45 research outputs found
Effets d'un stress aigu sur le rappel mnésique : approches comportementale et endocrinienne chez la souris jeune et âgée
No full textNous avons évalué les conséquences sur un plan endocrinien et cognitif de l’administration d’un stress aigu chez la souris BalbC jeune (6 mois) ou d’âge moyen (16 mois). Le stress aigu a été appliqué 5, 60 ou 120 minutes avant la phase de rappel dans une épreuve de mémoire contextuelle. La concentration en corticostérone hippocampique a été mesurée avant et après le stress. Suite à l'administration du stress, elle augmente rapidement (dès 15 minutes post-stress) et est inversement liée au rappel mnésique. En effet, plus la concentration de corticostérone hippocampique est élevée, plus faible est la réponse hippocampe-dépendante. Les effets cognitif et endocrinien du stress ont été reproduits par l'administration de corticostérone dans l'hippocampe et ont été bloqués par la métyrapone. Le vieillissement accroit l’anxiété et induit des conséquences sur le plan mnésique comparable à celles du stress chez la souris jeune. De plus, la concentration de corticostérone hippocampique, basale ou en réponse au stress, est plus élevée et durable chez les animaux âgés, par rapport aux jeunes. Par ailleurs, l’administration de diazépam 30 minutes avant le rappel chez la souris d’âge-moyen atténue les effets délétères du stress sur la mémoire et la concentration hippocampique de corticostérone. Ces données suggèrent que la perturbation de l'axe HPA chez la souris âgée joue un rôle clef dans les troubles de mémoire hippocampe-dépendants induits par le vieillissement.The cognitive and endocrinal consequences of an acute stress were studied in young (6 months) and middle-aged (16 months) BalbC mice. Acute stress was delivered 5, 60 or 120 minutes before the retrieval phase of a contextual memory task. Hippocampal corticosterone concentration was measured before and after stress delivery by microdialysis. The acute stress induces a rapid hippocampal corticosterone rise in relation with a cognitive impairment. Indeed, when the level of hippocampal corticosterone is high, the cognitive performance of hippocampal-dependent memory is impaired. Moreover, the cognitive and endocrinal effects of stress were mimicked using corticosterone microinjection in the hippocampus, whereas metyrapone (an inhibitor of corticosterone synthesis) blocked it. The consequences of aging on memory retrieval are similar to stress effects in young mice. Furthermore, pre and post-stress hippocampal corticosterone concentration is higher in middle-aged as compared to young mice. In addition, the increase in hippocampal corticosterone is longer in middle-aged in contrast to young mice. Finally, the administration of diazepam in middle-aged mice (30 minutes before the retrieval test phase) attenuates the deleterious effects of an acute stress on memory retrieval and the increase in hippocampal corticosterone concentration. In conclusion, our data suggest that HPA axis dysregulation, observed in middle-aged subjects, plays a key role in episodic-like memory impairments induced by aging
Effets d'un stress aigu sur le rappel mnésique : approches comportementale et endocrinienne chez la souris jeune et âgée
No full textNous avons évalué les conséquences sur un plan endocrinien et cognitif de l’administration d’un stress aigu chez la souris BalbC jeune (6 mois) ou d’âge moyen (16 mois). Le stress aigu a été appliqué 5, 60 ou 120 minutes avant la phase de rappel dans une épreuve de mémoire contextuelle. La concentration en corticostérone hippocampique a été mesurée avant et après le stress. Suite à l'administration du stress, elle augmente rapidement (dès 15 minutes post-stress) et est inversement liée au rappel mnésique. En effet, plus la concentration de corticostérone hippocampique est élevée, plus faible est la réponse hippocampe-dépendante. Les effets cognitif et endocrinien du stress ont été reproduits par l'administration de corticostérone dans l'hippocampe et ont été bloqués par la métyrapone. Le vieillissement accroit l’anxiété et induit des conséquences sur le plan mnésique comparable à celles du stress chez la souris jeune. De plus, la concentration de corticostérone hippocampique, basale ou en réponse au stress, est plus élevée et durable chez les animaux âgés, par rapport aux jeunes. Par ailleurs, l’administration de diazépam 30 minutes avant le rappel chez la souris d’âge-moyen atténue les effets délétères du stress sur la mémoire et la concentration hippocampique de corticostérone. Ces données suggèrent que la perturbation de l'axe HPA chez la souris âgée joue un rôle clef dans les troubles de mémoire