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Cheek, J N, VX35608
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/376845Surname: CHEEK
Given Name(s) or Initials: J N
Military Service Number or Last Known Location: VX35608
Missing, Wounded and Prisoner of War Enquiry Card Index Number: 16659190604
Item: [2016.0049.09150] "Cheek, J N, VX35608
Hibiscus hareyae L. A. J. Thomson & Cheek 2020, sp. nov.
No full text<p> <b>Hibiscus hareyae</b> <i>L.A.J.Thomson & Cheek</i> <b>sp. nov.</b></p> <p>Type: Tanzania, Lindi Province, “Collected July 1877. Lindi, E. Africa, Lat. 9 40’ South this extends its habitats a little further South than before”, <i>Kirk</i> s.n. (holotype K00240493!) (Fig. 1).</p> <p>http://www.ipni.org/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77213108-1</p> <p>Syn. <i>Hibiscus schizopetalus</i> auct., non (Dyer) Hook.f. sensu Mwachala (2009: 60) pro parte</p> <p> <i>Deciduous erect, sprawling, to scandent shrub</i>, 2 – 4 m tall, to 6 m wide, often leafless or near-leafless at onset of flowering. Branches slender, pendulous arching to the ground; bark grey with white blotches. Branchlets light grey-green, becoming waxy-white, smooth or finely ridged, 2 – 3 mm diam., internodes 1.2 – 1.8 (– 4.5) cm long, glabrous. <i>Leaves</i> deciduous during the dry season; light green above, ovate, oblong or elliptic, 1.8 – 3.0 (– 4.7) × 0.9 – 1.5 – 1.8 (– 3.5) cm, apex obtuse-rounded, base obtuse, finally abruptly rounded, nerves palmate at base, midrib with 2 – 3 secondary nerves on each side of the midrib, nerves prominent below; teeth (1 –) 3 – 5 (– 10) per side, large rounded-crenate, 1 (– 2) × c. 2 – 3 (– 5) mm, margin slightly thickened, lined with appressed, simple, stout, colourless unicellular hairs c. 0.3 mm long, abaxial surface of leaf with pale golden stellate hairs thinly scattered, 0.3 (– 0.5) mm diam., arms appressed, stout. Stipules brown-purple, glossy, broadly triangular, 0.5 – 1.25 × 0.5 – 1 mm, sparsely hairy, persistent for several nodes from stem apex. Petiole 3 – 6 (– 50) mm long, slightly canaliculate, densely pubescent with long, white, sinuous simple hairs 0.3 mm long, tapering to a long acute apex. <i>Flowers</i> often on leafless branches, 6 – 8.5 cm wide, solitary or more typically clustered in upper leafless axils on pendant peduncle-pedicels. Pedunclepedicels stout 0.4 – 2 (– 4.5) cm long, longitudinally ridged, sparsely puberulent with a mixture of stellate and simple hairs, stellate hairs 3 – 7-armed, 1 – 2.5 mm wide, simple hairs patent, 0.5 – 1 mm long, when immature densely papillate with multicellular papillae 0.05 mm long. <i>Epicalyx bracts</i> 7 – 8, united at base forming a shallow cup 0.5 – 1 × 2 – 3 mm, bracts pale green, 1.5 – 4 × 1 – 1.2 mm, narrow-lanceolate, outer surface sparsely covered (c. 10% of surface) mainly in stellate hairs 3 – 4- armed, 1 – 2 mm long, simple hairs 0.5 – 1.5 mm long. <i>Calyx</i> pale green, slightly campanulate, tube c. 2 cm long × 4 mm wide at base to 1 cm wide at apex, 3 – 4-lobed, lobes triangular 4 – 5 mm long, outer surface sparsely covered (10 – 20% of surface) in mainly simple, patent hairs 0.5 – 1 mm long, with a few stellate hairs (as epicalyx). <i>Petals</i> 5, shortly clawed, claw c. 0.3 × 0.2 cm, laterally compressed, blade ovate-elliptic, c. 3 – 3.5 × 2.5 – 3 cm, pinnatifid, divided 1 <i>=</i> 2 – 2 <i>=</i> 3 to the midline, c. 8 segments each side, with the distal segments 1 – 2 mm wide and bifid or trifid, basal segment pair, oblong, 1 – 1.3 × 0.5 cm, segments slightly recurved, adaxial surface deep rose-pink or burgundy red, with an extensive (50 – 75%) white/pale pink basal zone, abaxial surface rosecrimson, also described