealed to Blake and Wollstonecraft, and was much unlike the approach of Joseph Priestley who abridged Observations in 1775 to promote a wholly ‘scientific’ text. In this way, we can see resonances between Hartley, Blake and Wollstonecraft, even if they existed in different cultural contexts. In rethinking Blake and Wollstonecraft through Hartley, I offer new insights into their feminism. In particular I attend to how Hartlean culture enabled these writers to re-imagine gender and emotion: Wollstonecraft reinstates the female experience back into Hartlean concepts in order to promote women’s emotional potential and what she understands as the special power of the female-female bond. Blake responds to both Wollstonecraft and Hartley with his elevation of the feminine, one that envisions new potential for both sexes, emotionally and spiritually. In both cases, the writers share a fascination for the image of the female saviour, and they use terminology and concepts found in Hartley’s work to communicate their views. In being attentive to the shared vocabulary and ideas of these three writers’ works, this thesis highlights the importance of David Hartley and Hartlean culture for the field of Romantic Studies. It also illuminates Observations on Man as a vital contribution to the intellectual context of the 1790s
A new and complete chart of the world [cartographic material] displaying the tracks of Capt'n. Cook, and other modern navigators /
No full textWorld map showing the tracks of Endeavour in 1768-1771, Resolution and Adventures in 1772-1775, Resolution and Discovery in 1776-1780, Racehorse and Carcass in 1773.; In upper margin: Engraved for Bankes's New system of Geography, published by Royal Authority.; Prime meridian: Greenwich.; Plate from vol. 1: A new royal authentic and complete system of universal geography antient and modern / T. Bankes, E.W. Blake and A. Cook. London : J. Cook, [1787-1810?]; Phillips, 665; Shirley, R. Maps in the atlases of the British Library, T-BANK-1a; Also available in an electronic version via the Internet at: http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-rm45
Job’s Gethsemane: tradition and imagination in William Blake’s illustrations for the book of job
No full textBlake created two versions of his Illustrations of the Book of Job, and it is now agreed that about twenty years separates his first watercolour series and the final engraved set of plates. The first chapter is biographical and technical: it establishes that the Butts series of water-colours was the product of the tumultuous and creative years 1805-10, following a time wh6n Blake experienced a strong sense of vision and Christian regeneration; whereas the engraved set was produced 1821-1826, at the end of his life. It also reviews all Blake's treatments of the Job theme. The friends-turned-accusers seem to have been a central pre-occupation. Blake's illustrations contain important elements which are not found in the Old Testament text. I have followed Bo Lindberg's principle that explanation should be sought in the artistic tradition, and in the work itself The second chapter concentrates on the tradition available to Blake, following and supplementing Lindberg's examination of the influence of the apocryphal Testament of Job, and of the artistic tradition of seeing Job as alter Christus and as Christian. Chapters three to five, interpreting Blake's imaginative use of this material, are new both in focussing on the Butts set, and in exploring the importance to Blake of St.Teresa, Fenelon, Mme. Guyon, Hervey and other people of prayer. Also discussed are Joseph Hallett's radical biblical commentary, of which Blake owned a copy, variant proofs discovered by Robert Essick of the first and last engraved plates, and the thirteenth century Job wall- paintings discovered in 1800 in St. Stephen's Chapel, Westminster. Blake's Job was unique in the corpus of his work. Previous studies have followed Wicksteed in concentrating on the engraved set, and no one has explored the implications of the earlier dating now agreed for the watercolour series. The thesis is essentially concerned with Blake's Christocentric theme, and Job's inner journey of prayer, in these illustrations. Conclusions drawn differ substantially from Wicksteed's
Illustration on Location
