65 research outputs found
Повреждаемость роторов паровых турбин в результате асинхронных подключений электрогенераторов к объединенной энергосистеме
Get PDFThe article aims to contribute to the ongoing study of damage to steam turbine rotors resulting from asynchronous connection of electric generators to the unified power system. At the present time, the assessment of the residual life of steam turbine equipment is based on the study of the degradation of the mechanical properties of steels and the analysis of the thermal stress state. The aim of this work was to determine the impact of such vibrations on the mechanical properties of rotors and their damage. This goal was achieved by solving the following tasks: developing a 3D model of the K-1000-60/3000 LMZ turbine unit shaft based on design documentation; calculating the stress-strain state of the shaft resulting from asynchronous connections using finite element analysis; and evaluating the level of metal damage in the rotors due to torsional vibrations. The developed mathematical model used a classical approach, replacing the working blades and bandage fastenings with concentrated masses and moments of inertia. The most important results are the calculated rotor damages that occur due to asynchronous connection of the turbogenerator to the unified power system with a synchronization angle of 30°. The greatest damage to the rotor metal was found in the shaft section between the steam turbine and the electric generator. The significance of the results obtained is that the use of this data will improve methods for assessing the remaining life of turbogenerators. This, in turn, will improve the reliability and safety of power plant operations.Articolul își propune să contribuie la studiul în curs de desfășurare a deteriorării rotoarelor turbinelor cu abur rezultate din conectarea asincronă a generatoarelor electrice la sistemul de alimentare unificat. În prezent, evaluarea duratei reziduale a echipamentelor cu turbine cu abur se bazează pe studiul degradării proprietăților mecanice ale oțelurilor și pe analiza stării de solicitare termică. Scopul lucrării a fost de a determina impactul unor astfel de vibrații asupra proprietăților mecanice ale rotoarelor și deteriorarea acestora. Acest obiectiv a fost atins prin rezolvarea următoarelor sarcini: dezvoltarea unui model 3D al arborelui turbinei K-1000-60/3000 LMZ pe baza documentației de proiectare; calcularea stării de tensiune-deformare a arborelui rezultată din conexiuni asincrone utilizând analiza cu elemente finite; și evaluarea nivelului de deteriorare a metalelor în rotoare din cauza vibrațiilor de torsiune. Modelul matematic dezvoltat a folosit o abordare clasică, înlocuind lamele de lucru și prinderile de bandaj cu mase concentrate și momente de inerție. Cele mai importante rezultate sunt avariile calculate ale rotorului care apar din cauza conexiunii asincrone a turbogeneratorului la sistemul de alimentare unificat cu un unghi de sincronizare de 30°. Cea mai mare deteriorare a metalului rotorului a fost găsită în secțiunea arborelui dintre turbina cu abur și generatorul electric. Semnificația rezultatelor obținute este că utilizarea acestor date va îmbunătăți metodele de evaluare a duratei de viață rămase a turbogeneratoarelor. Acest lucru, la rândul său, va îmbunătăți fiabilitatea și siguranța operațiunilor centralei electrice.Статья посвящена исследованию повреждаемости роторов паровых турбин, возникающей вследствие асинхронных подключений электрогенератора к объединенной энергосистеме. Продолжительная эксплуатация паровых турбин в сложных технологических условиях приводит к образованию усталостных трещин в конструктивных элементах турбоагрегатов, что может стать причиной аварийных ситуаций и катастрофических разрушений. Пока оценка остаточного ресурса паротурбинного оборудования выполняется на основе исследования деградации механических свойств сталей и анализе термонапряженного состояния ротора и корпуса турбоагрегата. При этом не учитывают усталостных повреждений роторов, возникающих из-за крутящих колебаний вала во время асинхронных подключений. Цель этой работы заключалась в определении влияния таких колебаний на механические свойства роторов и их повреждаемость. Поставленная цель достигалась путем решения следующих задач: разработка 3D модели вала турбоагрегата К-1000-60/3000 ЛМЗ на основе конструкторской документации; расчет методом конечно-элементного анализа напряженно-деформированного состояния вала вследствие асинхронного подключения; оценка уровня повреждения металла роторов в результате крутильных колебаний. В разработанной математической модели использовался классический подход с заменой рабочих лопаток и бандажных креплений на сосредоточенные массы и моменты инерции. Наиболее важными результатами являются рассчитанные повреждения роторов, возникающие в результате асинхронного подключения турбогенератора к объединенной энергосистеме с углом синхронизации 30°. Наибольшее повреждение металла роторов было обнаружено на участке вала между паровой турбиной и электрогенератором. В частности, после 156 асинхронных подключений уровень повреждения металла составил 10,686%. Значимость полученных результатов заключается в том, что использование этих данных позволит усовершенствовать методы оценки остаточного ресурса турбоагрегатов, что, в свою очередь, повысит надежность и безопасность эксплуатации энергетических установок