as red (<i>Kayombo</i> 4590, MO) or red and yellow (<i>Semsei</i> S 633, K). Staminal column (4 –) 5 – 6 cm long, rose pink, slender, antheriferous in terminal 25 – 30%. Stamens 100 – 110, filaments 7 – 10 mm long, pink, anthers orange, oblong 7 – 9 × 5 – 6 mm, pollen yellow or orange. <i>Style</i> exserted c. 1 cm beyond androecium, then dividing into 5, slender, spreading branches, c. 14 – 20 mm long, crimson. Stigma pads minute-capitate, c. 1 mm diameter, crimson. <i>Fruit</i> 5- valved capsule, c. 2.2 cm long × 0.8 cm wide, pale-green, valves acuminate. Seeds unknown. Figs 1 – 3.</p> <p> <b>RECOGNITION</b>. Within <i>Hibiscus</i>, <i>H. hareyae</i> and <i>H. schizopetalus</i> are the only two species with laciniate petals. <i>Hibiscus hareyae</i> is readily distinguished from <i>H. schizopetalus</i> by its much shorter and non-articulated peduncle-pedicels (0.4 – 2 cm long vs 8 – 14 cm long and articulated); longer and broader epicalyx bracts, (1.5 – 4 × 1 – 1.2 mm vs 0.6 – 1.5 × 0.1 – 0.3 (0.5) mm, the epicalyx forming a shallow cup 0.5 – 1 × 2 – 3 mm, vs bracts appearing free (for additional diagnostic characters see Table 1).</p> <p> <b>DISTRIBUTION</b>. Tanzania (Map 1). The species is endemic to the Kilwa and Lindi Districts (Lindi Region) of southern Tanzania. It is possible that the species might yet be found in northern Mozambique but it was not recorded as wild there by Exell (1961).</p> <p> <b>SPECIMENS EXAMINED</b>. <b>TANZANIA</b>. <b>Lindi Province: Kilwa Distr.</b>, T8 – N end of Mbarawala Plateau, 7 Nov. 2003, <i>C. J. Kayombo</i> 4590 (MO 5750577 image!); Kilwa Distr., Kilwa South – pt451, 0908S, 3920 E, fl. 25 Nov. 2003, <i>W. R. Q. Luke & O. Kibure</i> 9718 (MO5792757 image!, FTG122084 image!) (EA, K000593145!, LMA, NHT); Kilwa Distr., 32 km N of Lindi, Mchinga S, pt 552, fl. 20 Dec. 2003, <i>W. R. Q. Luke & O. Kibure</i> 10203 (FTG122085 image!); <b>Lindi Distr.</b>, c. 6.5 km N of Lindi, fl. 9 Dec. 1955, <i>E. Milne-Redhead & P. G. Taylor 7481, 9 Dec. 1955 (BR image!, K000593143!, K000593144!);</i> Lindi, “Lat. 9 40’ South, this extends its habitats a little further South than before”, fl. July 1877, <i>Kirk</i> s.n. (holotype K000240943!); Lindi, fl. Nov. 1877, <i>Kirk</i> s.n. (K000593146!); Lindi, 40 km westlich, 200 – 250 um. Mangrovenrade, fl. 26 Aug. 1934 (<i>Schlieben</i> 5184 (BM!, P06593493 image!); Lindi Region, Lindi Distr., Lindi Creek, 10 00’S, 39 44’E, fl. 15 July 1995, <i>G. P. Clarke</i> 89 (K000593147!); Lindi Distr., Lindi Township, fl. Jan. 1952, <i>Semsei</i> S633 (K000593148!); Lindi, at Mdenga, coastal hills, fl. buds, 26 Feb. 1936, <i>Litchfield</i> 5457 (K000593149!, K000593150!); Lindi Region, Mtama Distr., Sudi Village 10.16019E 39.96873S, fl. 12 Jan. 2020, <i>O. Suleiman, Darbyshire & Shah, Mbailwa 5526 (DSM, K, NHT)</i>.</p> <p> <b>HABITAT</b>. <i>Hibiscus hareyae</i> is found in coastal habitats (“in the mangrove formation” <i>Semsei</i> S 633), in the ecotone between mangrove and thicket on coral rag (<i>Suleiman et al.</i> 5526) and in “coastal thicket” (<i>Luke & Kibure</i> 9718) or “coastal deciduous bushland” (<i>Milne- Redhead & Taylor</i> 7481) on the edge of seasonally-dry watercourses in thicket, and on hillsides (sea-level to 250 m alt.). There is a single record in “dry forest”. Associated species (<i>Suleiman et al.</i> 5526) are <i>Fimbristylis</i> sp.; <i>Euphorbia tirucalli</i> Thunb., <i>Dalbergia melanoxylon</i> Guill. & Perr., and <i>Erythroxylum emarginatum</i> Thonn.