hippocampe-dépendants induits par le vieillissement.The cognitive and endocrinal consequences of an acute stress were studied in young (6 months) and middle-aged (16 months) BalbC mice. Acute stress was delivered 5, 60 or 120 minutes before the retrieval phase of a contextual memory task. Hippocampal corticosterone concentration was measured before and after stress delivery by microdialysis. The acute stress induces a rapid hippocampal corticosterone rise in relation with a cognitive impairment. Indeed, when the level of hippocampal corticosterone is high, the cognitive performance of hippocampal-dependent memory is impaired. Moreover, the cognitive and endocrinal effects of stress were mimicked using corticosterone microinjection in the hippocampus, whereas metyrapone (an inhibitor of corticosterone synthesis) blocked it. The consequences of aging on memory retrieval are similar to stress effects in young mice. Furthermore, pre and post-stress hippocampal corticosterone concentration is higher in middle-aged as compared to young mice. In addition, the increase in hippocampal corticosterone is longer in middle-aged in contrast to young mice. Finally, the administration of diazepam in middle-aged mice (30 minutes before the retrieval test phase) attenuates the deleterious effects of an acute stress on memory retrieval and the increase in hippocampal corticosterone concentration. In conclusion, our data suggest that HPA axis dysregulation, observed in middle-aged subjects, plays a key role in episodic-like memory impairments induced by aging
Doi moi in the mountains : land use changes and farmers' livelihood strategies in Bac Kan Province, Viet Nam
No full textMediodorsal thalamic lesions block the stress-induced inversion of serial memory retrieval pattern in mice
No full textThis study examines the effects of ibotenic acid lesions of the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus (MD) on serial contextual memory retrieval in non-stress and stress conditions. Independent groups of mice learned two successive contextual serial discriminations (D1 and D2) in a four-hole board. The discriminations differed each by the color and texture of the floor. Twenty-four hours later, memory testing occurred in independent groups of mice on one of the two floors of the initial acquisition session. Half of the subjects received three electric footschocks (0.9 mA, 2 s) 5 min prior to testing. Results showed that (i) stress induced a plasma corticosterone rise of same magnitude in sham-operated and MD-lesioned mice; (ii) non-stressed sham-operated mice accurately remembered D1 but not D2, whereas stressed sham-operated animals remembered D2 but not D1; (iii) non-stressed MD-lesioned mice exhibited a memory retrieval pattern similar to that observed in non-stressed sham-operated mice; (iv) however, the stress-induced inversion of the memory retrieval pattern was not observed in MD animals. The effects of MD lesions on memory retrieval in this task are similar to those observed in earlier studies in prefrontal cortex or amygdala-lesioned mice [Chauveau F, Piérard C, Coutan M, Drouet I, Liscia P, Béracochéa D. Prefrontal cortex or basolateral amygdala lesions blocked the stress-induced inversion of serial memory pattern in mice. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2008;90:395–403]; they are however in sharp contrast with mice exhibiting hippocampal lesions [Chauveau F, Pierard C, Tronche C, Coutan M, Drouet I, Liscia P, et al. The hippocampus and prefrontal cortex are differentially involved in serial memory retrieval in non-stress and stress condition. Neurobiol Learn Mem; in press; Chauveau F, Pierard C, Tronche C, Coutan M, Drouet I, Liscia P, et al. Rapid stress-induced corticosterone rise in the hippocampus reverses serial memory retrieval pattern. Hippocampus; in press]. Overall, the present findings highlight the involvement of the MD in an AMG/PFC system mediating the rapid effects of stress on serial memory retrieval
Interaction between diazepam and hippocampal corticosterone after acute stress: impact on memory in middle-aged mice