No full textAward-winning author and illustrator Robert J. Blake travels on location to research, sketch, and paint his picture books. Destinations have included the lditarod Race in Alaska, the Havasupai Native American Reservation in the Grand Canyon, and Marrawah, Tasmania. Creator of twenty-four picture books, Blake will offer a presentation about his children\u27s books, including slides of his illustrations; he will talk specifically about his process of working on location in remote areas of the world
Chaetozone adunca Blake 2022, new species
No full textChaetozone adunca new species Figures 15–16 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0936557E-257C-466D-8857-A24CF9309413 Chaetozone sp. 11: Blake et al. 1987: 61, 68, C-2; Maciolek et al. 1987b: D-2; Blake & Grassle 1994: 850, 855; Blake & Hilbig 1994: 883–884, 896; Hilbig 1994: 940. Chaetozone sp. B: Maciolek et al. 1987b: D-2 (in part). Chaetozone sp. 1: Maciolek et al. 1987b: D-2 (in part). Material examined. (407 specimens) Off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, US South Atlantic ACSAR Program, coll. J.A. Blake, Chief Scientist. Sta. 9: Cruise SA-3, Rep. 1, 22 Jul 1984, 35°28.30′N, 74°47.70′W, 579 m, holotype (USNM 1660944), 7 paratypes (USNM 1660945); Rep. 2, 22 Jul 1984, 3°28.40′N, 74°47.50′W, 614 m, 18 paratypes (USNM 1660946); Rep. 3, 22 Jul 1984, 35°28.30′N, 74°47.60′W, 598 m, 32 paratypes (USNM 1660947); Cruise SA-4, Rep. 1, 24 May 1985, 35°28.41′N, 74°47.44′W, 640 m, 23 paratypes (USNM 1660948); Rep. 2, 24 May 1985, 35°28.41′N, 74°47.56′W, 603 m, 9 paratypes (USNM 1660949); Rep. 3, 24 May 1985, 35°28.28′N, 74°47.52′W, 623 m, 25 paratypes (USNM 1660950); Cruise SA-5, Rep. 1, 25 Sep 1985, 35°28.41′N, 74°47.46′W, 629 m, 18 paratypes (USNM 1660951); Rep. 2, 25 Sep 1985, 35°28.41′N, 74°47.47′W, 629 m, 23 paratypes (USNM 1660952).— MMS Cape Hatteras Survey, August 1992, coll. J.A. Blake, Chief Scientist. Sta. SA-9: 35°28.36′N, 74°47.42′W, 620 m (57, USNM 1660953); Sta. CH-1: 35°42.47′N, 74°46.58′W, 804 m (15, USNM 1660954); Sta. CH-3, 35°37.08′N, 74°46.12′W, 812 m (7, USNM 1660955); Sta. CH-18: 35°30.01′N, 74°47.61′W, 530 m (1, USNM 1660956); Sta. CH-19: 35°29.79′N, 74°46.59′W, 812 m (13, USNM 1660957); Sta. CH-34: 35°25.10′N, 74°48.35′W, 775 m (8, USNM 1660958); Sta. CH-41: 35°22.19′N, 74°52.31′W, 590 m (6, USNM 1660959); Sta. CH-42: 35°21.28′N, 74°50.64′W, 785 m (1, USNM 1660960). — Off Cape Lookout, North Carolina, ACSAR, Sta. 2: Cruise SA-3, Rep. 1, 15 Jul 1984, 34°14.50′N, 75°43.90′W, 984 m (1, USNM 1660961); Rep 3, 15 Jul 1984, 34°15.00′N, 75°43.70′W, 1002 m (2, USNM 1660962).— Off Charleston, South Carolina, ACSAR Sta. 14: Cruise SA-4, Rep. 3, 20 May 1985, 32°23.67′N, 77°01.12′W, 803 m (1, USNM 1660963).— Off New England, U.S. North Atlantic ACSAR Program, coll. G.W. Hampson, Chief Scientist. Sta. 4: Cruise NA-2, Rep. 1, 28 Apr 1985, 40°21.23′N, 67°32.32′W, 563 m (3, USNM 1660964); Rep. 2, 28 Apr 1985, 40°21.23′N, 67°32.33′W, 572 m (6, USNM 1660965). Sta. 7: Cruise NA-1, Rep. 1, 10 Nov 1984, 40°27.54′N, 67°40.34′W, 560 m (19, USNM 1660966); Rep. 2, 10 Nov 1984, 40°27.49′N, 67°40.29′W, 560 m (21, USNM 1660967); Rep. 3, 10 Nov 1984, 40°27.52′N, 67°40.36′W, 560 m (1, USNM 1660968); Cruise NA-2, Rep. 1, 28 Apr 1985, 40°27.50′N, 67°40.27′W, 560 m (10, USNM 1660969); Rep. 2, 28 Apr 1985, 40°27.46′N, 67°40.22′W, 560 m (22, USNM 1660970); Rep. 3, 28 Apr 1985, 40°27.44′N, 67°40.19′W, 558 m (4, USNM 1660971); Cruise NA-3, Rep. 1, 06 Jul 1985, 40°27.47′N, 67°40.26′W, 556 m (22, USNM 1660972); Rep. 2, 06 Jul 1985, 40°27.50′N, 67°40.22′W, 555 m (12, USNM 1660973); Rep. 3, 06 Jul 1985, 40°27.48′N, 67°40.21′W, 560 m (18, USNM 1660974); Sta. 12: Cruise NA-2, Rep. 2, 04 May 1985, 39°54.26′N, 70°55.07′W, 555 m (1, USNM 1660975); Cruise NA-5, Rep. 2, 06 May 1986, 39°54.27′N, 70°55.17′W, 548 m (1, USNM 1660976); Cruise NA-6, Rep. 2, 30 Jul 1986, 39°54.26′N, 70°55.07′W, 559 m (1, USNM 1660977); Cruise NA-6, Rep. 3, 30 Jul 1986,, 39°54.24′N, 70°55.09′W, 563 m (1, USNM 1660978). Description. A moderately sized species, holotype with 75 setigers, 10.25 mm long, 0.5 mm wide across setiger 1, increasing over swollen anterior segments to 1.1 mm wide, and then decreasing posteriorly to 0.5 mm wide. Body variable in shape, larger specimens with a swollen thoracic region (Fig. 15A); most specimens with thorax only slightly enlarged (Fig. 16A–B). Individual segments short, narrow, about five times wider than long at first, with some middle thoracic segments 6–8 times wider than long in some specimens; posterior cinctured segments about twice as wide as long (Figs. 15B, 16F). Venter with shallow groove along most of body, absent in posterior cinctured segments. Dorsum with narrow groove in