</p> <p>Temperatures in the Lindi Region are rather constant throughout the year, with the mean daily temperature ranging from 25 – 28o C, and mean daily maximum temperature of 31 – 32o C, and mean daily minimum temperature of 20 – 24o C. The average annual rainfall is around 900 mm falling between Dec. and April, with a pronounced dry season of 6 – 7 months. Tropical cyclones, sometimes severe and reaching category 4, occur infrequently from late Dec. through to mid-April.</p> <p> <i>Hibiscus hareyae</i> mainly occurs (Kilwa, Lindi and Kiswa areas) on coral rag, a rubble-like limestone formed by uplift of former marine coral reefs.</p> <p> <b>CONSERVATION STATUS.</b> <i>Hibiscus hareyae</i> is known from 12 specimens and six threat-based locations. We calculate the area of occupancy as 40 km 2 using the 4 km 2 cells favoured by IUCN (2012). The main location is the town of Lindi, from which (or very nearby) seven collections, from at least five sites have been made. Two of these records refer to the species as occurring in mangrove where it is “very common” (<i>Schlieben</i> 5184 and <i>Semsei</i> S 633). Other than these collections, there are few data on frequency, but recent research has reported it as infrequent: during the survey of thicket on coral rag resulting in collection of <i>Suleiman</i> 5526, <i>H. hareyae</i> was only seen at a single site with just 4 or 5 individuals. Although this species was targeted by the survey and other areas of coral rag were studied, no further plants were found despite it being then spectacular in flower (Darbyshire, RBG, Kew, pers. comm. to Cheek Jan. 2020). Threats from agriculture to thicket on coral rag substrate are low because coral rag is uncultivatable. However large areas within the range of the species along the coast have been converted to salt pans which appears to have destroyed habitat. Several historic sites at Lindi may have been lost due to house and road construction resulting from expansion of the town. At the site of <i>Suleiman et al.</i> 5526, much of the habitat had been cleared by cutting. Despite this, large areas of coral rag remain with deciduous thicket more or less intact and so <i>H. hareyae</i> although threatened to some degree, does not seem at present at risk of imminent extinction across its range. We advise that some of this overlooked habitat and its threatened species be protected, perhaps as part of a national Important Plant Areas programme (Darbyshire <i>et al.</i> 2017). <i>H. hareyae</i> also ought to be conserved <i>ex situ</i> including through seedbanking and bringing into cultivation as an insurance policy against the species becoming extinct in the wild as is believed to be the case for other Tanzanian species such as <i>Kihansia lovettii</i> Cheek (Cheek 2004), which has never been seen since it was first collected, despite dedicated searches over several years.</p> <p> <b>PHENOLOGY.</b> <i>Hibiscus hareyae</i> has been recorded as flowering from Nov. through to Feb. and July and August. Immature fruits have been observed in Nov., with the main fruiting period likely to extend from Dec. to March.</p> <p> <b>ETYMOLOGY.</b> The specific epithet honours Dr Hareya Fassil (12 Jan. 1968 <i>–</i> present) in recognition of her work on conservation of plant genetic resources and the roles of traditional plant-based medicines in Africa.</p> <p> <b>VERNACULAR NAMES</b>. Mgongonyoka (Swahili) and Kinyoka (Yau) (both <i>Litchfield</i> 5457); Lindi hibiscus (English).</p> <p> <b>NOTES.