No full textBenzodiazepines (BDZ) are widely prescribed in the treatment of anxiety disorders associated to aging. Interestingly, whereas a reciprocal interaction between the GABAergic system and HPA axis has been evidenced, there is to our knowledge no direct evaluation of the impact of BDZ on both hippocampus (HPC) corticosterone concentrations and HPC-dependent memory in stressed middle-aged subjects. We showed previously that an acute stress induced in middle-aged mice severe memory impairments in a hippocampus-dependent task, and increased in parallel hippocampus corticosterone concentrations, as compared to non stressed middle-aged controls (Tronche et al., 2010). Based on these findings, the aims of the present study were to evidence the impact of diazepam (a positive allosteric modulator of the GABA-A receptor) on HPC glucocorticoids concentrations and in parallel on HPC-dependent memory in acutely stressed middle-aged mice.Microdialysis experiments showed an interaction between diazepam doses and corticosterone concentrations into the HPC. From 0.25 mg/kg to 0.5 mg/kg, diazepam dose-dependently reduces intra-HPC corticosterone concentrations and in parallel, dose-dependently increased hippocampal-dependent memory performance. In contrast, the highest (1.0mg/kg) diazepam dose induces a reduction in HPC corticosterone concentration, which was of greater magnitude as compared to the two other diazepam doses, but however decreased the hippocampal-dependent memory performance. In summary, our study provides first evidence that diazepam restores in stressed middle-aged animals the hippocampus-dependent response, in relation with HPC corticosterone concentrations. Overall, our data illustrate how stress and benzodiazepines could modulate cognitive functions depending on hippocampus activity
Grenoble : l'université et le CHU recherchent 100 volontaires pour une enquête européenne sur la santé et l'alimentation
No full textInterview sur le lancement de l'enquête par les scientifiques responsablesL'université grenoble Alpes et le CHU de la Tronche lancent une grande enquete européenne, institulée : "mesurer le bien-etre et la santé à la maison". Elle porte sur le rapport entre qualité de vie et alimentation, en partenariat avec les universités de Barcelone et d'Aberystwyth, au pays de galle
Effets d'un stress aigu sur le rappel mnésique (approches comportementale et endocrinienne chez la souris jeune et âgée)
No full textNous avons évalué les conséquences sur un plan endocrinien et cognitif de l administration d un stress aigu chez la souris BalbC jeune (6 mois) ou d âge moyen (16 mois). Le stress aigu a été appliqué 5, 60 ou 120 minutes avant la phase de rappel dans une épreuve de mémoire contextuelle. La concentration en corticostérone hippocampique a été mesurée avant et après le stress. Suite à l'administration du stress, elle augmente rapidement (dès 15 minutes post-stress) et est inversement liée au rappel mnésique. En effet, plus la concentration de corticostérone hippocampique est élevée, plus faible est la réponse hippocampe-dépendante. Les effets cognitif et endocrinien du stress ont été reproduits par l'administration de corticostérone dans l'hippocampe et ont été bloqués par la métyrapone. Le vieillissement accroit l anxiété et induit des conséquences sur le plan mnésique comparable à celles du stress chez la souris jeune. De plus, la concentration de corticostérone hippocampique, basale ou en réponse au stress, est plus élevée et durable chez les animaux âgés, par rapport aux jeunes. Par ailleurs, l administration de diazépam 30 minutes avant le rappel chez la souris d âge-moyen atténue les effets délétères du stress sur la mémoire et la concentration hippocampique de corticostérone. Ces données suggèrent que la perturbation de l'axe HPA chez la souris âgée joue un rôle clef dans les troubles de mémoire hippocampe-dépendants induits par le vieillissement.The cognitive and endocrinal consequences of an acute stress were studied in young (6 months) and middle-aged (16 months) BalbC mice. Acute stress was delivered 5, 60 or 120 minutes before the retrieval phase of a contextual memory task. Hippocampal corticosterone concentration was measured before and after stress delivery by microdialysis. The acute stress induces a rapid hippocampal corticosterone rise in relation with a cognitive impairment. Indeed, when the level of hippocampal corticosterone is high, the cognitive performance of hippocampal-dependent memory is impaired. Moreover, the cognitive and endocrinal effects of stress were mimicked using corticosterone microinjection in the hippocampus, whereas metyrapone (an inhibitor of corticosterone synthesis) blocked it. The consequences of aging on memory retrieval are similar to stress effects in young mice. Furthermore, pre and post-stress hippocampal corticosterone concentration is higher in middle-aged as compared to young mice. In addition, the increase in hippocampal corticosterone is longer in middle-aged in contrast to young mice. Finally, the administration of diazepam in middle-aged mice (30 minutes before the retrieval test phase) attenuates the deleterious effects of an acute stress on memory retrieval and the increase in hippocampal corticosterone concentration. In conclusion, our data suggest that HPA axis dysregulation, observed in middle-aged subjects, plays a key role in episodic-like memory impairments induced by aging.BORDEAUX1-Bib.electronique (335229901) / SudocSudocFranceF