mid-body segments (Fig. 15A), reduced posteriorly. Posterior cinctured segments with deep intersegmental grooves (Figs. 15B, 16F) and a low elevated membrane from which capillaries and acicular spines emerge (Fig. 16B). Color in alcohol light tan; no apparent pigmentation. Pre-setiger region long, narrow, smooth, about as long as first ten setigers (Fig. 15A). Prostomium long, narrow, triangular, pointed anteriorly, merging seamlessly with peristomium (Fig. 15A); eyespots absent; nuchal organs narrow slits. Peristomium triangular, not divided into rings, with weakly developed shallow lateral grooves visible on some specimens; dorsum narrow, producing weakly developed dorsal crest (Fig. 15A). Peristomium merging seamlessly with setiger 1; dorsal tentacles arising from posterior margin with first pair of branchiae lateral to tentacles (Fig. 15A); second pair of branchiae dorsal to notosetae on setiger 1 and posterior to position of first branchiae; subsequent branchiae from setiger 2 in same location dorsal to notosetae; present along most of body, but most missing and reduced to stubs or scars. Parapodia of anterior and middle segments reduced to low ridges or mounds from which setae arise; posterior parapodia swollen, with low raised membrane from which setae arise forming prominent segmental cinctures on last 20–25 setigers. Setiger 1 and thoracic segments with 9–12 capillaries in notopodia and neuropodia; capillaries mostly of moderate size; a few long, natatory-like capillaries present or absent, but not associated with sexual maturity. Acicular spines first present in holotype from setiger 58 in notopodia and setiger 55 in neuropodia; spines 1–2 at first, increasing posteriorly, transitioning into full cinctures with 14 spines in notopodia and 13 neuropodia, up to 27 spines on a side (Fig. 16C); spines alternating with capillaries as long as or slightly longer than spines; cinctures with only narrow dorsal, lateral, and ventral gaps between noto- and neuropodial fascicles providing a prominent armature (Fig. 16C–D). Notopodial spines clearly longer than neuropodial spines (Fig. 16C). Individual spines with basal manubrium at emergence from podial lobes; spines curving and tapering gradually to narrow blunted tip at first (Figs. 15C, E–G, 16D–E); more posterior spines with narrow hooked tip (Fig. 15H–J); last 3–5 cinctures bearing spines where tip of hook curves back and merges with shaft (Figs. 15D, K). Body narrowing sharply in last few cinctured segments, terminating in simple pygidium with a small, semicircular disk ventral to anal opening (Figs. 15B, 16F). Methyl green staining. A distinct MG pattern present (Fig. 16G), with the entire pre-setiger region staining intensely, with only the tip of prostomium and a diagonal transverse band between the prostomium and peristomium not staining; about 9–10 anterior segments also retaining stain laterally and ventrally; rest of body only staining weakly, with no pattern; de-stains rapidly; pre-setiger and anterior segmental stain retained well after return to alcohol. Remarks. Chaetozone adunca n. sp. belongs to the C. curvata group and represents the eighth species to be reported with acicular spines having a narrow tip that curves back and merges with the shaft. Chaetozone adunca n. sp. differs from others in this group by having a smooth pre-setiger region that is not divided into separate rings and with most segments having the acicular spines narrowing to a blunt or curved tip, with the spines having recurved tips limited to the posteriormost cinctured segments. This transition from blunt-tipped spines to the recurved type has not been previously reported in the genus. Two other species in group are also reported in the present paper: C. anasima and C. brychiata n. sp. (see below). All known species in the C. curvata group are compared in Table 3. TABLE 3. (Continued) Abbreviations: ant, anterior; br, branchiae; neuro, neuropodium; noto, notopodium; per, peristomium; pr, prostomium; Set, setiger. Biology. Chaetozone adunca n. sp., as Chaetozone sp. 11, was reported as among the dominant species off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, during the ACSAR surveys (Blake et al. 1987, Blake & Grassle 1994) and the separate Cape Hatteras Survey (Blake & Hilbig 1994). Station 9 is an ACSAR upper continental slope station located at a depth of about 600 m in an area that exhibits high sedimentation rates and is influenced by the Western Boundary undercurrent (WBUC) and Gulf Stream (Blake & Grassle 