</b> The holotype of <i>Hibiscus hareyae</i> is barcoded K000240493. It consists of two short stems both with flowers. It is mounted in the top righthand corner of a sheet at Kew with the pencilled label in the hand of Kirk, separated at the very base of the sheet, also on the right-hand side. Above this label is a separate collection, a paratype, barcoded K000593146, of a single flower in a packet annotated in the hand of J. Hooker “ Lindi, E.Africa, Dr Kirk, Nov. 1877 ” to which the barcode K000593146 has been assigned. To the left of the label is a larger packet containing the folded manuscript note by Kirk that was published as Kirk & Oliver (1877). It is annotated in the hand of Oliver “Memorandum by Dr Kirk (18 Nov/74) to accompany specimens of Hibiscus from Mombasa” and “To be returned to Prof. Oliver”.</p> <p>Below the holotype is a label in the hand of Oliver stating “Sir J. Kirk distinguishes 2 vars (letter 10 Jan. 84). 1 from Kilwa (South! Shrub erect, often leafless at flowering- unjointed in pedicel- this is the var. sent herewith. Recd. At Kew/84.”</p> <p> <i>Hibiscus hareyae</i> is similar to <i>H. schizopetalus</i>, and we postulate that both species are likely ancestral within sect. <i>Lilibiscus</i>. It is likely that <i>H. hareyae</i> shares a recent common ancestor with <i>H. schizopetalus</i> since they are in geographic proximity, and are so morphologically similar that they have been considered to be conspecific for 150 years. We hypothesise that a single population formerly extended along the coast from Kenya to southern Tanzania, adapting to the different local environments at northern and southern extremes, becoming separated from each other due to extinction of the intervening populations. The northern evergreen plants, i.e. <i>H. schizopetalus</i> are confined to the shady, damp understorey of coastal semi-evergreen forest of hills, especially Kaya forests, while the southern (<i>H. hareyae</i>) is restricted to the drier habitats of deciduous coastal thickets, and appear to be more xerophilous, with smaller leaves and are at least partly and briefly themselves deciduous. Similar species-pair disjunctions between SE Kenya and S-Central Tanzania are seen in the genus <i>Ancistrocladus</i> (Cheek <i>et al.</i> 2000). New species to science continue to be discovered steadily in Tanzania (e.g. Cheek & Bridson 2019), including new taxa of <i>Hibiscus</i> e.g. <i>H. kabuyeana</i> Mwachala (Mwachala 2009) and <i>H. vitifolius</i> subsp. <i>lukei</i> (Mwachala & Cheek 2003).</p>Published as part of <i>Thomson, Lex A. J. & Cheek, Martin, 2020, Discovered online: Hibiscus hareyae sp. nov. of sect. Lilibiscus (Malvaceae), threatened in coastal thicket at Lindi, Tanzania, pp. 3250-3252 in Kew Bulletin 75 (4)</i> on pages 3-8, DOI: 10.1007/s12225-020-09911-6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4455823">http://zenodo.org/record/4455823</a>
Long-term growth in vitro of isolated, fully differentiated neurones from the central nervous system of an adult insect
No full textA method is described for the isolation and growth in vitro of fully differentiated neurones from the thoracic ganglia of adult cockroaches. The presence of insect blood in the culture system is shown to promote growth. The morphology of the growing neurones and the plasticity of the branching processes are described and growth rates are measured. Using a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator dye, changes of intracellular calcium levels in the growing neurones in response to K+ depolarization have been measured. The results, indicating the presence of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels on neuronal processes in vitro, show that neurones can be maintained in a functional state for several weeks by this technique. Such preparations could prove useful for studying a variety of physiological and pharmacological properties of neurones, including the mechanisms controlling growth, synapse formation and neuronal interactions with other cell types. <br/
cohort study
