1,001 research outputs found
Short-term effects of air pollution and temperature on daily morbidity in Chiang Mai Thailand
Get PDFAir pollution is associated with mortality and morbidity worldwide. Hot and cold temperature is also related to increased deaths and possibly hospital visits and admissions in many settings. Climate change is anticipated to pose increasing risks of deaths and illnesses associated with air pollution and temperature variations, particularly in developing world. To date, research studies about health effects of air pollution and temperature have been conducted in developed countries with cool climate more than in developing countries with subtropical or tropical climate. Furthermore, studies to identify susceptible populations are still limited. This study aims to investigate heath effects of air pollution and temperature and to identify people who are more susceptible to air pollution and temperature in a developing, tropical country, Thailand.
A regression analysis of retrospective time series data was employed to assess the shortterm effects of air pollution and temperature on daily out-patient visits and hospital admissions in Chiang Mai, Thailand, from October 2002 to September 2006. Generalised negative binomial regression was used to model the relationships between the exposure and health outcomes, controlling for seasonal patterns and other possible potential confounders. Lag effects up to 4 days for air pollution, and up to 13 days for temperature were considered. Effect modification by age, sex, occupation, season, and previous out-patient visits before admissions were also examined.
There were positive, but not significant, effects of air pollution for some pollutants (particularly for S02), with notably larger effect sizes compared to previous studies in Western countries. There was evidence of hot temperature effects (though wide confidence intervals), with an increase in diabetic visits of 26.3% (95% Cl, 7.1% to 49.0%), and in circulatory visits of 19.2% (95% Cl, 7.0% to 32.8%) for each 1°C increase in temperature above 29°C. There was a rise of both the visits (3.7% increase, 95% Cl, 1.5% to 5.9%) and admissions (5.8% increase, 95% Cl, 2.3% to 9.3%) due to intestinal infectious disease for each 1°C increase across the whole temperature range. Despite no statistically significant differences between subgroups, air pollution effects were stronger in the elderly, females and manual workers, whereas temperature effects were stronger in the elderly, male and unemployed people.
This study suggests that while there was little evidence of air pollution effects, there was significant evidence of high temperature effects on daily morbidity in Chiang Mai. The elderly seemed to be more vulnerable to the daily changes of both air pollution and temperature
Feeling Numbers: KP Brehmer and the Supermarket
Get PDFA publication that documents the presentation of To refuse/To wait/To sleep and M&A beginning on January 12, 2017, and continuing until complete. Jamie Hilder contributes an essay about KP Brehmer.final article publishe
Polynomial tau-functions of the KP, BKP, and the s -component KP hierarchies
No full text© 2021 Author(s). We show that any polynomial tau-function of the s-component KP and the BKP hierarchies can be interpreted as a zero-mode of an appropriate combinatorial generating function. As an application, we obtain explicit formulas for all polynomial tau-functions of these hierarchies in terms of Schur polynomials and Q-Schur polynomials, respectively. We also obtain formulas for polynomial tau-functions of the reductions of the s-component KP hierarchy associated with partitions in s parts
The KP equation of plane elastodynamics
No full textThe propagation of nonlinear and dispersive waves in various materials can be described by the well-known Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation, which is a (2 + 1)-dimensional partial differential equation. In this paper, we show that the KP equation can be used to describe the in-plane motion of compressible elastic solids with dispersion. Furthermore, a modified KP equation with cubic nonlinearity is obtained in the case of incompressible solids with dispersion. Then, several solutions of these partial differential equations are discussed and computed using a Fourier spectral method. In particular, both equations admit solitary wave solutions.The work of the first author was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme grant TBI-WAVES - H2020-MSCA-IF-2020 project 101023950. The work of the third author was partially supported by the PRIN research project ‘The mathematics and mechanics of nonlinear wave propagation in solids’ grant 2022P5–R22A and by GNFM of Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica (INDAM).peer-reviewe
From Toda hierarchy to KP hierarchy
Get PDFUsing the matrix-resolvent method and a formula of the second-named author on
the -point function for a KP tau-function, we show that the tau-function of
an arbitrary solution to the Toda lattice hierarchy is a KP tau-function. We
then generalize this result to tau-functions for the extended Toda hierarchy
(ETH) by developing the matrix-resolvent method for the ETH. As an example the
partition function of Gromov--Witten invariants of the complex projective line
is a KP tau-function, and an application on irreducible representations of the
symmetric group is obtained.Comment: 30 page
From Toda Hierarchy to KP Hierarchy
No full textUsing the matrix-resolvent method and a formula of the second-named author on the -point function for a KP tau-function, we show that the tau-function of an arbitrary solution to the Toda lattice hierarchy is a KP tau-function. We then generalize this result to tau-functions for the extended Toda hierarchy (ETH) by developing the matrix-resolvent method for the ETH. As an example, the partition function of Gromov-Witten invariants of the complex projective line is a KP tau-function, and an application to irreducible representations of the symmetric group is obtained.One of the authors, D.Y., is grateful to Marco Bertola, Boris Dubrovin, and Youjin Zhang for their advice. We thank Don Zagier for several insightful and helpful comments. We also thank the anonymous referees for constructive comments that helped to improve the presentation. The work is supported by NSFC (No. 12371254, No. 11890662) and CAS No. YSBR-032
Evaluasi Efektivitas Pengendalian Intern atas Penerimaan dan Pengeluaran Barang Dagangan Pada KP-RI Universitas Jember
Get PDFThis study aims to determine: (1) Implementation of internal controls over receiptsm and expenditures of merchandise at KP-RI Jember University if it is appropriate to elements of internal controls in SPAP 2011. (2) Measure the effectiveness of internal controls over receiptsm and expenditures of merchandise at KP-RI Jember University. Research type used is qualitative research. Data collection technique used observation, interview, documentation, and questionnaire. Based on the results obtained: (1) Implementation of internal controls over receiptsm and expenditures of merchandise at KP-RI Jember University is in compliance with elements of internal controls in SPAP 2011. (2) Internal controls over receiptsm and expenditures of merchandise at KP-RI Jember University already operating effectively, this is evidenced by the results of measuring the effectiveness of internal control that has been done by the author
Host erythrocyte polymorphisms and exposure to Plasmodium falciparum in Papua New Guinea.