1994). Perhaps because of the high sedimentation rates, infaunal densities at Station 9 at an average of 46,255 individuals per m 2 were the highest found at any location along the entire U.S. Atlantic continental slope (Blake et al. 1987; Blake & Grassle 1994). Similarly high densities were reported by Blake & Hilbig (1994) at stations (SA-9 and CH-1, CH-3, CH-18, CH-19, CH-34, CH-41 and CH-42) in the 500–800 m range as part of the separate Cape Hatteras survey. At total of 145 species of benthic invertebrates were identified as Station SA-9 from nine samples collected on three surveys as part of the ACSAR program (Blake & Grassle 1994). Chaetozone adunca n. sp. (as C. sp. 11) ranked 11 th out of 20 dominant species at Station 9. The five most abundant annelids identified at this site in order of abundance were Cossura longocirrata Webster & Benedict, 1887, Scalibregma inflatum, Rathke, 1843, Limnodriloides medioporus Cook, 1969, Tubificoides intermedius (Cook, 1969) and Aricidea quadrilobata Webster & Benedict, 1887. Chaetozone adunca n. sp. also occurred at several upper slope stations in the North Atlantic ACSAR program, but was never among the dominant species (Maciolek et al. 1987b). Etymology. The epithet is from the Latin, aduncus, for bent inward, in reference to the inwardly curved tip of some of the acicular spines of this species. Distribution. U.S. Atlantic continental slope, 530–1003 m.Published as part of Blake, James A., 2022, New species and records of Caulleriella, Chaetocirratulus and Chaetozone (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean, pp. 1-89 in Zootaxa 5113 (1) on pages 31-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5113.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/634099
Identification and ranking of critical assets within an electrical grid under threat of cyber attack
No full textThis paper examines the ranking of critical assets within an electrical grid under threat of cyber attack.1 Critical to this analysis is the assumption of zero hour exploits namely, the threat of an immediate attack as soon as a vulnerability is discovered. Modeling shows that over time load fluctuations as well as other system variations will change the importance of each asset in the delivery of bulk power. As opposed to classic stability studies where risk can be shown to be greatest during high load periods, the zero hour exploit-cyber-risk assumes that vulnerabilities will be attacked as soon as they are discovered. The probability of attacks is made uniform over time to include any and all possible attacks. Examining the impact of an attack and how the grid reacts immediately following an attack will identify and determine the criticality of each asset. This work endeavors to fulfill the NERC Critical Infrastructure Protection Requirements CIP-001-1 through CIP-009-2, cyber security requirements for the reliable supply of bulk power to customers throughout North America.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Blake R. Boye
Evidence for the decay B0→J/ψω and measurement of the relative branching fractions of meson decays to J/ψη and J/ψη′
No full textFirst evidence of the B 0 → J / ψ ω decay is found and the B s 0 → J / ψ η and B s 0 → J / ψ η ′ decays are studied using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb -1 collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV. The branching fractions of these decays are measured relative to that of the B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0 decay:frac(B (B 0 → J / ψ ω), B (B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0)) = 0.89 ± 0.19 (stat) - 0.13 + 0.07 (syst),frac(B (B s 0 → J / ψ η), B (B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0)) = 14.0 ± 1.2 (stat) - 1.5 + 1.1 (syst) - 1.0 + 1.1 (frac(f d, f s)),frac(B (B s 0 → J / ψ η ′), B (B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0)) = 12.7 ± 1.1 (stat) - 1.3 + 0.5 (syst) - 0.9 + 1.0 (frac(f d, f s)), where the last uncertainty is due to the knowledge of f d / f s, the ratio of b-quark hadronization factors that accounts for the different production rate of B 0 and B s 0 mesons. The ratio of the branching fractions of B s 0 → J / ψ η ′ and B s 0 → J / ψ η decays is measured to befrac(B (B s 0 → J / ψ η ′), B (B s 0 → J / ψ η)) = 0.90 ± 0.09 (stat) - 0.02 + 0.06 (syst)
Tudor to Stuart.
No full textIntroduction signed: J. P. Blake., A. E. Reveirs-Hopkins.Bibliography: p. xi.Mode of access: Internet
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