No full textAbstract not available.Nitaa Eapen, Amit Kochar, Mark D Lyttle, Natalie Phillips, John A Cheek, Jeremy Furyk, Jocelyn Neutze, Silvia Bressan, Amanda Williams, Stephen Hearps, Ed Oakley, Stuart R Dalziel, Meredith L Borlan
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #1]
No full textReport to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #2]
No full textReport to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
Evidence for the decay B0→J/ψω and measurement of the relative branching fractions of meson decays to J/ψη and J/ψη′
No full textFirst evidence of the B 0 → J / ψ ω decay is found and the B s 0 → J / ψ η and B s 0 → J / ψ η ′ decays are studied using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb -1 collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV. The branching fractions of these decays are measured relative to that of the B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0 decay:frac(B (B 0 → J / ψ ω), B (B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0)) = 0.89 ± 0.19 (stat) - 0.13 + 0.07 (syst),frac(B (B s 0 → J / ψ η), B (B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0)) = 14.0 ± 1.2 (stat) - 1.5 + 1.1 (syst) - 1.0 + 1.1 (frac(f d, f s)),frac(B (B s 0 → J / ψ η ′), B (B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0)) = 12.7 ± 1.1 (stat) - 1.3 + 0.5 (syst) - 0.9 + 1.0 (frac(f d, f s)), where the last uncertainty is due to the knowledge of f d / f s, the ratio of b-quark hadronization factors that accounts for the different production rate of B 0 and B s 0 mesons. The ratio of the branching fractions of B s 0 → J / ψ η ′ and B s 0 → J / ψ η decays is measured to befrac(B (B s 0 → J / ψ η ′), B (B s 0 → J / ψ η)) = 0.90 ± 0.09 (stat) - 0.02 + 0.06 (syst)
Fig. 3. Hibiscus hareyae. A in Discovered online: Hibiscus hareyae sp. nov. of sect. Lilibiscus (Malvaceae), threatened in coastal thicket at Lindi, Tanzania
No full textFig. 3. Hibiscus hareyae. A leaves and inflorescence from above showing epicalyces; B flower from below showing white inner petal markings. From Suleiman et al. 5526 (K). PHOTOS: A IAIN DARBYSHIRE, B TORAL SHAH.Published as part of Thomson, Lex A. J. & Cheek, Martin, 2020, Discovered online: Hibiscus hareyae sp. nov. of sect. Lilibiscus (Malvaceae), threatened in coastal thicket at Lindi, Tanzania, pp. 3250-3252 in Kew Bulletin 75 (4) on page 7, DOI: 10.1007/s12225-020-09911-6, http://zenodo.org/record/445582
Enquiry-based science in the infant classroom: ‘letting go’
No full textEnquiry-based science in primary classrooms is key to encouraging children's interest and curiosity about the world around them and as a result helps to stimulate their understanding and enjoyment of science. Yet many primary teachers lack the confidence to implement enquiry-based approaches effectively. The reasons are myriad and often result in the teacher controlling and orchestrating the lesson leaving little room for children's exploration and autonomy. This paper explores how one infant school teacher was willing to relinquish control and ‘let go’ and expand her pedagogical repertoire to manage the many obstacles to including enquiry-based science in her classroom. The autonomy the children were given resulted in genuine enquiry-based science with the consequential benefit to their learning. Furthermore the teacher's confidence and self-efficacy seem to have been raised ensuring that that she would continue to include enquiry-based science as part of her practice in the future. As a model for other primary teachers this approach could help them overcome their reticence to engage with enquiry-based science
Pseudohydrosme ebo Cheek & Tchiengué & van der Burgt 2021, sp. nov.