Features of prolongation of the service life of high- and intermediate-pressure rotors of K-200-130 steam turbine of Luhansk TPP
No full textIdentifycation of Students Who Need Special Conditions in Education Process
No full textМирошникова Ольга Юрьевна, аспирант кафедры безопасности жизнедеятельности,
Южно-Уральский государственный университет, г. Челябинск, [email protected]. O.Yu. Miroshnikova, [email protected]
South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian FederationРазвитие интеграции в образовании, активная деятельность центров психолого-педагогической и медико-социальной помощи, попытки обеспечить психолого-педагогическое
сопровождение в образовательных организациях подтверждают успешность развития
инклюзии в Российской Федерации. Инклюзивное образование обеспечивает доступ всех
категорий детей к качественному образованию, устранению препятствий связи с миром и
интеграции в общество в целом. На сегодняшний день важной проблемой является определение последовательности этапов обследования ребёнка для подтверждения потребности в создании для него особых условий в образовательном процессе. Также не сформулировано единое мнение о важности участия конкретных специалистов в обследовании
ребёнка, этапах выявления детей, нуждающихся в создании специальных условий. В рамках исследования «Подготовка педагогов общеобразовательных организаций к работе
в условиях инклюзивного образования» мы считаем необходимым ознакомить педагогов
с технологией выявления обучающихся, нуждающихся в разработке индивидуального образовательного маршрута и создании специальных условий образования. Актуальность
исследования подтверждается увеличением числа детей с особыми образовательными потребностями по данным мониторинга службы инклюзивного образования по Челябинской
области на 2019–2020 учебный год. В статье описаны этапы процесса выявления детей,
а также особенности и параметры обследования обучающегося. Для минимизации проблемы субъективности оценки ребёнка автор предлагает организовать процесс по параметрам и показателям, приведенным в статье. The development of integration in education, active work of psychological-pedagogical and
medico-social assistance, attempts to provide psychological and pedagogical support in educational
institutions confirm the successful development of inclusion in the Russian Federation.
To date, an important problem is to determine the sequence of specialists a child goes through to
confirm the need to create special conditions. Also, there is no consensus on the importance of
the participation of specialists, the stages of identifying children who need special conditions.
In the framework of the study “Training teachers of general education organizations to work in
an inclusive education environment”, we consider it necessary to describe the technology for
identifying students who need to develop an individual educational route and create special educational
conditions. The relevance of the study is confirmed by an increase in the number of
children with special educational needs according to the monitoring of the service for inclusive
education in the Chelyabinsk region for the 2019–2020 academic year. The article describes
the stages of the process of identifying children, as well as the features and parameters of the students’
survey. To minimize the problem of subjectivity of the child's assessment, the author suggests
organizing the process according to the parameters and indicators given in the article
Motivation Scheme for Software Developers
No full textВиноградова Олеся Юрьевна, руководитель отдела веб-разработки компания X-Cart; магистр техники и технологии по направлению «Приборостроение» факультета «Информационные системы и технологии», Ульяновский государственный технический университет (г. Ульяновск), part.of.reason @gmail.com
O.Yu. Vinogradova1,2
1 X-Cart Company, Ulyanovsk, Russian Federation
2 Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Ulyanovsk, Russian FederationВ статье проводится обобщение стандартов управления процессами в IT-компаниях, обзор теорий мотивации, методы оценки эффективности персонала, плюсы и минусы введения показателей эффективности персонала, а также необходимость использования их в бизнес-процессах IT- компаний. Также рассматривается необходимость и возможность использования KPI при оценке труда таких технических специалистов, как разработчиков программного обеспечения, а также дается рабочий пример мотивационной схемы, построенной на основе KPI в виде схемы оплаты труда.
Актуальность статьи не вызывает сомнения, так как в современном обществе информационные технологии занимают значительное место, и вопрос управления и мотивации персонала, обеспечивающего техническую реализацию внутренних и внешних проектов любой организации, определяет ее успешность и эффективность на рынке.