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69991.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)BACKGROUND: The protection afforded by human erythrocyte polymorphisms against the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, has been proposed to be due to reduced ability of the parasite to invade or develop in erythrocytes. If this were the case, variable levels of parasitaemia and rates of seroconversion to infected-erythrocyte variant surface antigens (VSA) should be seen in different host genotypes. METHODS: To test this hypothesis, P. falciparum parasitaemia and anti-VSA antibody levels were measured in a cohort of 555 asymptomatic children from an area of intense malaria transmission in Papua New Guinea. Linear mixed models were used to investigate the effect of alpha+-thalassaemia, complement receptor-1 and south-east Asian ovalocytosis, as well as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and ABO blood group on parasitaemia and age-specific seroconversion to VSA. RESULTS: No host polymorphism showed a significant association with both parasite prevalence/density and age-specific seroconversion to VSA. CONCLUSION: Host erythrocyte polymorphisms commonly found in Papua New Guinea do not effect exposure to blood stage P. falciparum infection. This contrasts with data for sickle cell trait and highlights that the above-mentioned polymorphisms may confer protection against malaria via distinct mechanisms
KP solitons and the Grassmannians: combinatorics and geometry of two-dimensional wave patterns
No full textThis is the first book to treat combinatorial and geometric aspects of two-dimensional solitons. Based on recent research by the author and his collaborators, the book presents new developments focused on an interplay between the theory of solitons and the combinatorics of finite-dimensional Grassmannians, in particular, the totally nonnegative (TNN) parts of the Grassmannians. The book begins with a brief introduction to the theory of the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation and its soliton solutions, called the KP solitons. Owing to the nonlinearity in the KP equation, the KP solitons form very complex but interesting web-like patterns in two dimensions. These patterns are referred to as soliton graphs. The main aim of the book is to investigate the detailed structure of the soliton graphs and to classify these graphs. It turns out that the problem has an intimate connection with the study of the TNN part of the Grassmannians. The book also provides an elementary introduction to the recent development of the combinatorial aspect of the TNN Grassmannians and their parameterizations, which will be useful for solving the classification problem. This work appeals to readers interested in real algebraic geometry, combinatorics, and soliton theory of integrable systems. It can serve as a valuable reference for an expert, a textbook for a special topics graduate course, or a source for independent study projects for advanced upper-level undergraduates specializing in physics and mathematics
High frequency somatosensory stimulation in dystonia: Evidence for defective inhibitory plasticity
No full textBackground: Apart from motor symptoms, multiple deficits of sensory processing have been demonstrated in dystonia. The most consistent behavioural measure of this is abnormal somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold, which has recently been associated with physiological measures of reduced inhibition within the primary somatosensory area. High-frequency repetitive sensory stimulation is a patterned electric stimulation applied to the skin through surface electrodes that has been recently reported to shorten somatosensory temporal discrimination in healthy subjects and to increase the resting level of excitability in several different types of inhibitory interaction in the somatosensory and even motor areas.
Objectives: We tested whether high-frequency repetitive sensory stimulation could augment cortical inhibition and, in turn, ameliorate somatosensory temporal discrimination in cervical dystonia.
Methods: Somatosensory temporal discrimination and a number of electrophysiological measures of sensorimotor inhibition and facilitation were measured before and after 45 minutes of high-frequency repetitive sensory stimulation.
Results: As compared with a group of healthy volunteers of similar age, in whom high-frequency repetitive sensory stimulation increased inhibition and shortened somatosensory temporal discrimination, patients with cervical dystonia showed a consistent, paradoxical response: they had reduced suppression of paired-pulse somatosensory evoked potentials, as well as reduced high-frequency oscillations, lateral inhibition, and short interval intracortical inhibition. Somatosensory temporal discrimination deteriorated after the stimulation protocol, and correlated with reduced measures of inhibition within the primary somatosensory cortex.
Conclusions: We suggest that patients with dystonia have abnormal homeostatic inhibitory plasticity within the sensorimotor cortex and that this is responsible for their paradoxical response to high-frequency repetitive sensory stimulation
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