No full text3. Pseudohydrosme ebo Cheek, sp. nov. — Figs. 1–3, 6 and 7. Differing from Pseudohydrosme gabunensis Engl. in the ovaries 3-locular, the stigma conspicuously 3-lobed, very rarely 2-locular/lobed (vs. usually 2-locular, 2-lobed, rarely 3-locular/lobed), the female zone of the spadix only sparsely covered in flowers, the spadix axis visible between the flowers (vs. completely covered in flowers), the spathe at anthesis 24–30(–34.5) cm long, the outer surface dull white with longitudinal brown stripes, inner surface light reddish brown with wide pale green veins (vs.(30–)40–55(-70) cm long, uniformly white, green or yellow on both surfaces, inner surface bicoloured, the mid-limb area dark purple, sharply demarcated from the marginal white/yellow coloured area). Type: B. J. Morgan 25 (holotype K!; isotypes B! MO! YA!), Cameroon, Littoral Region, Yabassi-Yingui, Ebo proposed National Park, fl. September 2010. Terrestrial herb, to 1.55 m tall. Rhizome cylindric, c. 3 cm diam. obliquely erect to almost parallel to substrate surface, only upper part exposed, surface with transverse ridges (leaf scars) about 2 mm deep, 2 mm apart. Roots adventitious, thick, fleshy, c. 5 mm diam., scattered along length of rhizome, asexual reproduction not detected. Leaf to 1.55 m tall, petiole terete, to 2 cm. diameter at base, green, inconspicuously spotted yellow, mature plants with minute, patent, extremely sparse prickles 0.5 mm long. Blade of youngest seedlings sagittate-elliptic, 5 × 2.5 cm, apex obtuse, basal sinus 1.5 × 1.5 cm, petiole 6–7 cm long. Older seedlings, in successive years with leaves developing first slits and then divisions, becoming triangular in outline with a broad basal sinus. Blade of mature leaves dracontoid, primary division 35–40 × 38–43 cm, pinnatisect, lobes 5–8, dimorphic, larger, mainly distal lobes oblong 12.5–22 × 3.8–6.5 cm, apex acuminate or truncate-bifid (biacuminate), acumen 0.8–1.5 cm long, smaller, mainly proximal lobes ovate c. 8 × 3.5 cm; lateral veins 6–11 conspicuous on abaxial surface, on each side of the midrib, uniting to form a regular looping submarginal vein 3–6 mm from the margin, higher order veins reticulate. Inflorescence: Cataphylls 4, phyllotaxy spiral, light brown, with light green spots, membranous, successively increasing in size from proximal to distal, the outermost triangular-broadly ovate, amplexicaul 3 × 4 cm, the third in succession narrowly lanceolate-oblong, 12 × 2 cm, the fourth 18–19 × 1.5–4 cm; peduncle 3.5–4.5 × 0.6–0.7 cm, with minute, patent, extremely sparse prickles 0.5 mm long, colour as petiole. Spathe 24–30(–34.5) × 8 cm long basal 1/2–3/4 subcylindric, convolute, funnel-shaped, 1.8–4 cm wide at 2 cm above the peduncle, 6–8 cm wide at 8 cm above the peduncle, and 8–9 cm wide at 15 cm above the peduncle, the distal part (limb), half to one third of the total spathe length, flaring widely and curving forward, hood-like, shielding the spadix, the apex with a triangular acumen 3–4 × 1 cm; outer surface of both tube and limb dull white, with pale brown-red ribs running longitudinally along veins from base of tube to mouth of limb; inner surface of spathe light reddish brown, with wide pale green veins, gradually becoming slightly darker along the midline; mouth facing horizontally, transversely elliptic, 8–10 cm high, 20–25 cm wide, margin entire. Spadix sessile, cylindrical, 50–85 mm long, 10–18 mm diam. Female zone 24 mm long, 15–18 mm wide, female flowers sparsely scattered, c. 30, laxly arranged, covering only about half the surface of the spadix axis, the axis visible between the flowers, sometimes not contiguous with the male zone, the axis then naked for up to 10 mm. Male zone 37–55 mm long, 10–14 mm wide, apex rounded, completely covered in densely arranged male flowers, sterile appendix absent. Male flowers with 2–5 stamens, sometimes paired or in groups of 3–5, stamens free, sessile, prismatic, 5 mm long, isodiametric in plan-view, 5–6 faceted, (1.5–)2 mm diam., apex convex, minutely papillate; anther thecae lateral, tetrasporangiate (Fig. 6F), oblong-elliptic, running the length of the stamen, with apical pore (Fig. 6E). Female flowers with ovary globose, 4 mm diam., 3-locular (Fig. 6I), very rarely 2-locular, style 1–1.5 mm long, 1 mm diam., stigma pale yellow, 0.5 mm thick, 2–2.25 mm wide, strongly 3-lobed (Fig. 7E), lobes with a narrow midline