Анализ существующих стандартов управления в IT доказывает необходимость использования метрик и показателей эффективности бизнес-процессов, которые, в свою очередь, напрямую зависят от показателей эффективности участников отдельных участников процесса. Выделяется несколько ключевых показателей в процессе разработки, которые можно применить в оценке эффективности результатов труда разработчиков, и предлагается использование этих показателей как элемент системы мотивации.
The article considers the need to measure the performance and productivity of staff, its pros and cons, as well as the need to use them in business processes of IT-companies. The necessity and possibility of using KPI in evaluating the work of staff members based on the example of software developers are considered, and a working example of using a motivation scheme based on KPI in a payroll scheme is given.
Relevance of the article is not in a doubt, since information technologies occupy a significant place in a nowadays society, and the issue of correct management and motivation of staff involved into the technical implementation of internal and external projects of any organization determines its success and effectiveness in the market.
Analysis of the existing IT management standards proves the necessity to use metrics and indicators of efficiency of business processes, which in turn depend directly on performance indicators of independent participants of the process. The author singles out several key indicators within the development process that can be applied for assessment of the effectiveness of developers’ efforts, and proposes using these indicators as an element of the motivation system
Re-Extension of 200 MW Turbine Cast Casing Service
Get PDFTo date, the fleet service life of a significant number of DTEK Energy power units is ex-ceeded. In particular, this relates to the structural components of the K-200-130-3 steam turbine of the power unit No. 9 of DTEK Luganskaya TPP. There is a need to make a decision on the admissibility of further exploitation. This requires a comprehensive study of the technological state of the base metal and the check calculation of its most critical high-temperature elements. A complex of such works was performed earlier in 2009. A special feature of re-extending the service life of this power unit is the super long fleet equipment operating time, presence of damages in the form of cracks and crack surfaces in the high- and intermediate-pressure cylinder casings, as well as the active involvement of equipment to operate in maneuverable modes when covering peaks of electrical load. This paper assesses the residual life of casings on the basis of three-dimensional models of the K-200-130-3 steam turbine high-pressure (HP) and intermediate- pressure (IP) cylinder casings. In doing so, the paper takes into account the actual operating conditions according to the damage data obtained from the results of inspecting the power equip-ment metal condition during preventive maintenance overhauls. The calculation of tem-perature fields is performed for typical operation modes, namely stationary operation at nominal power and starts from cold, warm, and hot states. The boundary value problem of heat conduction was solved using the finite element method of computational domain discretization. The calculation of the stress-strain state (SSS) was made taking into ac-count the effects of the main types of forces − temperature stresses, uneven temperature fields, forces from the steam atmosphere pressure, supporting forces. The maximum stress intensities for all the investigated modes of operation are observed in the toroidal parts of cylinder casings in the region of steam admission and correspond to the crack formation zones that were determined during the non-destructive testing of the metal. The assess-ment of long-term strength and low-cycle fatigue resistance showed that the residual life of the high-pressure cylinder (HPC) casing is satisfactory, and allows extending the op-eration by 100 thousand hours with standard safety factors. For the intermediate-pressure cylinder (IPC) casing, the residual life is 50 thousand hours with reduced safety factors
Кримінологічний Та Психологічний Аналіз Кібербулінгу
No full textThe article is devoted to the research of the modem social phenomenon - bulling. The author analyzes the concepts and features of bulling. Summarizing the positions of scientists, the author highlights the following signs of bulling: 1) intentional acts; 2) long-term or / and systematic (repetitive) actions; 3) collective nature; 4) the role structure; 5) aggressiveness; 6) power imbalance between the victim and the aggressor; 7) bullying is a behavior; 8) has a personal purpose; 9) has no signs of selfdefense. The article offers a universal classification of types of bulling, in particular physical bulling (acts of aggressive nature (beating, pushing, striking, striking); social bullying (creating a tense atmosphere for learning, to form a superficial attitude of the group, even teachers or school staff to the victim, boycott, isolation, persecution); verbal bulling (threats, humiliation, ridicule, hostile facial expressions and gestures, abusive nicknames); economic bulling (seizure of money and material things, damage of personal property); sexual bullying (humiliating gestures, jokes of a sexual nature, coercion to certain negative actions, shooting in dressing rooms); cyberbullying (messaging, images, photos, videos, harassing, abusive behavior, hacking into personal mailboxes or accounts, corrupting personal information, abusive behavior in chats, social networks, and mobile). In addition, special attention has been paid to preventing this negative phenomenon. As a result of the research, the author proposes changes to the current legislation in the field of counteraction to billing, in particular the need to clarify the actions as long-term and systematic, as well as to provide for the possibility of conducting of bulling by a group of people or bulling against of group of people. The author considers it necessary to further define bulling as an act having a personal purpose.Стаття присвячена дослідженню одного із видів булінгу - кібербулінгу. Автор аналізує поняття та ознаки кібербулінгу. В статті розглядається класифікація видів кібербулінгу. Автором виділяються причини, що сприяють поширенню даного негативного явища. Окрім цього, окрему увагу приділено засобам запобігання кібербулінгу
Some Issues of Gender Discrimination in Labour Relations
No full textThe article analyzes various aspects of gender equality which are stipulated in legislation regulating labour relationship. The author aims to research various aspects of discrimination by gender in labour relations, to identify and analyze the major problems which prevent counteraction to gender discrimination in labour law.