Sous la Bastille : Turner à Grenoble
No full textLa version française de cet article, non publiée, est déposée dans les archives ouvertes de HAL AMUInternational audienceAs a geographer and with the supply of the numeric tools by internet for teledetection, the author was allowed to identify the real landscapes of two watercolours made by the painter William Turner during his travels in France ( property of Manchester Art Gallery):119.115:"Alpine landscape", represents "The Bastille in Grenoble from the valley of the Isère" up the river1947.1"Sisteron seen from the North" is also "The Bastille in Grenoble from the village of La Tronche"La formation de géographe et les outils actuels fournis sur internet par les géoportails pour la télédétection ont permis à l'auteur d'identifier deux aquarelles du peintre William Turner conservées à la Manchester Art Gallery avec des titres vagues ou erronés: 119.115: Paysage alpin,1947.109: Sisteron vu du nord.En fait la première représente" la Bastille de Grenoble vue de la vallée de l'Isère" à l'amont, et la seconde "le village de la Tronche au bord de l'Isère, avec la Bastille à l'arrière plan ouest"
Impact des dynamiques agraires sur les paysages de montagne au nord du Vietnam au cours de la décennie 1990
No full textThe extreme diversity of the mountainous zones of northern Vietnam causes national policies to have vastly different outcomes in different areas, even within the same province or district. In this paper, we examine the relationships between the biophysical and socioeconomic factors that shape peoples’ livelihood strategies and, ultimately, their standards of living.We combine a regional-level geographic approach with localized monographic studies to assess the effect of geographic conditions on rural development. After identifying the village as the elementary unit of natural resource management, we demonstrate that landscape composition is an important defining factor behind village production systems. Villages that have production systems based on wide valley bottoms cropped with irrigated rice tend to be compact and accessible. In contrast, villages in steeply-sloped forested areas tend to be spread out, inaccessible. The Doi moi reforms of the 1980s and 1990s have mostly benefited the former type of villages, populated mostly by the Tày and Kinh ethnic groups, while leaving behind the latter type, mostly Dao and H’mong. The geographic approach offers researchers a mechanism for identifying the villages in greatest need of technical assistance
Membrane Mineralocorticoid but not Glucocorticoid Receptors of the Dorsal Hippocampus Mediate the Rapid Effects of Corticosterone on Memory Retrieval
No full textInternational audienceThis study was aimed at determining the type of the glucocorticoid membrane receptors (mineralo or glucocorticoid receptors, MR or GR) in the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) involved in the rapid effects of corticosterone or stress on memory retrieval. For that purpose, we synthesized Cort-3CMO-BSA conjugate (a high MW complex which cannot cross the cell membrane) totally devoid of free corticosterone, stable in physiological conditions. In a first experiment, we evidenced that an acute stress (electric footshocks) induced both a dHPC corticosterone rise measured by microdialysis and memory retrieval impairment on delayed alternation task. Both the endocrinal and cognitive effects of stress were blocked by metyrapone (a corticosterone synthesis inhibitor). In a second experiment, we showed that bilateral injections of either corticosterone or Cort-3CMO-BSA in dHPC 15 minutes before memory testing produced impairments similar to those resulting from acute stress. Furthermore, we showed that anisomycin (a protein synthesis inhibitor) failed to block the deleterious effect of Cort-3CMO-BSA on memory. In a third experiment, we evidenced that intra-hippocampal injection of RU-28318 (MR antagonist) but not of RU 38486 (GR antagonist) totally blocked the Cort-3CMO-BSA-induced memory retrieval deficit. In a fourth experiment, we demonstrated that RU-28318 administered 15 minutes before stress blocked the stress-induced memory impairments when behavioral testing occurred 15 but not 60 minutes after stress. Overall, the present study provides strong in vivo evidence that the dHPC membrane glucocorticoid receptors, mediating the rapid and non-genomic effects of acute stress on memory retrieval, are of MR but not GR type