groove, apex rounded. Berry and seed not seen. Distribution and ecology: Cameroon, Littoral Region, known only from three sites at one location in the Ebo forest near Yabassi-Yingui, in late secondary and intact, undisturbed lowland evergreen forest on ancient basement complex geology, rainfall c. 3 m p.a., drier season October-March; 300–400 m alt. Conservation: Pseudohydrosme ebo is known from only one location, with three sites along a section of valley 1.3 km long and only 50–100 mature individuals in total have been seen by the collectors (second and third authors). These sites are along former logging roads which have reverted to forest (X. Van der Burgt, 2019, personal observation) as well as intact forest. In the fourteen years since 2006, botanical surveys have been made almost annually, at different seasons, over many parts of the formerly proposed National Park of Ebo. About 3000 botanical herbarium specimens have been collected, but despite the species being so spectacular in flower, with individual inflorescences lasting potentially two weeks (if they prove to be similar in phenology to those of P. gabunensis), this species has been seen nowhere else in the c. 2000 km 2 of the Ebo Forest. However, much of this area has not been surveyed during the flowering season of the species, or not surveyed at all for plants. While it is likely that the species will be found at additional sites, there is no doubt that it is genuinely range restricted. Botanical surveys for conservation management in forest areas neighbouring Ebo resulting in thousands of specimens being collected and identified have failed to find any specimens of Pseudohydrosme (Cheek et al., 1996; Cable & Cheek, 1998; Cheek, Onana & Pollard, 2000; Harvey et al., 2004; Cheek et al., 2004; Cheek, Harvey & Onana, 2010; Harvey, Tchiengue & Cheek, 2010). It is possible that the species is unique to Ebo and truly localised. The area of occupation of Pseudohydrosme ebo is estimated as 4 km 2 using the IUCN preferred cell-size. The extent of occurrence is the same area. In February 2020 it was discovered that moves were in place to convert the forest into two logging concessions (e.g. https://www.globalwildlife. org/blog/ebo-forest-a-stronghold-for-cameroons-wildlife/ and https://blog.resourceshark. com/cameroon-approves-logging-concession-that-will-destroy-ebo-forest-gorilla-habitat/ both accessed 19 September 2020). This would result in logging tracks that would allow access throughout the forest allowing poachers of rare collectable plants such as Pseudohydrosme, and timber extraction would open up the canopy and remove the intact habitat in which Pseudohydrosme grows. Additionally, slash and burn agriculture often follows logging trails and would negatively impact the populations of this species. Fortunately the logging concession was suspended due to representations to the President of Cameroon on the global importance of the biodiversity of Ebo (https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200817005135/ en/Relief-in-the-Forest-Cameroonian-Government-Backtracks-on-the-Ebo-Forest accessed 19 September 2020). However, the forest habitat of this species remains unprotected and threats of logging and conversion of the habitat to plantations remain. Pseudohydrosme ebo is therefore here assessed, on the basis of the range size given and threats stated as CR B1+2ab (iii), that is Critically Endangered. Additional specimens: Cameroon, Littoral Region, Ebo proposed National Park, fl. 8 Oct. 2015 van der Burgt 1888 (K! YA!); ibid., st. (leaves) 9 Dec. 2019, van der Burgt 2377 (K!, MO!, P!, WAG!, YA!). Phenology: flowering in September and early October; leaves early December; fruiting unknown. Etymology: named as a noun in apposition for the forest of Ebo, in Cameroon’ s Littoral Region, Yabassi-Yingui Prefecture, to which this spectacular species is globally restricted on current evidence. Local names and uses: none are known. Notes: Pseudohydrosme ebo came to the attention of the first author in late Aug. 2018 on seeing van der Burgt 1888, collected in 2015. Plans were made to revisit the collection site at the next available opportunity, in December 2019, when leaves were found by the third author (van der Burgt 2377), but unfortunately fruits were not found. At the same time a second site was discovered 1.3 km distant from the site found