One of the main priorities in development of Ukrainian legislation is to ensure gender equality not only in labour relations but also in other spheres of public life. That is why persons who enter labour relationship expect the state to ensure the principle of equality which prohibits discrimination.
For better understanding of the problem the article provides a short theoretical analysis of the problem as well as lists national and international legislation which nowadays ensures equality of rights based on gender. The author also the draft law of a new Labour Code which is not under consideration of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine but is still important to be researched from historical perspective. In order to analyze the compliance with principle of equality in labour law the article has analyzed various types pf labour relationship between the employer and the employee or a future employee. The author also investigates pre-labour relationship which is undergoing the interview and advertisement (placement of vacancies). It is essential to mention that the article has also analyzed the means for ensuring the principle of equality in labour relationship by the state. It is noteworthy to state that important and actual problems which should be solved and regulated have been identified during such kind of an analysis.
In conclusion the author, first, focuses on relations which are not sufficiently regulated and provides alternative options for solution of these problems and, second, mentions the relationship which should be regulated by dispositive method to keep the freedom of choice for the employer and employee.
At the same time the author realizes that the list of problems is not exhaustive, and the solutions are not ideal and thorough. That is why it is necessary to continue investigating the issue of gender discrimination in labour law
Reform of the Treaty on the European Union: Implement Impossible Abandon
Get PDFThe article addresses the discussions in the European Union that broke out after closing of the Conference on the future of Europe. The author consistently analyzes the positions of the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission, while identifying differences between both EU institutions and Member States. The stumbling block is the prospects for the EU institutional reform, which can be carried out both by changing the Treaty on the European Union and without convening the Convention, but only by applying the «passerelle» clause, which provides an opportunity to move from unanimity to voting by qualified majority in the Council on a number of important issues. The author emphasizes that an additional motivation for the European Parliament to call for cancelling of unanimity was the threat of blocking sanctions against Russia by certain countries. The second part of the article examines the development of European Political Community (EPC), the idea, which was put forward by French President Macron at the end of the Conference. The author argues that the plans to create the EPC as a «light legal structure with decisionmaking powers» are directly related to implementation of institutional reform, namely, unanimity cancelling. Thus, scientific and political discussions are conducted around fundamental directions – the ratio of deepening and expanding European integration
Булінг: Юридико-Психологічний Аналіз Та Запобігання
No full textThe article is devoted to the research of contemporary social phenomenon - bullying. The author analyzes notion and features of bullying. A universal classification of types of bullying are proposed in the article. Therefore, a special attention is paid to the ways of prevention of this negative phenomenon. As a result of the study, the author proposes to apply changes to the current legislation in the sphere of counteraction of bullying.Стаття присвячена дослідженню актуального на сьогоднішній день соціального явища - булінгу. Автор аналізує поняття та ознаки булінгу. В статті запропонована універсальна класифікація видів булінгу. Окрім цього, окрему увагу приділено засобам запобігання даному негативному явищу. В результаті дослідження автором пропонуються зміни до чинного законодавства у сфері протидії булінгу.
 
On some locally soluble infinite dimensional linear groups
Get PDFThe author investigates nonabelian locally soluble linear groups of infinite fundamental dimension and of infinite section p-rank all of whose proper nonabelian subgroups of infinite section p-rank are of finite fundamental dimension. The solubility of these groups is proved
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