in 2015. In February 2020 van der Burgt found at Kew an overlooked, additional specimen, Morgan 25, which is the earliest known record of the species, dating from 2010, and since it has multiple duplicates, has been selected as type of the new species. The associated collection data previously mislaid was rediscovered in May 2020. Alvarez with van der Burgt, and Ngansop, discovered in December 2019 seedlings of the new species, at three different stages, preserved as Van der Burgt 2377 sheet 1/4 (see Fig 7). Clearly the species at this site is reproducing itself. Associated photographs also show plants of different ages. Abwe & Morgan (2008) and Cheek et al. (2018b) characterise the Ebo forest, and give overviews of habitats, species and importance for conservation. Fifty-two globally threatened plant species are currently listed from Ebo on the IUCN Red List website and the number is set to rise rapidly. The discovery of a new species to science at the Ebo forest is not unusual. Since numerous new species have been published from Ebo in recent years. Examples of other species that, like Pseudohydrosme ebo appear to be strictly endemic to Ebo on current evidence are: Ardisia ebo Cheek (Cheek & Xanthos, 2012) , Crateranthus cameroonensis Cheek and Prance (Prance & Jongkind, 2015), Gilbertiodendron ebo Burgt and Mackinder (Van der Burgt et al., 2015) , Inversodicraea ebo Cheek (Cheek et al., 2017) , Kupeantha ebo M. Alvarez and Cheek (Cheek et al., 2018a) , Palisota ebo Cheek (Cheek et al., 2018b) . Further species described from Ebo have also been found further west, in the Cameroon Highlands, particularly at Mt Kupe and the Bakossi Mts (Cheek et al., 2004). Examples are Myrianthus fosi Cheek (Cheek & Osborne, 2010), Salacia nigra Cheek (Gosline, Cheek & Kami, 2014), Talbotiella ebo Mackinder and Wieringa (Mackinder, Wieringa & Van der Burgt, 2010) Additionally, several species formerly thought endemic to Mt Kupe have subsequently been found at Ebo, for example Coffea montekupensis Stoff. (Stoffelen et al., 1997), Costus kupensis Maas and H. Maas (Van de Kamer et al., 2016), Microcos magnifica Cheek (Cheek, 2017), and Uvariopsis submontana Kenfack, Gosline and Gereau (Kenfack et al., 2003). Therefore, it is possible that Pseudohydrosme ebo might yet also be found in the Cameroon highlands, for example at Mt Kupe, further extending westward the known range of the genus. However, this is thought to be only a relatively small possibility given the spectacular nature of this plant, and the high level of survey effort at for example Mt Kupe: if it occurred there it is highly likely that it would have been recorded already. Additional characters separating Pseudohydrosme ebo from P. gabunensis are show in Table 1. It is to be hoped that further studies of live plants of P. ebo will be possible to determine if, like P. gabunensis it also reproduces asexually from the root tips. The biogeography of the Cameroonian Pseudohydrosme ebo is very different from that of the two Gabonese species of the genus growing c.450 km to the South. The Gabonese species grow on recently deposited, sandy coastal soils. Although the Gabonese species also experience a wet season of about 3 m of rainfall per annum, it is differently distributed: the dry season in Libreville occurs from June to September inclusive and is colder than the wet season. In contrast at Ebo the geology at the Pseudohydrosme location is ancient, highly weathered basement complex, with some ferralitic areas in foothill areas which are inland, c. 100 km from the coast. The wet season (successive months with cumulative rainfall>100 mm) is almost the inverse of at Libreville, falling between March and November and is colder than the dry season (Abwe & Morgan, 2008). In addition, the affinities of Ebo as indicated by shared plant species, seems to be with other parts of the Cross-Sanaga biogeographic area, the Cameroon Highlands, rather than with Gabon (see above).Published as part of Cheek, Martin, Tchiengué, Barthélemy & van der Burgt, Xander, 2021, Taxonomic revision of the threatened African genus Pseudohydrosme Engl. (Araceae), with P. ebo, a new, critically endangered species from Ebo, Cameroon, pp. 1-32 in PeerJ 9 on pages 18-23, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10689, http://zenodo.org/record/584707
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